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Toy-Making in School and Home
Toy-Making in School and Home

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Toy-Making in School and Home is here in full — 46 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Toy-Making in School and Home
Context Illustration Reading 1/9 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
CARDBOARD AND PAPER SHIPS (PLATE IV) An interesting series of ships can be made of cardboard and paper.
These ships can be used to illustrate the history lesson or to illustrate a lesson on the evolution of the ship.
=Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.
=The Viking Ship= (Fig. 170).
Give the children oblong pieces of cardboard, A B C D, about 8-1/2 inches by 2-1/2 inches.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Toy-Making in School and Home

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Toy-Making in School and Home is here in full — 46 sentences across 10 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/9 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CARDBOARD AND PAPER SHIPS (PLATE IV) An interesting series of ships can be made of cardboard and paper.
Line 2
These ships can be used to illustrate the history lesson or to illustrate a lesson on the evolution of the ship.
/ðiːz ʃɪps kæn biː juːzd tuː ˈɪləstreɪt ðə ˈhɪstəri ˈlesən ɔːr tuː ˈɪləstreɪt ə ˈlesən ɑːn ðə ˌevəˈluːʃən ʌv ðə ʃɪp/
Line 3
=Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.
Line 4
=The Viking Ship= (Fig. 170).
Line 5
Give the children oblong pieces of cardboard, A B C D, about 8-1/2 inches by 2-1/2 inches.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cardboard noun US /ˈkɑːrdbɔːrd/

a stiff moderately thick paper

From this reading “CARDBOARD AND PAPER SHIPS (PLATE IV) An interesting series of ships can be made of cardboard and paper.”

cartridge noun US /ˈkɑːrtrədʒ/

ammunition consisting of a cylindrical casing containing an explosive charge and a bullet; fired from a rifle or handgun

From this reading “=Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.”

chalks noun US /tʃɔːks/

plural of “chalk” — a soft whitish calcite

From this reading “=Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.”

evolution noun US /ˌevəˈluːʃən/

a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)

From this reading “These ships can be used to illustrate the history lesson or to illustrate a lesson on the evolution of the ship.”

illustrate verb US /ˈɪləstreɪt/

clarify by giving an example of

From this reading “These ships can be used to illustrate the history lesson or to illustrate a lesson on the evolution of the ship.”

oblong adjective US /ˈɑːblɔːŋ/

(of a leaf shape) having a somewhat elongated form with approximately parallel sides

From this reading “Give the children oblong pieces of cardboard, A B C D, about 8-1/2 inches by 2-1/2 inches.”

thickness noun US /ˈθɪknəs/

the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width

From this reading “=Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.”

Viking noun US /ˈvaɪkɪŋ/

any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries

From this reading “=The Viking Ship= (Fig. 170).”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Give the children oblong pieces of cardboard, A B C D, about 8-1/2 inches by 2-1/2 inches.

170

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading =The Viking Ship= (Fig. 170).

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Give the children oblong pieces of cardboard, A B C D, about 8-1/2 inches by 2-1/2 inches.

8

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Give the children oblong pieces of cardboard, A B C D, about 8-1/2 inches by 2-1/2 inches.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading These ships can be used to illustrate the history lesson or to illustrate a lesson on the evolution of the ship.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Give the children oblong pieces of cardboard, A B C D, about 8-1/2 inches by 2-1/2 inches.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading CARDBOARD AND PAPER SHIPS (PLATE IV) An interesting series of ships can be made of cardboard and paper.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading CARDBOARD AND PAPER SHIPS (PLATE IV) An interesting series of ships can be made of cardboard and paper.

BnounUS /biː/

aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations; found primarily in soil

From this reading Give the children oblong pieces of cardboard, A B C D, about 8-1/2 inches by 2-1/2 inches.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading CARDBOARD AND PAPER SHIPS (PLATE IV) An interesting series of ships can be made of cardboard and paper.

bendverbUS /bend/

form a curve

From this reading =Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Give the children oblong pieces of cardboard, A B C D, about 8-1/2 inches by 2-1/2 inches.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading Give the children oblong pieces of cardboard, A B C D, about 8-1/2 inches by 2-1/2 inches.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading CARDBOARD AND PAPER SHIPS (PLATE IV) An interesting series of ships can be made of cardboard and paper.

CARDBOARDnounUS /ˈkɑːrdbɔːrd/

a stiff moderately thick paper

From this reading CARDBOARD AND PAPER SHIPS (PLATE IV) An interesting series of ships can be made of cardboard and paper.

cartridgenounUS /ˈkɑːrtrədʒ/

ammunition consisting of a cylindrical casing containing an explosive charge and a bullet; fired from a rifle or handgun

From this reading =Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.

chalksnounUS /tʃɔːks/

plural of “chalk” — a soft whitish calcite

From this reading =Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading Give the children oblong pieces of cardboard, A B C D, about 8-1/2 inches by 2-1/2 inches.

colouredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌlərd/

having color or a certain color; sometimes used in combination

From this reading =Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading =Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading Give the children oblong pieces of cardboard, A B C D, about 8-1/2 inches by 2-1/2 inches.

difficultadjectiveUS /ˈdɪfəkəlt/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading =Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.

evolutionnounUS /ˌevəˈluːʃən/

a process in which something passes by degrees to a different stage (especially a more advanced or mature stage)

From this reading These ships can be used to illustrate the history lesson or to illustrate a lesson on the evolution of the ship.

exercisenounUS /ˈeksərsaɪz/

the activity of exerting your muscles in various ways to keep fit

From this reading =Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.

FignounUS /fɪɡ/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading =The Viking Ship= (Fig. 170).

GiveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Give the children oblong pieces of cardboard, A B C D, about 8-1/2 inches by 2-1/2 inches.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading These ships can be used to illustrate the history lesson or to illustrate a lesson on the evolution of the ship.

illustrateverbUS /ˈɪləstreɪt/

clarify by giving an example of

From this reading These ships can be used to illustrate the history lesson or to illustrate a lesson on the evolution of the ship.

inchesnounUS /ˈɪntʃəz/

plural of “inch” — a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot

From this reading Give the children oblong pieces of cardboard, A B C D, about 8-1/2 inches by 2-1/2 inches.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading CARDBOARD AND PAPER SHIPS (PLATE IV) An interesting series of ships can be made of cardboard and paper.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading =Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.

IVnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading CARDBOARD AND PAPER SHIPS (PLATE IV) An interesting series of ships can be made of cardboard and paper.

lessonnounUS /ˈlesən/

a unit of instruction

From this reading These ships can be used to illustrate the history lesson or to illustrate a lesson on the evolution of the ship.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading CARDBOARD AND PAPER SHIPS (PLATE IV) An interesting series of ships can be made of cardboard and paper.

MaterialsnounUS /məˈtɪriəlz/

plural of “material” — the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading =Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.

mediumnounUS /ˈmiːdiəm/

a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information

From this reading =Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.

oblongadjectiveUS /ˈɑːblɔːŋ/

(of a leaf shape) having a somewhat elongated form with approximately parallel sides

From this reading Give the children oblong pieces of cardboard, A B C D, about 8-1/2 inches by 2-1/2 inches.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading CARDBOARD AND PAPER SHIPS (PLATE IV) An interesting series of ships can be made of cardboard and paper.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading These ships can be used to illustrate the history lesson or to illustrate a lesson on the evolution of the ship.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading These ships can be used to illustrate the history lesson or to illustrate a lesson on the evolution of the ship.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading =Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.

PAPERnounUS /ˈpeɪpər/

a material made of cellulose pulp derived mainly from wood or rags or certain grasses

From this reading CARDBOARD AND PAPER SHIPS (PLATE IV) An interesting series of ships can be made of cardboard and paper.

pen-knife

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading =Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading Give the children oblong pieces of cardboard, A B C D, about 8-1/2 inches by 2-1/2 inches.

PLATEnounUS /pleɪt/

(baseball) base consisting of a rubber slab where the batter stands; it must be touched by a base runner in order to score

From this reading CARDBOARD AND PAPER SHIPS (PLATE IV) An interesting series of ships can be made of cardboard and paper.

rulernounUS /ˈruːlər/

a person who rules or commands

From this reading =Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.

scissorsnounUS /ˈsɪzərz/

an edge tool having two crossed pivoting blades

From this reading =Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.

seriesnounUS /ˈsɪriz/

similar things placed in order or happening one after another

From this reading CARDBOARD AND PAPER SHIPS (PLATE IV) An interesting series of ships can be made of cardboard and paper.

shipverbUS /ʃɪp/

transport commercially

From this reading These ships can be used to illustrate the history lesson or to illustrate a lesson on the evolution of the ship.

SHIPSnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading CARDBOARD AND PAPER SHIPS (PLATE IV) An interesting series of ships can be made of cardboard and paper.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading These ships can be used to illustrate the history lesson or to illustrate a lesson on the evolution of the ship.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These ships can be used to illustrate the history lesson or to illustrate a lesson on the evolution of the ship.

thickadjectiveUS /θɪk/

not thin; of a specific thickness or of relatively great extent from one surface to the opposite usually in the smallest of the three solid dimensions

From this reading =Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.

thicknessnounUS /ˈθɪknəs/

the dimension through an object as opposed to its length or width

From this reading =Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.

thinadjectiveUS /θɪn/

Having little thickness or extent.

From this reading =Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading These ships can be used to illustrate the history lesson or to illustrate a lesson on the evolution of the ship.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading These ships can be used to illustrate the history lesson or to illustrate a lesson on the evolution of the ship.

VikingnounUS /ˈvaɪkɪŋ/

any of the Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of Europe from the 8th to the 11th centuries

From this reading =The Viking Ship= (Fig. 170).

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading =Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading =Materials.= Cardboard of medium thickness (thin cardboard will bend and thick is difficult to cut), white paper--cartridge paper or ordinary exercise paper--and coloured paper or chalks, scissors and pen-knife, ruler.

Chapter 8 of Toy-Making in School and Home by R. K. (Ruby Kathleen) Polkinghorne holds 46 sentences, grouped into 10 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Toy-Making in School and Home contain?

Chapter 8 holds 46 sentences of Toy-Making in School and Home, unabridged, divided into 10 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Toy-Making in School and Home by R. K. (Ruby Kathleen) Polkinghorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 46 sentences, grouped into 10 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Toy-Making in School and Home?

Work through the 10 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 10 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Toy-Making in School and Home

Common questions about reading Toy-Making in School and Home by R. K. (Ruby Kathleen) Polkinghorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Toy-Making in School and Home?

Yes. All 3320 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45775 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Toy-Making in School and Home is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45775, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Toy-Making in School and Home take to read?

About 276 minutes of reading across 664 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Toy-Making in School and Home section by section

How to work through Toy-Making in School and Home section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Toy-Making in School and Home to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Toy-Making in School and Home

Words and structures a reader meets early in Toy-Making in School and Home, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Toy-Making in School and Home; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Carat
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Toy-Making in School and Home; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Character
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Toy-Making in School and Home; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Denote
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Toy-Making in School and Home; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.