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Tonio, Son of the Sierras
Tonio, Son of the Sierras

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Tonio, Son of the Sierras is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Tonio, Son of the Sierras
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"The Gray Fox" had but just received his promotion to the star, jumping every colonel in the army.
He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.
For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.
One after another the heads of noted chiefs were bowed, or laid, at his feet.
The pioneers, the settlers, the ranchmen and miners took heart and hope again, and the marauders to the mountains.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Tonio, Son of the Sierras

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Tonio, Son of the Sierras is here in full — 131 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"The Gray Fox" had but just received his promotion to the star, jumping every colonel in the army.
/ðə ɡreɪ fɑːks hæd bʌt dʒʌst rəˈsiːvd hɪz prəˈmoʊʃən tuː ðə stɑːr ˈdʒʌmpɪŋ ˈevəri ˈkɜːrnəl ɪn ðə ˈɑːrmi/
Line 2
He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.
Line 3
For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.
/fɔːr lɔːŋ jɪrz ðə ˈwɔːriərz ʌv ðə ˌerɪˈzoʊnə ˈdezərts ənd ˈmaʊntənz hæd ˈbɪdɪn dɪˈfaɪəns tuː ðə ˈmeθədz ʌv dɪˈpɑːrtmənt kəˈmændərz huː fɔːt ðem frʌm ðer desks æt drʌm ˈbærəks ɔːr ðə ˌɑːksəˈdentəl bʌt dʒɔːrdʒ krʊk keɪm frʌm jɪrz ʌv səkˈsesfəl kæmˈpeɪnɪŋ ˈæftər ˈʌðər traɪbz ənd ɪn ˈpɜːrsən led hɪz ˈtruːpərz tuː ðə siːn ʌv ˈækʃən/
Line 4
One after another the heads of noted chiefs were bowed, or laid, at his feet.
/wʌn ˈæftər əˈnʌðər ðə hedz ʌv ˈnoʊtəd tʃiːfs wɜːr baʊd ɔːr leɪd æt hɪz fiːt/
Line 5
The pioneers, the settlers, the ranchmen and miners took heart and hope again, and the marauders to the mountains.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Apaches noun US /əˈpætʃiz/

plural of “apache” — any member of Athapaskan tribes that migrated to the southwestern desert (from Arizona to Texas and south into Mexico); fought a losing battle from 1861 to 1886 with the United States and were resettled in Oklahoma

From this reading “He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.”

Arizona noun US /ˌerɪˈzoʊnə/

a state in southwestern United States; site of the Grand Canyon

From this reading “For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.”

campaigning noun US /kæmˈpeɪnɪŋ/

the campaign of a candidate to be elected

From this reading “For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.”

desks noun US /desks/

plural of “desk” — a piece of furniture with a writing surface and usually drawers or other compartments

From this reading “For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.”

forfeiting verb US /ˈfɔːrfətɪŋ/

-ing form of “forfeit” — lose (s.th.) or lose the right to (s.th.) by some error, offense, or crime

From this reading “He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.”

marauders noun US /mərˈɔːdərz/

plural of “marauder” — someone who attacks in search of booty

From this reading “The pioneers, the settlers, the ranchmen and miners took heart and hope again, and the marauders to the mountains.”

Occidental noun US /ˌɑːksəˈdentəl/

a native inhabitant of the Occident

From this reading “For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.”

recalcitrant adjective US /rɪˈkælsɪtrənt/

stubbornly resistant to authority or control

From this reading “He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.”

All words in this reading · 106

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

actionnounUS /ˈækʃən/

something done (usually as opposed to something said)

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading The pioneers, the settlers, the ranchmen and miners took heart and hope again, and the marauders to the mountains.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading One after another the heads of noted chiefs were bowed, or laid, at his feet.

