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Trails of the Pathfinders
Trails of the Pathfinders

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Trails of the Pathfinders is here in full — 163 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.
With a Map of Oregon Territory._ By Rev. Samuel Parker, A.M.
As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.
The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.
He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Trails of the Pathfinders

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Trails of the Pathfinders is here in full — 163 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.
Line 2
With a Map of Oregon Territory._ By Rev. Samuel Parker, A.M.
Line 3
As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.
/æz meɪ biː ˌɪˈmædʒənd frʌm ðɪs ˈtaɪtəl ˈmɪstər ˈpɑːrkər wɑːz ə ˈmɪʃəneri huːz ˈbɪznəs ɪn ˈsetɪŋ aʊt ˈɪntuː ðə waɪld west wɑːz tuː spred ðə ˈɡɑːspəl/
Line 4
The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.
/ðə əˈmerəkən bɔːrd ʌv kəˈmɪʃənərz fɔːr ˈfɔːrən ˈmɪʃənz sent hɪm aʊt tuː ˌæsərˈteɪn baɪ ˈpɜːrsɪnəl ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən ðə kənˈdɪʃən ənd ˈkerɪktər ʌv ðə ˈɪndiən ˈneɪʃənz ənd traɪbz ənd ðə ˌɑːpərˈtuːnətiz fɔːr ˌɪntrəˈduːsɪŋ ðə ˈɡɑːspəl ənd ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən əˈmʌŋ ðem/
Line 5
He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.
/hiː raɪts ɪn ə mɔːr ɔːr les ˈpɑːndərəs staɪl ənd hɪz maɪnd ɪz ˈdɑːməneɪtəd æz ɪz ˈnætʃərəl baɪ ðə ˈmɪʃəneri aɪˈdiːə tuː sʌtʃ æn ɪkˈstent ðæt hɪz bʊk æt taɪmz ˈiːvɪn hæz ˈsʌmθɪŋ ʌv ðə ˈfleɪvər ʌv sʌm ʌv ðə ˈvɑːljuːmz ʌv ðə ˈdʒeʒuːɪt riˈleɪʃənz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Commissioners noun US /kəˈmɪʃənərz/

plural of “commissioner” — a government administrator

From this reading “The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.”

dominated adjective US /ˈdɑːməneɪtəd/

controlled or ruled by superior authority or power

From this reading “He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.”

flavor noun US /ˈfleɪvər/

the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people

From this reading “He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.”

Geology noun US /dʒiˈɑːlədʒi/

a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks

From this reading “SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.”

Ithaca noun US /ˈɪθəkə/

a college town in central New York on Lake Cayuga

From this reading “SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.”

Jesuit noun US /ˈdʒeʒuːɪt/

a member of the Jesuit order

Missions noun US /ˈmɪʃənz/

plural of “mission” — an organization of missionaries in a foreign land sent to carry on religious work

From this reading “The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.”

Oregon noun US /ˈɔːrəɡən/

a state in northwestern United States on the Pacific

From this reading “With a Map of Oregon Territory._ By Rev. Samuel Parker, A.M.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Foreign Missions adjective + noun counted as “foreign mission”

an organization of missionaries in a foreign land sent to carry on religious work

In this reading “The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.”

personal observation adjective + noun

In this reading “The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.”

at times preposition + noun

sporadically and infrequently

In this reading “He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.”

Under the Direction preposition + article + noun counted as “under … direction”

In this reading “SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.”

by the author preposition + article + noun counted as “by … author”

In this reading “SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.”

Map of verb + particle

In this reading “With a Map of Oregon Territory._ By Rev. Samuel Parker, A.M.”

All words in this reading · 117

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1835

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

1838

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

36

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

37

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.

ascertainverbUS /ˌæsərˈteɪn/

establish after a calculation, investigation, experiment, survey, or study

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

BnounUS /biː/

aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations; found primarily in soil

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.

BeyondprepositionUS /bɪˈɑːnd/

on the far side of; further than

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

BoardnounUS /bɔːrd/

a committee having supervisory powers

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

CnounUS /siː/

a degree on the centigrade scale of temperature

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

civilizationnounUS /ˌsɪvəlɪˈzeɪʃən/

a society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

ClimatenounUS /ˈklaɪmət/

the weather in some location averaged over some long period of time

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

CommissionersnounUS /kəˈmɪʃənərz/

plural of “commissioner” — a government administrator

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

ContainingverbUS /kənˈteɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “contain” — include or contain; have as a component

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

CustomsnounUS /ˈkʌstəmz/

money collected under a tariff

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

DescriptionnounUS /dɪˈskrɪpʃən/

a statement that represents something in words

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

DirectionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

dominatedadjectiveUS /ˈdɑːməneɪtəd/

controlled or ruled by superior authority or power

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

ExploringverbUS /ɪkˈsplɔːrɪŋ/

-ing form of “explore” — inquire into

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

FnounUS /ef/

a degree on the Fahrenheit scale of temperature

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

flavornounUS /ˈfleɪvər/

the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

ForeignadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrən/

of concern to or concerning the affairs of other nations (other than your own)

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.

