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Tom Burnaby
Tom Burnaby

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Tom Burnaby is here in full — 423 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.
The katikiro stood at the north gate, proud of his office, and yet envious of the men who were advancing to meet the enemy.
At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.
Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.
And therefore the only face that scowled on the departing army was Mabruki’s.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Tom Burnaby

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Tom Burnaby is here in full — 423 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.
Line 2
The katikiro stood at the north gate, proud of his office, and yet envious of the men who were advancing to meet the enemy.
Line 3
At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.
Line 4
Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.
Line 5
And therefore the only face that scowled on the departing army was Mabruki’s.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Burly adjective US /ˈbɜːrli/

muscular and heavily built

From this reading “Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.”

Castro noun US /ˈkæstroʊ/

Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927)

From this reading “Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.”

Ensnared verb US /ɪnˈsnerd/

past form of “ensnare” — take or catch as if in a snare or trap

From this reading “Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.”

horde noun US /hɔːrd/

a vast multitude

From this reading “At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.”

influx noun US /ˈɪnflʌks/

the process of flowing in

From this reading “At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.”

magical adjective US /ˈmædʒɪkəl/

possessing or using or characteristic of or appropriate to supernatural powers

From this reading “Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.”

Scouting noun US /ˈskaʊtɪŋ/

exploring in order to gain information

From this reading “Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.”

scowled verb US /skaʊld/

past form of “scowl” — frown with displeasure

From this reading “And therefore the only face that scowled on the departing army was Mabruki’s.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

next morning adjective + noun

In this reading “Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.”

magical power adjective + noun

an ability to perform magic

In this reading “Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.”

strong arm adjective + noun

In this reading “Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.”

north gate noun + noun

In this reading “The katikiro stood at the north gate, proud of his office, and yet envious of the men who were advancing to meet the enemy.”

marched out verb + adjective counted as “march out”

march out (as from a defile) into open ground

In this reading “Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.”

into the village preposition + article + noun counted as “into … village”

In this reading “At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.”

stood at verb + particle

In this reading “The katikiro stood at the north gate, proud of his office, and yet envious of the men who were advancing to meet the enemy.”

All words in this reading · 123

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

accompanyverbUS /əˈkʌmpəni/

be present or associated with an event or entity

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

advancingadjectiveUS /ədˈvænsɪŋ/

moving forward

From this reading The katikiro stood at the north gate, proud of his office, and yet envious of the men who were advancing to meet the enemy.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

amidprepositionUS /əˈmɪd/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

ArabnounUS /ˈærəb/

a member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

armnounUS /ɑːrm/

a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading And therefore the only face that scowled on the departing army was Mabruki’s.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

askingnounUS /ˈæskɪŋ/

the verbal act of requesting

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The katikiro stood at the north gate, proud of his office, and yet envious of the men who were advancing to meet the enemy.

authoritynounUS /əˈθɔːrəti/

the power or right to give orders or make decisions

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

Bahima

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

basketnounUS /ˈbæskət/

a container that is usually woven and has handles

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

bellnounUS /bel/

a hollow device made of metal that makes a ringing sound when struck

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

benefitnounUS /ˈbenəfɪt/

financial assistance in time of need

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

bluntlyadverbUS /ˈblʌntli/

in a blunt direct manner

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

braveadjectiveUS /breɪv/

possessing or displaying courage; able to face and deal with danger or fear without flinching

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

BurlyadjectiveUS /ˈbɜːrli/

muscular and heavily built

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

CampnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

CastronounUS /ˈkæstroʊ/

Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba (born in 1927)

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

cheersnounUS /tʃɪrz/

plural of “cheer” — a cry or shout of approval

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

confidencenounUS /ˈkɑːnfədəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

DenounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

departingverbUS /dɪˈpɑːrtɪŋ/

-ing form of “depart” — move away from a place into another direction

From this reading And therefore the only face that scowled on the departing army was Mabruki’s.

discomfiturenoun

anxious embarrassment

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

enemynounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading The katikiro stood at the north gate, proud of his office, and yet envious of the men who were advancing to meet the enemy.

EnsnaredverbUS /ɪnˈsnerd/

past form of “ensnare” — take or catch as if in a snare or trap

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

enviousadjectiveUS /ˈenviəs/

showing extreme cupidity; painfully desirous of another's advantages

From this reading The katikiro stood at the north gate, proud of his office, and yet envious of the men who were advancing to meet the enemy.

EscapesnounUS /ɪˈskeɪps/

plural of “escape” — the act of escaping physically

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading And therefore the only face that scowled on the departing army was Mabruki’s.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

Fordingnoun

the act of crossing a stream or river by wading or in a car or on a horse

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

gatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading The katikiro stood at the north gate, proud of his office, and yet envious of the men who were advancing to meet the enemy.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The katikiro stood at the north gate, proud of his office, and yet envious of the men who were advancing to meet the enemy.

hordenounUS /hɔːrd/

a vast multitude

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

influxnounUS /ˈɪnflʌks/

the process of flowing in

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

katikiro

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The katikiro stood at the north gate, proud of his office, and yet envious of the men who were advancing to meet the enemy.

