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Tom Brown at Oxford
Tom Brown at Oxford

Chapter XXXVII · From India to Englebourn

Chapter XXXVII of Tom Brown at Oxford, “From India to Englebourn,” is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.
How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?
All-penetrating as she is, one cannot help wondering that she did not give up Englebourn altogether as a hopeless job.
So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.
A London journal, sound in Church and State principles, most respectable but not otherwise than heavy, came every Saturday to the rectory.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Tom Brown at Oxford

Chapter XXXVII · From India to Englebourn

Chapter XXXVII of Tom Brown at Oxford, “From India to Englebourn,” is here in full — 155 sentences across 31 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.
Line 2
How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?
Line 3
All-penetrating as she is, one cannot help wondering that she did not give up Englebourn altogether as a hopeless job.
Line 4
So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.
Line 5
A London journal, sound in Church and State principles, most respectable but not otherwise than heavy, came every Saturday to the rectory.
/ə ˈlʌndən ˈdʒɜːrnəl saʊnd ɪn tʃɜːrtʃ ənd steɪt ˈprɪnsəpəlz moʊst rɪˈspektəbəl bʌt nɑːt ˈʌðərwaɪz ðæn ˈhevi keɪm ˈevəri ˈsætərdi tuː ðə ˈrektəri/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

agricultural adjective US /ˌæɡrəˈkʌltʃərəl/

relating to or used in or promoting agriculture or farming

From this reading “How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?”

housed verb US /haʊzd/

past form of “house” — contain or cover

From this reading “How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?”

percolate verb US /ˈpɜːrkəleɪt/

permeate or penetrate gradually

From this reading “How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?”

periodical noun US /ˌpɪriˈɑːdɪkəl/

a publication that appears at fixed intervals

From this reading “So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.”

producer noun US /prəˈduːsər/

someone who manufactures something

From this reading “How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?”

Quarterly adjective US /ˈkwɔːrtərli/

of or relating to or consisting of a quarter

stolid adjective US /ˈstɑːləd/

having or revealing little emotion or sensibility; not easily aroused or excited

From this reading “How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?”

stratum noun US /ˈstrætəm/

one of several parallel layers of material arranged one on top of another (such as a layer of tissue or cells in an organism or a layer of sedimentary rock)

From this reading “How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most respectable adverb + adjective

In this reading “A London journal, sound in Church and State principles, most respectable but not otherwise than heavy, came every Saturday to the rectory.”

help wondering verb + adjective

In this reading “All-penetrating as she is, one cannot help wondering that she did not give up Englebourn altogether as a hopeless job.”

with the exception preposition + article + noun counted as “with … exception”

In this reading “So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.”

far better adverb + adjective

In this reading “How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?”

give up verb + adjective

lose (s.th.) or lose the right to (s.th.) by some error, offense, or crime

In this reading “All-penetrating as she is, one cannot help wondering that she did not give up Englebourn altogether as a hopeless job.”

own children verb + noun counted as “own child”

In this reading “How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?”

All words in this reading · 131

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

afraidadjectiveUS /əˈfreɪd/

filled with fear or apprehension

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

agriculturaladjectiveUS /ˌæɡrəˈkʌltʃərəl/

relating to or used in or promoting agriculture or farming

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

All-penetrating

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All-penetrating as she is, one cannot help wondering that she did not give up Englebourn altogether as a hopeless job.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading All-penetrating as she is, one cannot help wondering that she did not give up Englebourn altogether as a hopeless job.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading A London journal, sound in Church and State principles, most respectable but not otherwise than heavy, came every Saturday to the rectory.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading All-penetrating as she is, one cannot help wondering that she did not give up Englebourn altogether as a hopeless job.

carefuladjectiveUS /ˈkerfəl/

exercising caution or showing care or attention

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

ChurchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading A London journal, sound in Church and State principles, most respectable but not otherwise than heavy, came every Saturday to the rectory.

