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Town and Country
Town and Country

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Town and Country is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.
For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.
And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.
Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.
Next was the cot of the pastor.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Town and Country

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of Town and Country is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.
/ɪt wɑːz æt ðə kloʊs ʌv ə ˈbjuːtəfəl ɔːˈtʌmnəl deɪ ðæt ˈedwərd ˈdeɪtən wɑːz tuː liːv ðə pleɪs ʌv hɪz nəˈtɪvəti/
Line 2
For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.
/fɔːr ˈmeni jɪrz hiː hæd lʊkt ˈfɔːrwərd ɪn ˈdʒɔɪəs ænˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən tuː ðə taɪm wen hiː ʃʊd rɪˈper tuː ðə ˈsɪti ənd ˈentər əˈpɑːn ðə ˈbɪznəs ʌv laɪf/
Line 3
And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.
Line 4
Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.
Line 5
Next was the cot of the pastor.
/nekst wɑːz ðə kɑːt ʌv ðə ˈpæstər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

autumnal adjective US /ɔːˈtʌmnəl/

of or characteristic of or occurring in autumn

From this reading “IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.”

cot noun US /kɑːt/

a sheath worn to protect a finger

From this reading “Next was the cot of the pastor.”

Dayton noun US /ˈdeɪtən/

a city in southwest Ohio; manufacturing center

From this reading “IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.”

glistened verb US /ˈɡlɪsənd/

past form of “glisten” — be shiny, as if wet

From this reading “Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.”

nativity noun US /nəˈtɪvəti/

the event of being born

From this reading “IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.”

rearing noun US /ˈrɪrɪŋ/

the properties acquired as a consequence of the way you were treated as a child

From this reading “Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.”

retrospective noun US /ˌretrəˈspektɪv/

an exhibition of a representative selection of an artist's life work

From this reading “And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.”

steeple noun US /ˈstiːpəl/

a tall tower that forms the superstructure of a building (usually a church or temple) and that tapers to a point at the top

From this reading “Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

adieunounUS /əˈduː/

a farewell remark

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

aislenounUS /aɪl/

a long narrow passage (as in a cave or woods)

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

anticipationnounUS /ænˌtɪsəˈpeɪʃən/

an expectation

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.

autumnaladjectiveUS /ɔːˈtʌmnəl/

of or characteristic of or occurring in autumn

From this reading IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.

bidverbUS /bɪd/

propose a payment

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

childhoodnounUS /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/

the time of person's life when they are a child

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

closeadjectiveUS /kloʊs/

at or within a short distance in space or time or having elements near each other

From this reading IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.

companionsnounUS /kəmˈpænjənz/

plural of “companion” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

cotnounUS /kɑːt/

a sheath worn to protect a finger

From this reading Next was the cot of the pastor.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.

DaytonnounUS /ˈdeɪtən/

a city in southwest Ohio; manufacturing center

From this reading IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.

enterverbUS /ˈentər/

to come or go into

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

glanceverbUS /ɡlæns/

throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

glistenedverbUS /ˈɡlɪsənd/

past form of “glisten” — be shiny, as if wet

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

ITpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

joyousadjectiveUS /ˈdʒɔɪəs/

full of or characterized by joy

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

looked-for

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

nativitynounUS /nəˈtɪvəti/

the event of being born

From this reading IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

NextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Next was the cot of the pastor.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

pastornounUS /ˈpæstər/

a person authorized to conduct religious worship

From this reading Next was the cot of the pastor.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.

rearingnounUS /ˈrɪrɪŋ/

the properties acquired as a consequence of the way you were treated as a child

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

repairnounUS /rɪˈper/

the act of putting something in working order again

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

retrospectivenounUS /ˌretrəˈspektɪv/

an exhibition of a representative selection of an artist's life work

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

rudelyadverbUS /ˈruːdli/

in an impolite manner

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

sacredadjectiveUS /ˈseɪkrəd/

concerned with religion or religious purposes

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

scenesnounUS /siːnz/

plural of “scene” — the place where some action occurs

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

scoresnounUS /skɔːrz/

a large number or amount

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

steeplenounUS /ˈstiːpəl/

a tall tower that forms the superstructure of a building (usually a church or temple) and that tapers to a point at the top

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

tearverbUS /ter/

separate or cause to separate abruptly

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

thoughtnounUS /θɔːt/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

uncarpetedadjective

not carpeted

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading IT was at the close of a beautiful autumnal day that Edward Dayton was to leave the place of his nativity.

welladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

wipeverbUS /waɪp/

rub with a circular motion

From this reading Not far distant, rearing its clear white steeple far above the trees, stood the village church, up the broad, uncarpeted aisle of which he had scores of times passed; and, as the thought that he might never again enter those sacred walls came to his mind, a tear glistened in his eye that he could not rudely wipe away.

wished-foradjective

greatly desired

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading For many years he had looked forward, in joyous anticipation, to the time when he should repair to the city, and enter upon the business of life.

youthnounUS /juːθ/

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading And now that that long looked-for and wished-for day had arrived, when he was to bid an adieu to the companions of his youth, and to all the scenes of his childhood, it was well for him to cast a retrospective glance; and so he did.

Chapter 4 of Town and Country by John S. (John Stowell) Adams holds 40 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Town and Country contain?

Chapter 4 holds 40 sentences of Town and Country, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Town and Country by John S. (John Stowell) Adams exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 40 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Town and Country?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Town and Country

Common questions about reading Town and Country by John S. (John Stowell) Adams on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Town and Country?

Yes. All 4543 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4669 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Town and Country is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4669, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Town and Country take to read?

About 378 minutes of reading across 909 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Town and Country section by section

How to work through Town and Country section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Town and Country to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Town and Country

Words and structures a reader meets early in Town and Country, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Stern
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Town and Country; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gruff
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Town and Country; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Voice
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Town and Country; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Addressing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Town and Country; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.