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Trafalgar: A Tale
Trafalgar: A Tale

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Trafalgar: A Tale is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.
I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.
The wind was from the southwest, according to Marcial, and the fleet, catching the breeze on the starboard quarter, ran towards the straits.
During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.
By eight o'clock the thirty-three vessels of the enemy's fleet were in sight, forming two columns.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Trafalgar: A Tale

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Trafalgar: A Tale is here in full — 108 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.
Line 2
I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.
Line 3
The wind was from the southwest, according to Marcial, and the fleet, catching the breeze on the starboard quarter, ran towards the straits.
Line 4
During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.
Line 5
By eight o'clock the thirty-three vessels of the enemy's fleet were in sight, forming two columns.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

docile adjective US /ˈdɑːsəl/

willing to be taught or led or supervised or directed

From this reading “I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.”

moderated verb US /ˈmɑːdəreɪtɪd/

past form of “moderate” — preside over

From this reading “On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.”

obediently adverb US /oʊˈbiːdiəntli/

in an obedient manner

From this reading “I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.”

signalled verb US /ˈsɪɡnəld/

inflected form of “signal” — communicate silently and non-verbally by signals or signs

From this reading “On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.”

southwest noun US /ˌsaʊˈθwest/

the compass point midway between south and west; at 225 degrees

From this reading “The wind was from the southwest, according to Marcial, and the fleet, catching the breeze on the starboard quarter, ran towards the straits.”

straits noun US /streɪts/

a bad or difficult situation or state of affairs

From this reading “The wind was from the southwest, according to Marcial, and the fleet, catching the breeze on the starboard quarter, ran towards the straits.”

uniformity noun US /ˌjuːnəˈfɔːrməti/

a condition in which everything is regular and unvarying

From this reading “I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.”

windward noun US /ˈwɪndwərd/

the direction from which the wind is coming

From this reading “During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

starboard quarter noun + noun

In this reading “The wind was from the southwest, according to Marcial, and the fleet, catching the breeze on the starboard quarter, ran towards the straits.”

breeze blowing noun + noun

In this reading “On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.”

stiff breeze adjective + noun

In this reading “On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.”

During the night preposition + article + noun counted as “during … night”

In this reading “During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.”

great rapidity adjective + noun

In this reading “I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.”

some distance adjective + noun

In this reading “On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.”

on the starboard preposition + article + noun counted as “on … starboard”

In this reading “The wind was from the southwest, according to Marcial, and the fleet, catching the breeze on the starboard quarter, ran towards the straits.”

from the southwest preposition + article + noun counted as “from … southwest”

In this reading “The wind was from the southwest, according to Marcial, and the fleet, catching the breeze on the starboard quarter, ran towards the straits.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

20th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

21st

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading The wind was from the southwest, according to Marcial, and the fleet, catching the breeze on the starboard quarter, ran towards the straits.

admiralnounUS /ˈædmərəl/

the supreme commander of a fleet; ranks above a vice admiral and below a fleet admiral

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

admirationnounUS /ˌædmərˈeɪʃən/

a feeling of delighted approval and liking

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

admitverbUS /ədˈmɪt/

declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

blowingnounUS /ˈbloʊɪŋ/

processing that involves blowing a gas

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

breezenounUS /briːz/

a slight wind (usually refreshing)

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.

catchingnounUS /ˈkætʃɪŋ/

(baseball) playing the position of catcher on a baseball team

From this reading The wind was from the southwest, according to Marcial, and the fleet, catching the breeze on the starboard quarter, ran towards the straits.

centrenounUS /ˈsentər/

a low-lying region in central France

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

columnsnounUS /ˈkɑːləmz/

plural of “column” — a line of units following one after another

From this reading By eight o'clock the thirty-three vessels of the enemy's fleet were in sight, forming two columns.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

dawnnounUS /dɔːn/

the first light of day

From this reading During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

distancenounUS /ˈdɪstəns/

the property created by the space between two objects or points

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

docileadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːsəl/

willing to be taught or led or supervised or directed

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading By eight o'clock the thirty-three vessels of the enemy's fleet were in sight, forming two columns.

enchantedadjectiveUS /ɪnˈtʃæn.tɪd/

Filled with or placed under the influence of magical power or charm.

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

enemy'snounUS /ˈenəmiz/

possessive form of “enemy” — an opposing military force

From this reading By eight o'clock the thirty-three vessels of the enemy's fleet were in sight, forming two columns.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

fleetnounUS /fliːt/

group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership

From this reading The wind was from the southwest, according to Marcial, and the fleet, catching the breeze on the starboard quarter, ran towards the straits.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

formingverbUS /ˈfɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “form” — create (as an entity)

From this reading By eight o'clock the thirty-three vessels of the enemy's fleet were in sight, forming two columns.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

impossibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɑːsəbəl/

not capable of occurring or being accomplished or dealt with

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

lightsnounUS /laɪts/

plural of “light” — (physics) electromagnetic radiation that can produce a visual sensation

