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Tragedy
Tragedy

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Tragedy is here in full — 454 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/90 · 5 lines
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THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.
In themes and general treatment they made no marked departure from the past.
Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.
They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.
Meanwhile, the old types of tragedy continued their sway, sometimes little touched by Shakespeare's influence.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Tragedy

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of Tragedy is here in full — 454 sentences across 91 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/90 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.
Line 2
In themes and general treatment they made no marked departure from the past.
/ɪn θiːmz ənd ˈdʒenərəl ˈtriːtmənt ðeɪ meɪd noʊ mɑːrkt dɪˈpɑːrtʃər frʌm ðə pæst/
Line 3
Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.
/ðer trænzˈleɪʃən ʌv ˈstɔːri ənd ˈsɜːrkəmstæns ˈɪntuː ðə kənˈflɪkts ənd ˈprɑːsesəz ʌv ˈkerɪktər wɑːz bɪˈɑːnd ðə riːtʃ ʌv ˌɪməˈteɪʃən ənd ˌɪnˈdiːd nɑːt ˈlaɪkli tuː ɡeɪn fʊl ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃən frʌm kənˈtempəreriz/
Line 4
They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.
Line 5
Meanwhile, the old types of tragedy continued their sway, sometimes little touched by Shakespeare's influence.
/ˈmiːnwaɪl ðə oʊld taɪps ʌv ˈtrædʒədi kənˈtɪnjuːd ðer sweɪ səmˈtaɪmz ˈlɪtəl tʌtʃt baɪ ˈʃeɪkspiːrz ˈɪnfluːəns/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

conflicts noun US /kənˈflɪkts/

plural of “conflict” — an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading “Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.”

consummation noun US /ˌkɑːnsəˈmeɪʃən/

the completion of marriage by sexual intercourse

From this reading “They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.”

contemporaries noun US /kənˈtempəreriz/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading “Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.”

heralds noun US /ˈherəldz/

plural of “herald” — (formal) a person who announces important news

From this reading “They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.”

permeating adjective US /ˈpɜːrmieɪtɪŋ/

spreading or spread throughout

From this reading “They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.”

processes noun US /ˈprɑːsesəz/

plural of “process” — a particular course of action intended to achieve a result

From this reading “Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.”

themes noun US /θiːmz/

plural of “theme” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading “In themes and general treatment they made no marked departure from the past.”

tragedies noun US /ˈtrædʒədiz/

plural of “tragedy” — an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading “THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

new era adjective + noun

In this reading “They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.”

processes of verb + particle counted as “process of”

In this reading “Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

22

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In themes and general treatment they made no marked departure from the past.

appreciationnounUS /əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃən/

understanding of the nature or meaning or quality or magnitude of something

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

beyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Meanwhile, the old types of tragedy continued their sway, sometimes little touched by Shakespeare's influence.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.

circumstancenounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstæns/

a condition that accompanies or influences some event or activity

From this reading Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.

conflictsnounUS /kənˈflɪkts/

plural of “conflict” — an open clash between two opposing groups (or individuals)

From this reading Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.

consummationnounUS /ˌkɑːnsəˈmeɪʃən/

the completion of marriage by sexual intercourse

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

contemporariesnounUS /kənˈtempəreriz/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading Meanwhile, the old types of tragedy continued their sway, sometimes little touched by Shakespeare's influence.

createverbUS /kriˈeɪt/

make or cause to be or to become

From this reading THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.

departurenounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtʃər/

the act of departing

From this reading In themes and general treatment they made no marked departure from the past.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.

dramanounUS /ˈdrɑːmə/

a dramatic work intended for performance by actors on a stage

From this reading THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.

dramatists

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

ELIZABETHANS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.

epochnounUS /ˈepək/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.

eranounUS /ˈerə/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In themes and general treatment they made no marked departure from the past.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.

gainverbUS /ɡeɪn/

obtain

From this reading Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading In themes and general treatment they made no marked departure from the past.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.

greatnessnounUS /ˈɡreɪtnəs/

the property possessed by something or someone of outstanding importance or eminence

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

heraldsnounUS /ˈherəldz/

plural of “herald” — (formal) a person who announces important news

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

imitationnounUS /ˌɪməˈteɪʃən/

the doctrine that representations of nature or human behavior should be accurate imitations

From this reading Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.

LATERadverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Meanwhile, the old types of tragedy continued their sway, sometimes little touched by Shakespeare's influence.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading In themes and general treatment they made no marked departure from the past.

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading In themes and general treatment they made no marked departure from the past.

MeanwhileadverbUS /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading Meanwhile, the old types of tragedy continued their sway, sometimes little touched by Shakespeare's influence.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading In themes and general treatment they made no marked departure from the past.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading In themes and general treatment they made no marked departure from the past.

permeatingadjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrmieɪtɪŋ/

spreading or spread throughout

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

processesnounUS /ˈprɑːsesəz/

plural of “process” — a particular course of action intended to achieve a result

From this reading Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.

publicationnounUS /ˌpʌblɪˈkeɪʃən/

a copy of a printed work offered for distribution

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

ratheradverbUS /ˈræðər/

on the contrary

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

reachverbUS /riːtʃ/

reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.

recognitionnounUS /ˌrekəɡˈnɪʃən/

the state or quality of being recognized or acknowledged

From this reading Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.

Shakespeare'snounUS /ˈʃeɪkspiːrz/

possessive form of “shakespeare” — English poet and dramatist considered one of the greatest English writers (1564-1616)

From this reading THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading Meanwhile, the old types of tragedy continued their sway, sometimes little touched by Shakespeare's influence.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.

succeedingadjectiveUS /səkˈsiːdɪŋ/

coming after or following

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

swayverbUS /sweɪ/

move back and forth or sideways

From this reading Meanwhile, the old types of tragedy continued their sway, sometimes little touched by Shakespeare's influence.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.

themesnounUS /θiːmz/

plural of “theme” — the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading In themes and general treatment they made no marked departure from the past.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In themes and general treatment they made no marked departure from the past.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.

touchedadjectiveUS /tʌtʃt/

having come into contact

From this reading Meanwhile, the old types of tragedy continued their sway, sometimes little touched by Shakespeare's influence.

tragediesnounUS /ˈtrædʒədiz/

plural of “tragedy” — an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading THE LATER ELIZABETHANS[22] Shakespeare's great tragedies did not create a new epoch in the development of the drama.

tragedynounUS /ˈtrædʒədi/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading Meanwhile, the old types of tragedy continued their sway, sometimes little touched by Shakespeare's influence.

translationnounUS /trænzˈleɪʃən/

a written communication in a second language having the same meaning as the written communication in a first language

From this reading Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.

treatmentnounUS /ˈtriːtmənt/

care provided to improve a situation (especially medical procedures or applications that are intended to relieve illness or injury)

From this reading In themes and general treatment they made no marked departure from the past.

typesnounUS /taɪps/

plural of “type” — a subdivision of a particular kind of thing

From this reading Meanwhile, the old types of tragedy continued their sway, sometimes little touched by Shakespeare's influence.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Their translation of story and circumstance into the conflicts and processes of character was beyond the reach of imitation, and, indeed, not likely to gain full recognition from contemporaries.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

wideadjectiveUS /waɪd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading They were rather the consummation of the old than the heralds of a new era, though their influence on succeeding dramatists was wide and permeating, especially as time and publication brought a growing appreciation of their greatness as literature.

Chapter 7 of Tragedy by Ashley Horace Thorndike holds 454 sentences, grouped into 91 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of Tragedy contain?

Chapter 7 holds 454 sentences of Tragedy, unabridged, divided into 91 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of Tragedy by Ashley Horace Thorndike exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 454 sentences, grouped into 91 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of Tragedy?

Work through the 91 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 91 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Tragedy

Common questions about reading Tragedy by Ashley Horace Thorndike on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Tragedy?

Yes. All 3395 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #38711 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Tragedy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #38711, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Tragedy take to read?

About 282 minutes of reading across 679 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Tragedy section by section

How to work through Tragedy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 10 chapters of Tragedy to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Tragedy

Words and structures a reader meets early in Tragedy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Attempts
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tragedy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Trace
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tragedy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Course
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tragedy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
English
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Tragedy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.