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

commencementnounUS /kəˈmensmənt/

the time at which something is supposed to begin

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

concernedadjectiveUS /kənˈsɜːrnd/

feeling or showing worry or solicitude

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

contemporaryadjectiveUS /kənˈtempəreri/

characteristic of the present

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

contentnounUS /ˈkɑːntent/

(usually plural) everything that is included in a collection and that is held or included in something

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

cornnounUS /kɔːrn/

tall annual cereal grass bearing kernels on large ears: widely cultivated in America in many varieties; the principal cereal in Mexico and Central and South America since pre-Columbian times

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading All-penetrating as she is, one cannot help wondering that she did not give up Englebourn altogether as a hopeless job.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

dozennounUS /ˈdʌzən/

the cardinal number that is the sum of eleven and one

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

Dr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

elementnounUS /ˈeləmənt/

an abstract part of something

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

Englebourn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

Englebournian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading A London journal, sound in Church and State principles, most respectable but not otherwise than heavy, came every Saturday to the rectory.

exceptionnounUS /ɪkˈsepʃən/

a deliberate act of omission

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

fednounUS /fed/

any federal law-enforcement officer

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

folknounUS /foʊk/

people in general (often used in the plural)

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

foundationsnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃənz/

plural of “foundation” — the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading All-penetrating as she is, one cannot help wondering that she did not give up Englebourn altogether as a hopeless job.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

grainnounUS /ɡreɪn/

a relatively small granular particle of a substance

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

guardiannounUS /ˈɡɑːrdiən/

a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading A London journal, sound in Church and State principles, most respectable but not otherwise than heavy, came every Saturday to the rectory.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading All-penetrating as she is, one cannot help wondering that she did not give up Englebourn altogether as a hopeless job.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

hopelessadjectiveUS /ˈhoʊpləs/

without hope because there seems to be no possibility of comfort or success

From this reading All-penetrating as she is, one cannot help wondering that she did not give up Englebourn altogether as a hopeless job.

housedverbUS /haʊzd/

past form of “house” — contain or cover

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

How

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

instructionnounUS /ˌɪnˈstrʌkʃən/

a message describing how something is to be done

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading All-penetrating as she is, one cannot help wondering that she did not give up Englebourn altogether as a hopeless job.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

jobnounUS /dʒɑːb/

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading All-penetrating as she is, one cannot help wondering that she did not give up Englebourn altogether as a hopeless job.

journalnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrnəl/

a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations

From this reading A London journal, sound in Church and State principles, most respectable but not otherwise than heavy, came every Saturday to the rectory.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

labourernoun

someone who works with their hands; someone engaged in manual labor

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

laddernounUS /ˈlædər/

steps consisting of two parallel members connected by rungs; for climbing up or down

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

limitedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪmətəd/

small in range or scope

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading A London journal, sound in Church and State principles, most respectable but not otherwise than heavy, came every Saturday to the rectory.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading All-penetrating as she is, one cannot help wondering that she did not give up Englebourn altogether as a hopeless job.

nurseverbUS /nɜːrs/

try to cure by special care of treatment, of an illness or injury

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading All-penetrating as she is, one cannot help wondering that she did not give up Englebourn altogether as a hopeless job.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading A London journal, sound in Church and State principles, most respectable but not otherwise than heavy, came every Saturday to the rectory.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

oxennounUS /ˈɑːksən/

domesticated bovine animals as a group regardless of sex or age

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

papersnounUS /ˈpeɪpərz/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

percolateverbUS /ˈpɜːrkəleɪt/

permeate or penetrate gradually

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

periodicalnounUS /ˌpɪriˈɑːdɪkəl/

a publication that appears at fixed intervals

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

pigsnounUS /pɪɡz/

plural of “pig” — domestic swine

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

principlesnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading A London journal, sound in Church and State principles, most respectable but not otherwise than heavy, came every Saturday to the rectory.

