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Tom, The Bootblack
Tom, The Bootblack

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of Tom, The Bootblack is here in full — 173 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE GUEST OF HIS ENEMY.
While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.
He saw that our hero was a determined and dangerous opponent.
He had not credited him with such courage and perseverance.
He thought that, being a mere boy, he would be easily intimidated--that opposition and difficulty would daunt him.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Tom, The Bootblack

Chapter XXVIII

Chapter 28 of Tom, The Bootblack is here in full — 173 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE GUEST OF HIS ENEMY.
/ðə ɡest ʌv hɪz ˈenəmi/
Line 2
While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.
/waɪl ˈpɑːmpi wɑːz ɡɔːn tuː siːk ˈɡɪlbərt ənd ˌɪnˈvaɪt hɪm tuː ðə ˈlaɪbreriː dʒeɪmz ɡreɪ ɡeɪv ðə taɪm tuː ˈræpəd rɪˈflekʃən/
Line 3
He saw that our hero was a determined and dangerous opponent.
/hiː sɔː ðæt ˈaʊər ˈhɪroʊ wɑːz ə dɪˈtɜːrmənd ənd ˈdeɪndʒərəs əˈpoʊnənt/
Line 4
He had not credited him with such courage and perseverance.
/hiː hæd nɑːt ˈkredətəd hɪm wɪð sʌtʃ ˈkɜːrədʒ ənd ˌpɝː.səˈvɪr.əns/
Line 5
He thought that, being a mere boy, he would be easily intimidated--that opposition and difficulty would daunt him.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

credited adjective US /ˈkredətəd/

(usually followed by “to”) given credit for

From this reading “He had not credited him with such courage and perseverance.”

daunt verb US /dɔːnt/

cause to lose courage

From this reading “He thought that, being a mere boy, he would be easily intimidated--that opposition and difficulty would daunt him.”

Gilbert noun US /ˈɡɪlbərt/

a unit of magnetomotive force equal to 0.7958 ampere-turns

From this reading “While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.”

intimidated adjective US /ˌɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪtɪd/

made timid or fearful as by threats

From this reading “He thought that, being a mere boy, he would be easily intimidated--that opposition and difficulty would daunt him.”

invite verb US /ˌɪnˈvaɪt/

increase the likelihood of

From this reading “While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.”

opponent noun US /əˈpoʊnənt/

a contestant that you are matched against

From this reading “He saw that our hero was a determined and dangerous opponent.”

perseverance noun US /ˌpɝː.səˈvɪr.əns/

Persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in success. (Sự kiên trì, bền bỉ không bỏ cuộc.)

From this reading “He had not credited him with such courage and perseverance.”

Pompey noun US /ˈpɑːmpi/

Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered (106-48 BC)

From this reading “While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

mere boy adjective + noun

In this reading “He thought that, being a mere boy, he would be easily intimidated--that opposition and difficulty would daunt him.”

All words in this reading · 49

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He saw that our hero was a determined and dangerous opponent.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading He thought that, being a mere boy, he would be easily intimidated--that opposition and difficulty would daunt him.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading He thought that, being a mere boy, he would be easily intimidated--that opposition and difficulty would daunt him.

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading He thought that, being a mere boy, he would be easily intimidated--that opposition and difficulty would daunt him.

couragenounUS /ˈkɜːrədʒ/

a quality of spirit that enables you to face danger or pain without showing fear

From this reading He had not credited him with such courage and perseverance.

creditedadjectiveUS /ˈkredətəd/

(usually followed by “to”) given credit for

From this reading He had not credited him with such courage and perseverance.

dangerousadjectiveUS /ˈdeɪndʒərəs/

involving or causing danger or risk; liable to hurt or harm

From this reading He saw that our hero was a determined and dangerous opponent.

dauntverbUS /dɔːnt/

cause to lose courage

From this reading He thought that, being a mere boy, he would be easily intimidated--that opposition and difficulty would daunt him.

determinedadjectiveUS /dɪˈtɜːrmənd/

characterized by great determination

From this reading He saw that our hero was a determined and dangerous opponent.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading He thought that, being a mere boy, he would be easily intimidated--that opposition and difficulty would daunt him.

easilyadverbUS /ˈiːzəli/

with ease (“easy” is sometimes used informally for “easily”)

From this reading He thought that, being a mere boy, he would be easily intimidated--that opposition and difficulty would daunt him.

