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Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1
Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 is here in full — 359 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1
Context Illustration Reading 1/71 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.
Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.
The consideration whereof, as it hath made me all the more needy not to displease any, to hath it given not the less hope of pleasing all."
VERSTEGAN, _Rest. dec.
Ant._ JOHN ROBY, M.R.S.L.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 is here in full — 359 sentences across 72 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/71 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.
Line 2
Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.
Line 3
The consideration whereof, as it hath made me all the more needy not to displease any, to hath it given not the less hope of pleasing all."
Line 4
VERSTEGAN, _Rest. dec.
Line 5
Ant._ JOHN ROBY, M.R.S.L.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Ant noun US /ænt/

social insect living in organized colonies; characteristically the males and fertile queen have wings during breeding season; wingless sterile females are the workers

From this reading “Ant._ JOHN ROBY, M.R.S.L.”

circumspection noun US /ˌsɜːrkəmˈspekʃən/

knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress

From this reading “Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.”

dec noun US /dek/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading “VERSTEGAN, _Rest. dec.”

displease verb US /dɪˈspliːz/

give displeasure to

From this reading “The consideration whereof, as it hath made me all the more needy not to displease any, to hath it given not the less hope of pleasing all."”

herein adverb US /hɪˈrɪn/

in this place or thing or document

From this reading “"I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.”

needy adjective US /ˈniːdi/

poor enough to need help from others

From this reading “The consideration whereof, as it hath made me all the more needy not to displease any, to hath it given not the less hope of pleasing all."”

publishing noun US /ˈpʌblɪʃɪŋ/

the business of issuing printed matter for sale or distribution

From this reading “Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.”

wariness noun US /ˈwerinɪs/

the trait of being cautious and watchful

From this reading “Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The consideration whereof, as it hath made me all the more needy not to displease any, to hath it given not the less hope of pleasing all."

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

AntnounUS /ænt/

social insect living in organized colonies; characteristically the males and fertile queen have wings during breeding season; wingless sterile females are the workers

From this reading Ant._ JOHN ROBY, M.R.S.L.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading The consideration whereof, as it hath made me all the more needy not to displease any, to hath it given not the less hope of pleasing all."

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

censures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

circumspectionnounUS /ˌsɜːrkəmˈspekʃən/

knowing how to avoid embarrassment or distress

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

considerationnounUS /kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən/

the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading The consideration whereof, as it hath made me all the more needy not to displease any, to hath it given not the less hope of pleasing all."

controulment

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

curiousadjectiveUS /ˈkjʊriəs/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

decnounUS /dek/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading VERSTEGAN, _Rest. dec.

displeaseverbUS /dɪˈspliːz/

give displeasure to

From this reading The consideration whereof, as it hath made me all the more needy not to displease any, to hath it given not the less hope of pleasing all."

endureverbUS /enˈdjʊr/

put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading The consideration whereof, as it hath made me all the more needy not to displease any, to hath it given not the less hope of pleasing all."

hathauxiliary verbUS /hæθ/

an old form of “has”

From this reading The consideration whereof, as it hath made me all the more needy not to displease any, to hath it given not the less hope of pleasing all."

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

hereinadverbUS /hɪˈrɪn/

in this place or thing or document

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading The consideration whereof, as it hath made me all the more needy not to displease any, to hath it given not the less hope of pleasing all."

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The consideration whereof, as it hath made me all the more needy not to displease any, to hath it given not the less hope of pleasing all."

JOHNnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading Ant._ JOHN ROBY, M.R.S.L.

judgesnounUS /ˈdʒʌdʒɪz/

a book of the Old Testament that tells the history of Israel under the leaders known as judges

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

LnounUS /el/

a metric unit of capacity, formerly defined as the volume of one kilogram of pure water under standard conditions; now equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters (or approximately 1.75 pints)

From this reading Ant._ JOHN ROBY, M.R.S.L.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading The consideration whereof, as it hath made me all the more needy not to displease any, to hath it given not the less hope of pleasing all."

likest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading Ant._ JOHN ROBY, M.R.S.L.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

needyadjectiveUS /ˈniːdi/

poor enough to need help from others

From this reading The consideration whereof, as it hath made me all the more needy not to displease any, to hath it given not the less hope of pleasing all."

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The consideration whereof, as it hath made me all the more needy not to displease any, to hath it given not the less hope of pleasing all."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

pleasingadjectiveUS /ˈpliːzɪŋ/

giving pleasure and satisfaction

From this reading The consideration whereof, as it hath made me all the more needy not to displease any, to hath it given not the less hope of pleasing all."

publishingnounUS /ˈpʌblɪʃɪŋ/

the business of issuing printed matter for sale or distribution

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

RnounUS /ɑːr/

a unit of radiation exposure; the dose of ionizing radiation that will produce 1 electrostatic unit of electricity in 1 cc of dry air

From this reading Ant._ JOHN ROBY, M.R.S.L.

receiveverbUS /rəˈsiːv/

get something; come into possession of

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

RestverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading VERSTEGAN, _Rest. dec.

ROBY

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ant._ JOHN ROBY, M.R.S.L.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Ant._ JOHN ROBY, M.R.S.L.

sentencenounUS /ˈsentəns/

a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

sharpadjectiveUS /ʃɑːrp/

(of something seen or heard) clearly defined

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

sightsnounUS /saɪts/

an optical instrument for aiding the eye in aiming, as on a firearm or surveying instrument

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

untoprepositionUS /ˈʌntuː/

an old word for “to”

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

VERSTEGAN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading VERSTEGAN, _Rest. dec.

warinessnounUS /ˈwerinɪs/

the trait of being cautious and watchful

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

WelladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

whereof

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The consideration whereof, as it hath made me all the more needy not to displease any, to hath it given not the less hope of pleasing all."

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading "I know I have herein made myself subject unto a world of judges, and am likest to receive most controulment of such as are least able to sentence me.

wote

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Well I wote that the works of no writers have appeared to the world in a more curious age than this; and that, therefore, the more circumspection and wariness is required in the publishing of anything that must endure so many sharp sights and censures.

Chapter 1 of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 by John Roby holds 359 sentences, grouped into 72 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 359 sentences of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 72 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 by John Roby exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 359 sentences, grouped into 72 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1?

Work through the 72 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 72 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1

Common questions about reading Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 by John Roby on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1?

Yes. All 8674 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #15271 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #15271, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1735 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 section by section

How to work through Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Herein
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Myself
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Subject
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.