producernounUS /prəˈduːsər/

someone who manufactures something

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

QuarterlyadjectiveUS /ˈkwɔːrtərli/

of or relating to or consisting of a quarter

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

rarelyadverbUS /ˈrerli/

not often

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

reachverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

reckonedverbUS /ˈrekənd/

past form of “reckon” — expect, believe, or suppose

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

rectorynounUS /ˈrektəri/

an official residence provided by a church for its parson or vicar or rector

From this reading A London journal, sound in Church and State principles, most respectable but not otherwise than heavy, came every Saturday to the rectory.

respectableadjectiveUS /rɪˈspektəbəl/

characterized by socially or conventionally acceptable morals

From this reading A London journal, sound in Church and State principles, most respectable but not otherwise than heavy, came every Saturday to the rectory.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

SaturdaynounUS /ˈsætərdi/

the seventh and last day of the week; observed as the Sabbath by Jews and some Christians

From this reading A London journal, sound in Church and State principles, most respectable but not otherwise than heavy, came every Saturday to the rectory.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading All-penetrating as she is, one cannot help wondering that she did not give up Englebourn altogether as a hopeless job.

sheepnounUS /ʃiːp/

woolly usually horned ruminant mammal related to the goat

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

soundnounUS /saʊnd/

the particular auditory effect produced by a given cause

From this reading A London journal, sound in Church and State principles, most respectable but not otherwise than heavy, came every Saturday to the rectory.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading A London journal, sound in Church and State principles, most respectable but not otherwise than heavy, came every Saturday to the rectory.

stolidadjectiveUS /ˈstɑːləd/

having or revealing little emotion or sensibility; not easily aroused or excited

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

stratumnounUS /ˈstrætəm/

one of several parallel layers of material arranged one on top of another (such as a layer of tissue or cells in an organism or a layer of sedimentary rock)

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

supplyverbUS /səˈplaɪ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading All-penetrating as she is, one cannot help wondering that she did not give up Englebourn altogether as a hopeless job.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

weeklynounUS /ˈwiːkli/

a periodical that is published every week (or 52 issues per year)

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

WinternounUS /ˈwɪntər/

the coldest season of the year; in the northern hemisphere it extends from the winter solstice to the vernal equinox

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading If a knowledge of contemporary history must be reckoned as an important element in the civilization of any people, then I am afraid that the good folk of Englebourn must have been content, in the days of our story, with a very low place on the ladder.

wonderingadjectiveUS /ˈwʌndərɪŋ/

showing curiosity

From this reading All-penetrating as she is, one cannot help wondering that she did not give up Englebourn altogether as a hopeless job.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading So far as written periodical instruction is concerned (with the exception of the _Quarterly_, which Dr. Winter had taken in from its commencement, but rarely opened), the supply was limited to at most half a dozen weekly papers.

youthfuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːθfəl/

suggestive of youth; vigorous and fresh

From this reading How, indeed, was knowledge to percolate, so as to reach down to the foundations of Englebournian society--the stratum on which all others rest--the common agricultural labourer, producer of corn and other grain, the careful and stolid nurse and guardian of youthful oxen, sheep and pigs, many of them far better fed and housed than his own children?

Chapter 37 of Tom Brown at Oxford by Thomas Hughes holds 155 sentences, grouped into 31 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 37 of Tom Brown at Oxford contain?

Chapter 37 holds 155 sentences of Tom Brown at Oxford, unabridged, divided into 31 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 37 of Tom Brown at Oxford by Thomas Hughes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 155 sentences, grouped into 31 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 37 of Tom Brown at Oxford?

Work through the 31 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 31 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 37 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 37 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #26851, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Tom Brown at Oxford take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 2438 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Tom Brown at Oxford

Words and structures a reader meets early in Tom Brown at Oxford, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Illustrations
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tom Brown at Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sydney
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tom Brown at Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Lovell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tom Brown at Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tom Brown at Oxford; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.