ApachesnounUS /əˈpætʃiz/

plural of “apache” — any member of Athapaskan tribes that migrated to the southwestern desert (from Arizona to Texas and south into Mexico); fought a losing battle from 1861 to 1886 with the United States and were resettled in Oklahoma

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

appealsnounUS /əˈpiːlz/

plural of “appeal” — earnest or urgent request

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

ArizonanounUS /ˌerɪˈzoʊnə/

a state in southwestern United States; site of the Grand Canyon

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading "The Gray Fox" had but just received his promotion to the star, jumping every colonel in the army.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

BarracksnounUS /ˈbærəks/

plural of “barrack” — a building or group of buildings used to house military personnel

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

biddenverbUS /ˈbɪdɪn/

inflected form of “bid” — propose a payment

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

bowedadjectiveUS /baʊd/

of a stringed instrument; sounded by stroking with a bow

From this reading One after another the heads of noted chiefs were bowed, or laid, at his feet.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading "The Gray Fox" had but just received his promotion to the star, jumping every colonel in the army.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

campaigningnounUS /kæmˈpeɪnɪŋ/

the campaign of a candidate to be elected

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

chiefsnounUS /tʃiːfs/

plural of “chief” — a person who is in charge

From this reading One after another the heads of noted chiefs were bowed, or laid, at his feet.

colonelnounUS /ˈkɜːrnəl/

a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading "The Gray Fox" had but just received his promotion to the star, jumping every colonel in the army.

commandersnounUS /kəˈmændərz/

plural of “commander” — an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

CommissionersnounUS /kəˈmɪʃənərz/

plural of “commissioner” — a government administrator

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

CrooknounUS /krʊk/

someone who has committed a crime or has been legally convicted of a crime

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

defiancenounUS /dɪˈfaɪəns/

intentionally contemptuous behavior or attitude

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

departmentnounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/

a specialized division of a large organization

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

desertsnounUS /ˈdezərts/

plural of “desert” — arid land with little or no vegetation

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

desksnounUS /desks/

plural of “desk” — a piece of furniture with a writing surface and usually drawers or other compartments

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

doingverbUS /ˈduːɪŋ/

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

DrumnounUS /drʌm/

a musical percussion instrument; usually consists of a hollow cylinder with a membrane stretched across each end

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading "The Gray Fox" had but just received his promotion to the star, jumping every colonel in the army.

feetnounUS /fiːt/

plural of “foot” — the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading One after another the heads of noted chiefs were bowed, or laid, at his feet.

fieldsnounUS /fiːldz/

United States comedian and film actor (1880-1946)

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

forfeitingverbUS /ˈfɔːrfətɪŋ/

-ing form of “forfeit” — lose (s.th.) or lose the right to (s.th.) by some error, offense, or crime

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

foughtverbUS /fɔːt/

inflected form of “fight” — be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

FoxnounUS /fɑːks/

alert carnivorous mammal with pointed muzzle and ears and a bushy tail; most are predators that do not hunt in packs

From this reading "The Gray Fox" had but just received his promotion to the star, jumping every colonel in the army.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

GraynounUS /ɡreɪ/

a neutral achromatic color midway between white and black

From this reading "The Gray Fox" had but just received his promotion to the star, jumping every colonel in the army.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading "The Gray Fox" had but just received his promotion to the star, jumping every colonel in the army.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading One after another the heads of noted chiefs were bowed, or laid, at his feet.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading The pioneers, the settlers, the ranchmen and miners took heart and hope again, and the marauders to the mountains.

heedingverbUS /ˈhiːdɪŋ/

-ing form of “heed” — pay close attention to; give heed to

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading "The Gray Fox" had but just received his promotion to the star, jumping every colonel in the army.

honoredadjectiveUS /ˈɑːnərd/

having an illustrious reputation; respected

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading The pioneers, the settlers, the ranchmen and miners took heart and hope again, and the marauders to the mountains.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "The Gray Fox" had but just received his promotion to the star, jumping every colonel in the army.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

jumpingnounUS /ˈdʒʌmpɪŋ/

the act of participating in an athletic competition in which you must jump

From this reading "The Gray Fox" had but just received his promotion to the star, jumping every colonel in the army.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading "The Gray Fox" had but just received his promotion to the star, jumping every colonel in the army.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading One after another the heads of noted chiefs were bowed, or laid, at his feet.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

lucknounUS /lʌk/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

maraudersnounUS /mərˈɔːdərz/

plural of “marauder” — someone who attacks in search of booty

From this reading The pioneers, the settlers, the ranchmen and miners took heart and hope again, and the marauders to the mountains.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

methodsnounUS /ˈmeθədz/

plural of “method” — a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

mightyadjectiveUS /ˈmaɪti/

having or showing great strength or force or intensity

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

minersnounUS /ˈmaɪnərz/

plural of “miner” — laborer who works in a mine

From this reading The pioneers, the settlers, the ranchmen and miners took heart and hope again, and the marauders to the mountains.

