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Toy-Making in School and Home
Toy-Making in School and Home

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Toy-Making in School and Home is here in full — 147 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Toy-Making in School and Home
Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
WAR ENGINES PAST AND PRESENT =A War Engine= (Plate XIII).
This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.
The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.
If made of stripwood, grooves can be filed in the two bottom pieces to make holes, E, when these pieces are glued together.
A round rod passes through these holes to form a windlass.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Toy-Making in School and Home

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Toy-Making in School and Home is here in full — 147 sentences across 30 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WAR ENGINES PAST AND PRESENT =A War Engine= (Plate XIII).
Line 2
This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.
Line 3
The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.
Line 4
If made of stripwood, grooves can be filed in the two bottom pieces to make holes, E, when these pieces are glued together.
Line 5
A round rod passes through these holes to form a windlass.
/ə raʊnd rɑːd ˈpæsəz θruː ðiːz hoʊlz tuː fɔːrm ə ˈwɪndləs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

artillery noun US /ɑːrˈtɪləri/

large but transportable armament

From this reading “This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.”

crusade noun US /kruːˈseɪd/

a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end

From this reading “This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.”

engines noun US /ˈendʒənz/

plural of “engine” — motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading “WAR ENGINES PAST AND PRESENT =A War Engine= (Plate XIII).”

Fig noun US /fɪɡ/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading “The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.”

filed verb US /faɪld/

past form of “file” — record in a public office or in a court of law

From this reading “If made of stripwood, grooves can be filed in the two bottom pieces to make holes, E, when these pieces are glued together.”

glued adjective US /ɡluːd/

affixed or as if affixed with glue or paste

From this reading “If made of stripwood, grooves can be filed in the two bottom pieces to make holes, E, when these pieces are glued together.”

grooves noun US /ɡruːvz/

plural of “groove” — a long narrow furrow cut either by a natural process (such as erosion) or by a tool (as e.g. a groove in a phonograph record)

From this reading “If made of stripwood, grooves can be filed in the two bottom pieces to make holes, E, when these pieces are glued together.”

windlass noun US /ˈwɪndləs/

lifting device consisting of a horizontal cylinder turned by a crank on which a cable or rope winds

From this reading “A round rod passes through these holes to form a windlass.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

passes through verb + particle counted as “pass through”

make a passage or journey from one place to another

In this reading “A round rod passes through these holes to form a windlass.”

at the time preposition + article + noun counted as “at … time”

simultaneously

In this reading “This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

325

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading WAR ENGINES PAST AND PRESENT =A War Engine= (Plate XIII).

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading WAR ENGINES PAST AND PRESENT =A War Engine= (Plate XIII).

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

artillerynounUS /ɑːrˈtɪləri/

large but transportable armament

From this reading This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.

BnounUS /biː/

aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations; found primarily in soil

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

bottomnounUS /ˈbɑːtəm/

the lower side of anything

From this reading If made of stripwood, grooves can be filed in the two bottom pieces to make holes, E, when these pieces are glued together.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading If made of stripwood, grooves can be filed in the two bottom pieces to make holes, E, when these pieces are glued together.

cigar-box

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

crusadenounUS /kruːˈseɪd/

a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end

From this reading This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

EnounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading If made of stripwood, grooves can be filed in the two bottom pieces to make holes, E, when these pieces are glued together.

EnginenounUS /ˈendʒən/

motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading WAR ENGINES PAST AND PRESENT =A War Engine= (Plate XIII).

ENGINESnounUS /ˈendʒənz/

plural of “engine” — motor that converts thermal energy to mechanical work

From this reading WAR ENGINES PAST AND PRESENT =A War Engine= (Plate XIII).