Kuboko

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

Mabruki

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

Mabruki's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

magicaladjectiveUS /ˈmædʒɪkəl/

possessing or using or characteristic of or appropriate to supernatural powers

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

marchedverbUS /mɑːrtʃt/

past form of “march” — march in a procession

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

MeasuresnounUS /ˈmeʒərz/

plural of “measure” — any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

medicine-man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

meetverbUS /miːt/

come together

From this reading The katikiro stood at the north gate, proud of his office, and yet envious of the men who were advancing to meet the enemy.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

Mwonga

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

MysterynounUS /ˈmɪstəri/

something that baffles understanding and cannot be explained

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

northnounUS /nɔːrθ/

the region of the United States lying to the north of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The katikiro stood at the north gate, proud of his office, and yet envious of the men who were advancing to meet the enemy.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

officenounUS /ˈɔːfɪs/

place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading The katikiro stood at the north gate, proud of his office, and yet envious of the men who were advancing to meet the enemy.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading And therefore the only face that scowled on the departing army was Mabruki’s.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading And therefore the only face that scowled on the departing army was Mabruki’s.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

PanicnounUS /ˈpænɪk/

an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

Pikeman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

pleadedverbUS /ˈpliːdɪd/

past form of “plead” — appeal or request earnestly

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

PreparingverbUS /priˈperɪŋ/

-ing form of “prepare” — make ready or suitable or equip in advance for a particular purpose or for some use, event, etc

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

PromptverbUS /prɑːmpt/

give an incentive for action

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

proudadjectiveUS /praʊd/

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading The katikiro stood at the north gate, proud of his office, and yet envious of the men who were advancing to meet the enemy.

recoveredadjectiveUS /rəˈkʌvərd/

freed from illness or injury

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

refusedverbUS /rəˈfjuːzd/

past form of “refuse” — show unwillingness towards

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

requestverbUS /rɪˈkwest/

express the need or desire for

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

resolutelyadverbUS /ˈresəluːtli/

showing firm determination or purpose

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

ScoutingnounUS /ˈskaʊtɪŋ/

exploring in order to gain information

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

scowledverbUS /skaʊld/

past form of “scowl” — frown with displeasure

From this reading And therefore the only face that scowled on the departing army was Mabruki’s.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

SpringnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading The katikiro stood at the north gate, proud of his office, and yet envious of the men who were advancing to meet the enemy.

StreamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading And therefore the only face that scowled on the departing army was Mabruki’s.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

TomnounUS /tɑːm/

male cat

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

TrapnounUS /træp/

a device in which something (usually an animal) can be caught and penned

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

TreacherynounUS /ˈtretʃ.ər.i/

Betrayal of trust; deceptive action or disloyalty against a host or ally.

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The katikiro stood at the north gate, proud of his office, and yet envious of the men who were advancing to meet the enemy.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Some, indeed, of the Bahima had pleaded that Mabruki might be allowed to accompany them, so that they might benefit by what magical power was still left to him; but Tom had resolutely refused their request, asking them bluntly whether they had not more confidence in his strong arm than in Mabruki’s basket and bell.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The katikiro stood at the north gate, proud of his office, and yet envious of the men who were advancing to meet the enemy.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

witnessedverbUS /ˈwɪtnəst/

past form of “witness” — be a witness to

From this reading At one side of him stood Mwonga, at the other Mabruki the medicine-man, who had recovered something of his old authority with the influx into the village of a vast horde who had not witnessed his discomfiture by Kuboko.

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading Treachery Fording a Stream--Preparing a Trap--Ensnared--A Panic--Mystery--Prompt Measures--Scouting--The Arab Camp--A Burly Pikeman--Preparing to Spring--De Castro Escapes The force made a brave show as it marched out next morning amid the cheers of the thousands of men, women, and children left behind.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The katikiro stood at the north gate, proud of his office, and yet envious of the men who were advancing to meet the enemy.

Chapter 18 of Tom Burnaby by Herbert Strang holds 423 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Tom Burnaby contain?

Chapter 18 holds 423 sentences of Tom Burnaby, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Tom Burnaby by Herbert Strang exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 423 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Tom Burnaby?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Tom Burnaby

Common questions about reading Tom Burnaby by Herbert Strang on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Tom Burnaby?

Yes. All 7151 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #42017 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Tom Burnaby is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #42017, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Tom Burnaby take to read?

About 595 minutes of reading across 1431 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Tom Burnaby section by section

How to work through Tom Burnaby section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 21 chapters of Tom Burnaby to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Tom Burnaby

Words and structures a reader meets early in Tom Burnaby, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Brothers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tom Burnaby; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Search
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tom Burnaby; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Strife
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tom Burnaby; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Loving
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tom Burnaby; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.