Modocs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

notedadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəd/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading One after another the heads of noted chiefs were bowed, or laid, at his feet.

OccidentalnounUS /ˌɑːksəˈdentəl/

a native inhabitant of the Occident

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

officersnounUS /ˈɔːfəsərz/

plural of “officer” — any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

PeacenounUS /piːs/

the state prevailing during the absence of war

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

pioneersnounUS /ˌpaɪəˈnɪrz/

plural of “pioneer” — someone who helps to open up a new line of research or technology or art

From this reading The pioneers, the settlers, the ranchmen and miners took heart and hope again, and the marauders to the mountains.

promotionnounUS /prəˈmoʊʃən/

a message issued in behalf of some product or cause or idea or person or institution

From this reading "The Gray Fox" had but just received his promotion to the star, jumping every colonel in the army.

ranchmen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The pioneers, the settlers, the ranchmen and miners took heart and hope again, and the marauders to the mountains.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

recalcitrantadjectiveUS /rɪˈkælsɪtrənt/

stubbornly resistant to authority or control

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading "The Gray Fox" had but just received his promotion to the star, jumping every colonel in the army.

respectiveadjectiveUS /rɪˈspektɪv/

considered individually

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

settlersnounUS /ˈsetlərz/

plural of “settler” — a person who settles in a new colony or moves into new country

From this reading The pioneers, the settlers, the ranchmen and miners took heart and hope again, and the marauders to the mountains.

sophistries

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

starnounUS /stɑːr/

(astronomy) a celestial body of hot gases that radiates energy derived from thermonuclear reactions in the interior

From this reading "The Gray Fox" had but just received his promotion to the star, jumping every colonel in the army.

successfuladjectiveUS /səkˈsesfəl/

having succeeded or being marked by a favorable outcome

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "The Gray Fox" had but just received his promotion to the star, jumping every colonel in the army.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "The Gray Fox" had but just received his promotion to the star, jumping every colonel in the army.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading The pioneers, the settlers, the ranchmen and miners took heart and hope again, and the marauders to the mountains.

tribesnounUS /traɪbz/

plural of “tribe” — a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

troopersnounUS /ˈtruːpərz/

plural of “trooper” — a soldier in a motorized army unit

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

valuedadjectiveUS /ˈvæljuːd/

(usually used in combination) having value of a specified kind

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

warriorsnounUS /ˈwɔːriərz/

plural of “warrior” — someone engaged in or experienced in warfare

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading He had been doing mighty work among the recalcitrant Apaches at a time when other commanders were having hard luck in their respective fields--one, indeed, forfeiting his own honored and valued life through heeding the sophistries of the Peace Commissioners rather than the appeals of officers and men who long had known the Modocs.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading For long years the warriors of the Arizona deserts and mountains had bidden defiance to the methods of department commanders who fought them from their desks at Drum Barracks, or the Occidental, but George Crook came from years of successful campaigning after other tribes, and in person led his troopers to the scene of action.

Chapter 8 of Tonio, Son of the Sierras by Charles King holds 131 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Tonio, Son of the Sierras contain?

Chapter 8 holds 131 sentences of Tonio, Son of the Sierras, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Tonio, Son of the Sierras by Charles King exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 131 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Tonio, Son of the Sierras?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Tonio, Son of the Sierras

Common questions about reading Tonio, Son of the Sierras by Charles King on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Tonio, Son of the Sierras?

Yes. All 4016 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #23487 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Tonio, Son of the Sierras is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #23487, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Tonio, Son of the Sierras take to read?

About 334 minutes of reading across 804 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Tonio, Son of the Sierras section by section

How to work through Tonio, Son of the Sierras section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Tonio, Son of the Sierras

Words and structures a reader meets early in Tonio, Son of the Sierras, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Never
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tonio, Son of the Sierras; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Asked
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tonio, Son of the Sierras; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Latest
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tonio, Son of the Sierras; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Arrival
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tonio, Son of the Sierras; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.