FignounUS /fɪɡ/

a diagram or picture illustrating textual material

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

filedverbUS /faɪld/

past form of “file” — record in a public office or in a court of law

From this reading If made of stripwood, grooves can be filed in the two bottom pieces to make holes, E, when these pieces are glued together.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading A round rod passes through these holes to form a windlass.

gluedadjectiveUS /ɡluːd/

affixed or as if affixed with glue or paste

From this reading If made of stripwood, grooves can be filed in the two bottom pieces to make holes, E, when these pieces are glued together.

groovesnounUS /ɡruːvz/

plural of “groove” — a long narrow furrow cut either by a natural process (such as erosion) or by a tool (as e.g. a groove in a phonograph record)

From this reading If made of stripwood, grooves can be filed in the two bottom pieces to make holes, E, when these pieces are glued together.

holesnounUS /hoʊlz/

plural of “hole” — an opening into or through something

From this reading If made of stripwood, grooves can be filed in the two bottom pieces to make holes, E, when these pieces are glued together.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If made of stripwood, grooves can be filed in the two bottom pieces to make holes, E, when these pieces are glued together.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

inchnounUS /ɪntʃ/

a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

inchesnounUS /ˈɪntʃəz/

plural of “inch” — a unit of length equal to one twelfth of a foot

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading If made of stripwood, grooves can be filed in the two bottom pieces to make holes, E, when these pieces are glued together.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

modelnounUS /ˈmɑːdəl/

a hypothetical description of a complex entity or process

From this reading This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

passesnounUS /ˈpæsəz/

plural of “pass” — (baseball) an advance to first base by a batter who receives four balls

From this reading A round rod passes through these holes to form a windlass.

PASTnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading WAR ENGINES PAST AND PRESENT =A War Engine= (Plate XIII).

piecenounUS /piːs/

a separate part of a whole

From this reading This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

PlatenounUS /pleɪt/

(baseball) base consisting of a rubber slab where the batter stands; it must be touched by a base runner in order to score

From this reading WAR ENGINES PAST AND PRESENT =A War Engine= (Plate XIII).

PRESENTverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading WAR ENGINES PAST AND PRESENT =A War Engine= (Plate XIII).

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.

rodnounUS /rɑːd/

a long thin implement made of metal or wood

From this reading A round rod passes through these holes to form a windlass.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading A round rod passes through these holes to form a windlass.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.

stripwood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading If made of stripwood, grooves can be filed in the two bottom pieces to make holes, E, when these pieces are glued together.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading A round rod passes through these holes to form a windlass.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading If made of stripwood, grooves can be filed in the two bottom pieces to make holes, E, when these pieces are glued together.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading If made of stripwood, grooves can be filed in the two bottom pieces to make holes, E, when these pieces are glued together.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The sides (A B C D in Fig. 325) are built up of pieces of stripwood 1/4 inch by 1/4 inch, length about 3 inches, or the sides may be pieces of cigar-box.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.

WARnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading WAR ENGINES PAST AND PRESENT =A War Engine= (Plate XIII).

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This piece of artillery was used at the time of the crusade of Richard I. It is a simple and interesting model to make.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading If made of stripwood, grooves can be filed in the two bottom pieces to make holes, E, when these pieces are glued together.

windlassnounUS /ˈwɪndləs/

lifting device consisting of a horizontal cylinder turned by a crank on which a cable or rope winds

From this reading A round rod passes through these holes to form a windlass.

XIIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of twelve and one

From this reading WAR ENGINES PAST AND PRESENT =A War Engine= (Plate XIII).

Chapter 23 of Toy-Making in School and Home by R. K. (Ruby Kathleen) Polkinghorne holds 147 sentences, grouped into 30 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Toy-Making in School and Home contain?

Chapter 23 holds 147 sentences of Toy-Making in School and Home, unabridged, divided into 30 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Toy-Making in School and Home by R. K. (Ruby Kathleen) Polkinghorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 147 sentences, grouped into 30 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Toy-Making in School and Home?

Work through the 30 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 30 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Toy-Making in School and Home

Common questions about reading Toy-Making in School and Home by R. K. (Ruby Kathleen) Polkinghorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Toy-Making in School and Home?

Yes. All 3320 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45775 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Toy-Making in School and Home is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45775, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Toy-Making in School and Home take to read?

About 276 minutes of reading across 664 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Toy-Making in School and Home section by section

How to work through Toy-Making in School and Home section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Toy-Making in School and Home

Words and structures a reader meets early in Toy-Making in School and Home, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Toy-Making in School and Home; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Carat
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Toy-Making in School and Home; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Character
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Toy-Making in School and Home; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Denote
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Toy-Making in School and Home; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.