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Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1
Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.
Yule, or Christmas, was a feast of especial note and observance.
The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.
It was the custom to invite all who were in any way dependent on the proprietor, and who owed him suit and service.
The mansion of Sir Ralph had, like those of the neighbouring gentry, its lofty and capacious hall.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.
/ɪn ðoʊz deɪz wen ðə ˈdʒentri went ˈlɪtəl frʌm hoʊm set taɪmz ʌv mɜːrθ ənd ˌrekriˈeɪʃən wɜːr ˈkɑːnstəntli əbˈzɜːrvd ɪn ðer ˈspeɪʃəs ənd ˈhɑːˈspɪtəbəl ˈmæntʃənz/
Line 2
Yule, or Christmas, was a feast of especial note and observance.
/juːl ɔːr ˈkrɪsməs wɑːz ə fiːst ʌv əˈspeʃəl noʊt ənd əbˈzɜːrvəns/
Line 3
The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.
Line 4
It was the custom to invite all who were in any way dependent on the proprietor, and who owed him suit and service.
/ɪt wɑːz ðə ˈkʌstəm tuː ˌɪnˈvaɪt ɔːl huː wɜːr ɪn ˈeni weɪ dɪˈpendənt ɑːn ðə prəˈpraɪətər ənd huː oʊd hɪm suːt ənd ˈsɜːrvəs/
Line 5
The mansion of Sir Ralph had, like those of the neighbouring gentry, its lofty and capacious hall.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

boisterous adjective US /ˈbɔɪstərəs/

noisy and lacking in restraint or discipline

From this reading “The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.”

capacious adjective US /kəˈpeɪʃəs/

large in capacity

From this reading “The mansion of Sir Ralph had, like those of the neighbouring gentry, its lofty and capacious hall.”

festivities noun US /feˈstɪvətiz/

plural of “festivity” — any joyous diversion

From this reading “The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.”

mansions noun US /ˈmæntʃənz/

plural of “mansion” — (astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided

From this reading “In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.”

observance noun US /əbˈzɜːrvəns/

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading “Yule, or Christmas, was a feast of especial note and observance.”

recreation noun US /ˌrekriˈeɪʃən/

an activity that diverts or amuses or stimulates

From this reading “In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.”

uncouth adjective US /ˈʌnˈkuːθ/

lacking refinement or cultivation or taste

From this reading “The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.”

Yule noun US /juːl/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading “Yule, or Christmas, was a feast of especial note and observance.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Yule, or Christmas, was a feast of especial note and observance.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It was the custom to invite all who were in any way dependent on the proprietor, and who owed him suit and service.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading It was the custom to invite all who were in any way dependent on the proprietor, and who owed him suit and service.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

boisterousadjectiveUS /ˈbɔɪstərəs/

noisy and lacking in restraint or discipline

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

capaciousadjectiveUS /kəˈpeɪʃəs/

large in capacity

From this reading The mansion of Sir Ralph had, like those of the neighbouring gentry, its lofty and capacious hall.

ChristmasnounUS /ˈkrɪsməs/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading Yule, or Christmas, was a feast of especial note and observance.

constantlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

customnounUS /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading It was the custom to invite all who were in any way dependent on the proprietor, and who owed him suit and service.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

dependentadjectiveUS /dɪˈpendənt/

relying on or requiring a person or thing for support, supply, or what is needed

From this reading It was the custom to invite all who were in any way dependent on the proprietor, and who owed him suit and service.

especialadjectiveUS /əˈspeʃəl/

surpassing what is common or usual or expected

From this reading Yule, or Christmas, was a feast of especial note and observance.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

feastnounUS /fiːst/

a ceremonial dinner party for many people

From this reading Yule, or Christmas, was a feast of especial note and observance.

festivitiesnounUS /feˈstɪvətiz/

plural of “festivity” — any joyous diversion

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

gallerynounUS /ˈɡæləri/

spectators at a golf or tennis match

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

gentrynounUS /ˈdʒentri/

the most powerful members of a society

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

guestsnounUS /ɡests/

plural of “guest” — a visitor to whom hospitality is extended

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The mansion of Sir Ralph had, like those of the neighbouring gentry, its lofty and capacious hall.