From this reading During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

manœuvres

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

Marcial

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The wind was from the southwest, according to Marcial, and the fleet, catching the breeze on the starboard quarter, ran towards the straits.

moderatedverbUS /ˈmɑːdəreɪtɪd/

past form of “moderate” — preside over

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

monstersnounUS /ˈmɑːnstərz/

plural of “monster” — an imaginary creature usually having various human and animal parts

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

navaladjectiveUS /ˈneɪvəl/

connected with or belonging to or used in a navy

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.

noonnounUS /nuːn/

the middle of the day

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

o'clockadverbUS /əˈklɑːk/

according to the clock

From this reading By eight o'clock the thirty-three vessels of the enemy's fleet were in sight, forming two columns.

obedientlyadverbUS /oʊˈbiːdiəntli/

in an obedient manner

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.

perfectadjectiveUS /pərˈfekt/

being complete of its kind and without defect or blemish

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

pointedadjectiveUS /ˈpɔɪntɪd/

having a point

From this reading During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading The wind was from the southwest, according to Marcial, and the fleet, catching the breeze on the starboard quarter, ran towards the straits.

ranverbUS /ræn/

inflected form of “run” — move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading The wind was from the southwest, according to Marcial, and the fleet, catching the breeze on the starboard quarter, ran towards the straits.

rapiditynounUS /rəˈpɪdəti/

a rate that is rapid

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

rearnounUS /rɪr/

the back of a military formation or procession

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

reservenounUS /rɪˈzɜːrv/

formality and propriety of manner

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.

shipsnounUS /ʃɪps/

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

sightnounUS /saɪt/

an instance of visual perception

From this reading By eight o'clock the thirty-three vessels of the enemy's fleet were in sight, forming two columns.

signalledverbUS /ˈsɪɡnəld/

inflected form of “signal” — communicate silently and non-verbally by signals or signs

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

southwestnounUS /ˌsaʊˈθwest/

the compass point midway between south and west; at 225 degrees

From this reading The wind was from the southwest, according to Marcial, and the fleet, catching the breeze on the starboard quarter, ran towards the straits.

starboardnounUS /ˈstɑːrbərd/

the right side of a ship or aircraft to someone who is aboard and facing the bow or nose

From this reading The wind was from the southwest, according to Marcial, and the fleet, catching the breeze on the starboard quarter, ran towards the straits.

stiffadjectiveUS /stɪf/

not moving or operating freely

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

straitsnounUS /streɪts/

a bad or difficult situation or state of affairs

From this reading The wind was from the southwest, according to Marcial, and the fleet, catching the breeze on the starboard quarter, ran towards the straits.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

thirty-threeadjective

being three more than thirty

From this reading By eight o'clock the thirty-three vessels of the enemy's fleet were in sight, forming two columns.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.

three-deckers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading The wind was from the southwest, according to Marcial, and the fleet, catching the breeze on the starboard quarter, ran towards the straits.

twenty-sevennoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty-six and one

From this reading During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

uniformitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈfɔːrməti/

a condition in which everything is regular and unvarying

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

vannounUS /væn/

any creative group active in the innovation and application of new concepts and techniques in a given field (especially in the arts)

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

vesselsnounUS /ˈvesəlz/

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

watchingnounUS /ˈwɑːtʃɪŋ/

the act of observing; taking a patient look

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.

windnounUS /waɪnd/

air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure

From this reading On the morning of the 20th there was a stiff breeze blowing and the vessels kept at some distance from each other; but as the wind had moderated soon after noon the admiral signalled that the ships were to form in five lines--the van, centre, and rear, and two lines of reserve.

windwardnounUS /ˈwɪndwərd/

the direction from which the wind is coming

From this reading During the night a few lights were seen and by dawn on the 21st we saw twenty-seven ships to windward, among which Marcial pointed out three as three-deckers.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading I was enchanted with watching the docile monsters, obediently taking their places; for, although the conditions of naval manœuvres did not admit of great rapidity nor of perfect uniformity in the line, it was impossible to see them without admiration.

Chapter 10 of Trafalgar: A Tale by Benito Pérez Galdós holds 108 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Trafalgar: A Tale contain?

Chapter 10 holds 108 sentences of Trafalgar: A Tale, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Trafalgar: A Tale by Benito Pérez Galdós exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 108 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Trafalgar: A Tale?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Trafalgar: A Tale

Common questions about reading Trafalgar: A Tale by Benito Pérez Galdós on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Trafalgar: A Tale?

Yes. All 2073 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #47980 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Trafalgar: A Tale is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #47980, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Trafalgar: A Tale take to read?

About 172 minutes of reading across 415 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Trafalgar: A Tale section by section

How to work through Trafalgar: A Tale section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 17 chapters of Trafalgar: A Tale to begin.

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Trafalgar: A Tale

Words and structures a reader meets early in Trafalgar: A Tale, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Trafalgar: A Tale; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spanish
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Trafalgar: A Tale; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Clara
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Trafalgar: A Tale; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Revised
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Trafalgar: A Tale; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.