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Tommy
Tommy

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Tommy is here in full — 251 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Tommy
Context Illustration Reading 1/50 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
What I have related took place on the first Sunday in June in the year 1914.
Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."
Mills had been working overtime, and money had been earned freely.
During the last five years poor men had become rich, while the operatives had had their share in the general prosperity.
This fact was manifest in the general life of the town.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Tommy

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Tommy is here in full — 251 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/50 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
What I have related took place on the first Sunday in June in the year 1914.
Line 2
Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."
Line 3
Mills had been working overtime, and money had been earned freely.
/mɪlz hæd bɪn ˈwɜːrkɪŋ ˈoʊvərtaɪm ənd ˈmʌni hæd bɪn ɜːrnd ˈfriːli/
Line 4
During the last five years poor men had become rich, while the operatives had had their share in the general prosperity.
/ˈdʊrɪŋ ðə læst faɪv jɪrz puːr men hæd bɪˈkʌm rɪtʃ waɪl ðə ˈɑːpərətɪvz hæd hæd ðer ʃer ɪn ðə ˈdʒenərəl prɑːˈsperəti/
Line 5
This fact was manifest in the general life of the town.
/ðɪs fækt wɑːz ˈmænəfest ɪn ðə ˈdʒenərəl laɪf ʌv ðə taʊn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

boom verb US /buːm/

make a resonant sound, like artillery

From this reading “Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."”

earned adjective US /ɜːrnd/

gained or acquired; especially through merit or as a result of effort or action

From this reading “Mills had been working overtime, and money had been earned freely.”

Lancashire noun US /ˈlæŋkəʃaɪr/

a historical area of northwestern England on the Irish Sea; noted for textiles

From this reading “Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."”

manifest verb US /ˈmænəfest/

provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes

From this reading “This fact was manifest in the general life of the town.”

manufacturing noun US /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ/

the act of making something (a product) from raw materials

From this reading “Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."”

Mills noun US /mɪlz/

United States architect who was the presidentially appointed architect of Washington D.C. (1781-1855)

From this reading “Mills had been working overtime, and money had been earned freely.”

operatives noun US /ˈɑːpərətɪvz/

plural of “operative” — a person secretly employed in espionage for a government

From this reading “During the last five years poor men had become rich, while the operatives had had their share in the general prosperity.”

overtime noun US /ˈoʊvərtaɪm/

work done in addition to regular working hours

From this reading “Mills had been working overtime, and money had been earned freely.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1914

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading What I have related took place on the first Sunday in June in the year 1914.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Mills had been working overtime, and money had been earned freely.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading During the last five years poor men had become rich, while the operatives had had their share in the general prosperity.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Mills had been working overtime, and money had been earned freely.

boomverbUS /buːm/

make a resonant sound, like artillery

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

Brunford

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

centrenounUS /ˈsentər/

a low-lying region in central France

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

cottonnounUS /ˈkɑːtən/

soft silky fibers from cotton plants in their raw state

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

districtnounUS /ˈdɪstrɪkt/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During the last five years poor men had become rich, while the operatives had had their share in the general prosperity.

earnedadjectiveUS /ɜːrnd/

gained or acquired; especially through merit or as a result of effort or action

From this reading Mills had been working overtime, and money had been earned freely.

enjoyedverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪd/

past form of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading This fact was manifest in the general life of the town.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading What I have related took place on the first Sunday in June in the year 1914.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading During the last five years poor men had become rich, while the operatives had had their share in the general prosperity.

freelyadverbUS /ˈfriːli/

in a free manner

From this reading Mills had been working overtime, and money had been earned freely.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading During the last five years poor men had become rich, while the operatives had had their share in the general prosperity.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading What I have related took place on the first Sunday in June in the year 1914.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading What I have related took place on the first Sunday in June in the year 1914.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading What I have related took place on the first Sunday in June in the year 1914.

JunenounUS /dʒuːn/

the month following May and preceding July

From this reading What I have related took place on the first Sunday in June in the year 1914.

LancashirenounUS /ˈlæŋkəʃaɪr/

a historical area of northwestern England on the Irish Sea; noted for textiles

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading During the last five years poor men had become rich, while the operatives had had their share in the general prosperity.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading This fact was manifest in the general life of the town.

manifestverbUS /ˈmænəfest/

provide evidence for; stand as proof of; show by one's behavior, attitude, or external attributes

From this reading This fact was manifest in the general life of the town.

manufacturingnounUS /ˌmænjəˈfæktʃərɪŋ/

the act of making something (a product) from raw materials

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading During the last five years poor men had become rich, while the operatives had had their share in the general prosperity.

MillsnounUS /mɪlz/

United States architect who was the presidentially appointed architect of Washington D.C. (1781-1855)

From this reading Mills had been working overtime, and money had been earned freely.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading Mills had been working overtime, and money had been earned freely.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading What I have related took place on the first Sunday in June in the year 1914.

operativesnounUS /ˈɑːpərətɪvz/

plural of “operative” — a person secretly employed in espionage for a government

From this reading During the last five years poor men had become rich, while the operatives had had their share in the general prosperity.

overtimenounUS /ˈoʊvərtaɪm/

work done in addition to regular working hours

From this reading Mills had been working overtime, and money had been earned freely.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading What I have related took place on the first Sunday in June in the year 1914.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading During the last five years poor men had become rich, while the operatives had had their share in the general prosperity.

prosperitynounUS /prɑːˈsperəti/

an economic state of growth with rising profits and full employment

From this reading During the last five years poor men had become rich, while the operatives had had their share in the general prosperity.

relatedadjectiveUS /rɪˈleɪtɪd/

being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics

From this reading What I have related took place on the first Sunday in June in the year 1914.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading During the last five years poor men had become rich, while the operatives had had their share in the general prosperity.

shareverbUS /ʃer/

have in common

From this reading During the last five years poor men had become rich, while the operatives had had their share in the general prosperity.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

SundaynounUS /ˈsʌndeɪ/

first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading What I have related took place on the first Sunday in June in the year 1914.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading What I have related took place on the first Sunday in June in the year 1914.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading During the last five years poor men had become rich, while the operatives had had their share in the general prosperity.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This fact was manifest in the general life of the town.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading What I have related took place on the first Sunday in June in the year 1914.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

tradenounUS /treɪd/

the commercial exchange (buying and selling on domestic or international markets) of goods and services

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

well-nighadverb

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What I have related took place on the first Sunday in June in the year 1914.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Brunford, a large manufacturing town which stood well-nigh in the centre of the cotton district of Lancashire, had enjoyed what was called "a great boom in trade."

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading During the last five years poor men had become rich, while the operatives had had their share in the general prosperity.

workingadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrkɪŋ/

actively engaged in paid work

From this reading Mills had been working overtime, and money had been earned freely.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading What I have related took place on the first Sunday in June in the year 1914.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading During the last five years poor men had become rich, while the operatives had had their share in the general prosperity.

Chapter 3 of Tommy by Joseph Hocking holds 251 sentences, grouped into 51 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Tommy contain?

Chapter 3 holds 251 sentences of Tommy, unabridged, divided into 51 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Tommy by Joseph Hocking exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 251 sentences, grouped into 51 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Tommy?

Work through the 51 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 51 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Tommy

Common questions about reading Tommy by Joseph Hocking on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Tommy?

Yes. All 2400 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #24986 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Tommy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #24986, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Tommy take to read?

About 200 minutes of reading across 480 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Tommy section by section

How to work through Tommy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 12 chapters of Tommy to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Tommy

Words and structures a reader meets early in Tommy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Scrap
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tommy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Paper
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tommy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dearer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tommy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Facing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tommy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.