hallnounUS /hɔːl/

an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was the custom to invite all who were in any way dependent on the proprietor, and who owed him suit and service.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

hospitableadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːˈspɪtəbəl/

favorable to life and growth

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

incommoded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

inviteverbUS /ˌɪnˈvaɪt/

increase the likelihood of

From this reading It was the custom to invite all who were in any way dependent on the proprietor, and who owed him suit and service.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was the custom to invite all who were in any way dependent on the proprietor, and who owed him suit and service.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The mansion of Sir Ralph had, like those of the neighbouring gentry, its lofty and capacious hall.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The mansion of Sir Ralph had, like those of the neighbouring gentry, its lofty and capacious hall.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

loftyadjectiveUS /ˈlɔːfti/

of high moral or intellectual value; elevated in nature or style

From this reading The mansion of Sir Ralph had, like those of the neighbouring gentry, its lofty and capacious hall.

lordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

mannersnounUS /ˈmænərz/

social deportment

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

mansionnounUS /ˈmænʃən/

(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

mansionsnounUS /ˈmæntʃənz/

plural of “mansion” — (astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

mirthnounUS /mɜːrθ/

great merriment

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

mostlyadverbUS /ˈmoʊstli/

in large part; mainly or chiefly

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

neighbouringverbUS /ˈneɪbərɪŋ/

-ing form of “neighbour” — live or be located as a neighbor

From this reading The mansion of Sir Ralph had, like those of the neighbouring gentry, its lofty and capacious hall.

notenounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading Yule, or Christmas, was a feast of especial note and observance.

observancenounUS /əbˈzɜːrvəns/

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading Yule, or Christmas, was a feast of especial note and observance.

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It was the custom to invite all who were in any way dependent on the proprietor, and who owed him suit and service.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Yule, or Christmas, was a feast of especial note and observance.

owedverbUS /oʊd/

past form of “owe” — be obliged to pay or repay

From this reading It was the custom to invite all who were in any way dependent on the proprietor, and who owed him suit and service.

proprietornounUS /prəˈpraɪətər/

(law) someone who owns (is legal possessor of) a business

From this reading It was the custom to invite all who were in any way dependent on the proprietor, and who owed him suit and service.

Ralph

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The mansion of Sir Ralph had, like those of the neighbouring gentry, its lofty and capacious hall.

recreationnounUS /ˌrekriˈeɪʃən/

an activity that diverts or amuses or stimulates

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

rusticadjectiveUS /ˈrʌstɪk/

characteristic of rural life

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

servicenounUS /ˈsɜːrvəs/

work done by one person or group that benefits another

From this reading It was the custom to invite all who were in any way dependent on the proprietor, and who owed him suit and service.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading The mansion of Sir Ralph had, like those of the neighbouring gentry, its lofty and capacious hall.

spaciousadjectiveUS /ˈspeɪʃəs/

very large in expanse or scope

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

sportsnounUS /spɔːrts/

plural of “sport” — an active diversion requiring physical exertion and competition

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

suitverbUS /suːt/

be agreeable or acceptable to

From this reading It was the custom to invite all who were in any way dependent on the proprietor, and who owed him suit and service.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was the custom to invite all who were in any way dependent on the proprietor, and who owed him suit and service.

uncouthadjectiveUS /ˈʌnˈkuːθ/

lacking refinement or cultivation or taste

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Yule, or Christmas, was a feast of especial note and observance.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading It was the custom to invite all who were in any way dependent on the proprietor, and who owed him suit and service.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In those days, when the gentry went little from home, set times of mirth and recreation were constantly observed in their spacious and hospitable mansions.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It was the custom to invite all who were in any way dependent on the proprietor, and who owed him suit and service.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

witnessnounUS /ˈwɪtnəs/

someone who sees an event and reports what happened

From this reading The great hall was mostly the scene of these boisterous festivities; where, from the gallery, the lord of the mansion and his family might witness the sports, without being incommoded by the uncouth and rustic manners of their guests.

YulenounUS /juːl/

period extending from Dec. 24 to Jan. 6

From this reading Yule, or Christmas, was a feast of especial note and observance.

Chapter 6 of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 by John Roby holds 403 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 6 holds 403 sentences of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 by John Roby exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 403 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1

Common questions about reading Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 by John Roby on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1?

Yes. All 8674 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #15271 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #15271, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1735 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 section by section

How to work through Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Herein
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Myself
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Subject
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Traditions of Lancashire, Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.