ENEMYnounUS /ˈenəmi/

an opposing military force

From this reading THE GUEST OF HIS ENEMY.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.

GilbertnounUS /ˈɡɪlbərt/

a unit of magnetomotive force equal to 0.7958 ampere-turns

From this reading While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.

GreyadjectiveUS /ɡreɪ/

of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of white and black

From this reading While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.

GUESTnounUS /ɡest/

a visitor to whom hospitality is extended

From this reading THE GUEST OF HIS ENEMY.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading He had not credited him with such courage and perseverance.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He saw that our hero was a determined and dangerous opponent.

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading He saw that our hero was a determined and dangerous opponent.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.

HISdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE GUEST OF HIS ENEMY.

intimidatedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɪmɪdeɪtɪd/

made timid or fearful as by threats

From this reading He thought that, being a mere boy, he would be easily intimidated--that opposition and difficulty would daunt him.

inviteverbUS /ˌɪnˈvaɪt/

increase the likelihood of

From this reading While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.

librarynounUS /ˈlaɪbreriː/

a room where books are kept

From this reading While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading He thought that, being a mere boy, he would be easily intimidated--that opposition and difficulty would daunt him.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading He had not credited him with such courage and perseverance.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE GUEST OF HIS ENEMY.

opponentnounUS /əˈpoʊnənt/

a contestant that you are matched against

From this reading He saw that our hero was a determined and dangerous opponent.

oppositionnounUS /ˌɑːpəˈzɪʃən/

the action of opposing something that you disapprove or disagree with

From this reading He thought that, being a mere boy, he would be easily intimidated--that opposition and difficulty would daunt him.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading He saw that our hero was a determined and dangerous opponent.

perseverancenounUS /ˌpɝː.səˈvɪr.əns/

Persistence in doing something despite difficulty or delay in success. (Sự kiên trì, bền bỉ không bỏ cuộc.)

From this reading He had not credited him with such courage and perseverance.

PompeynounUS /ˈpɑːmpi/

Roman general and statesman who quarrelled with Caesar and fled to Egypt where he was murdered (106-48 BC)

From this reading While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.

rapidadjectiveUS /ˈræpəd/

done or occurring in a brief period of time

From this reading While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.

reflectionnounUS /rɪˈflekʃən/

a calm, lengthy, intent consideration

From this reading While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading He saw that our hero was a determined and dangerous opponent.

seekverbUS /siːk/

try to get or reach

From this reading While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading He had not credited him with such courage and perseverance.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He saw that our hero was a determined and dangerous opponent.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE GUEST OF HIS ENEMY.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading He thought that, being a mere boy, he would be easily intimidated--that opposition and difficulty would daunt him.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While Pompey was gone to seek Gilbert and invite him to the library, James Grey gave the time to rapid reflection.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He had not credited him with such courage and perseverance.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading He thought that, being a mere boy, he would be easily intimidated--that opposition and difficulty would daunt him.

Chapter 28 of Tom, The Bootblack by Horatio, Jr. Alger holds 173 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 28 of Tom, The Bootblack contain?

Chapter 28 holds 173 sentences of Tom, The Bootblack, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 28 of Tom, The Bootblack by Horatio, Jr. Alger exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 173 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 28 of Tom, The Bootblack?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 28 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 28 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Tom, The Bootblack

Common questions about reading Tom, The Bootblack by Horatio, Jr. Alger on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Tom, The Bootblack?

Yes. All 4823 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26355 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Tom, The Bootblack is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26355, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Tom, The Bootblack take to read?

About 401 minutes of reading across 965 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Tom, The Bootblack section by section

How to work through Tom, The Bootblack section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Tom, The Bootblack

Words and structures a reader meets early in Tom, The Bootblack, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Introducing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tom, The Bootblack; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bootblack
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tom, The Bootblack; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Morning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tom, The Bootblack; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Jacob
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tom, The Bootblack; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.