GeographynounUS /dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/

study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

GeologynounUS /dʒiˈɑːlədʒi/

a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

GospelnounUS /ˈɡɑːspəl/

the four books in the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John) that tell the story of Christ's life and teachings

From this reading As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

imaginedverbUS /ˌɪˈmædʒənd/

past form of “imagine” — form a mental image of something that is not present or that is not the case

From this reading As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

IndianadjectiveUS /ˈɪndiən/

of or relating to or characteristic of India or the East Indies or their peoples or languages or cultures

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.

introducingverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːsɪŋ/

-ing form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

IthacanounUS /ˈɪθəkə/

a college town in central New York on Lake Cayuga

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

JesuitnounUS /ˈdʒeʒuːɪt/

a member of the Jesuit order

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

JournalnounUS /ˈdʒɜːrnəl/

a daily written record of (usually personal) experiences and observations

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

MannersnounUS /ˈmænərz/

social deportment

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

MapverbUS /mæp/

make a map of; show or establish the features of details of

From this reading With a Map of Oregon Territory._ By Rev. Samuel Parker, A.M.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

missionarynounUS /ˈmɪʃəneri/

someone who attempts to convert others to a particular doctrine or program

From this reading As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.

MissionsnounUS /ˈmɪʃənz/

plural of “mission” — an organization of missionaries in a foreign land sent to carry on religious work

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

MountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.

NnounUS /en/

a common nonmetallic element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless inert diatomic gas; constitutes 78 percent of the atmosphere by volume; a constituent of all living tissues

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

NativesnounUS /ˈneɪtɪvz/

plural of “native” — an indigenous person who was born in a particular place

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

NumbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

observationnounUS /ˌɑːbzərˈveɪʃən/

the act of making and recording a measurement

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

opportunitiesnounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnətiz/

plural of “opportunity” — a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

OregonnounUS /ˈɔːrəɡən/

a state in northwestern United States on the Pacific

From this reading With a Map of Oregon Territory._ By Rev. Samuel Parker, A.M.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.

PARKERnounUS /ˈpɑːrkər/

United States saxophonist and leader of the bop style of jazz (1920-1955)

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

PerformedverbUS /pərˈfɔːrmd/

past form of “perform” — carry out or perform an action

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

ponderousadjectiveUS /ˈpɑːndərəs/

slow and laborious because of weight

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

ProductionsnounUS /prəˈdʌkʃənz/

plural of “production” — the act or process of producing something

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

RelationsnounUS /riˈleɪʃənz/

mutual dealings or connections or communications among persons or groups

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

RevverbUS /rev/

increase the number of rotations per minute

From this reading With a Map of Oregon Territory._ By Rev. Samuel Parker, A.M.

RockyadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

SAMUELnounUS /ˈsæmjuːl/

(Old Testament) Hebrew prophet and judge who anointed Saul as king

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

settingnounUS /ˈsetɪŋ/

the context and environment in which something is set

From this reading As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

somethingpronounUS /ˈsʌmθɪŋ/

a thing, without saying which

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

TerritorynounUS /ˈterɪtɔːri/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading With a Map of Oregon Territory._ By Rev. Samuel Parker, A.M.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

titlenounUS /ˈtaɪtəl/

a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with

From this reading As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.

TournounUS /tʊr/

a journey or route all the way around a particular place or area

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

tribesnounUS /traɪbz/

plural of “tribe” — a social division of (usually preliterate) people

From this reading The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions sent him out to ascertain by personal observation the condition and character of the Indian nations and tribes, and the opportunities for introducing the Gospel and civilization among them.

UnderprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

volumesnounUS /ˈvɑːljuːmz/

plural of “volume” — the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

WestnounUS /west/

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading As may be imagined from this title, Mr. Parker was a missionary whose business in setting out into the wild West was to spread the Gospel.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With a Map of Oregon Territory._ By Rev. Samuel Parker, A.M.

writesverbUS /raɪts/

third-person singular of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading He writes in a more or less ponderous style, and his mind is dominated, as is natural, by the missionary idea, to such an extent that his book at times even has something of the flavor of some of the volumes of the _Jesuit Relations_.

YnounUS /waɪ/

a silvery metallic element that is common in rare-earth minerals; used in magnesium and aluminum alloys

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

YearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading SAMUEL PARKER In the year 1838 there was published in Ithaca, N. Y., by the author, the _Journal of an Exploring Tour Beyond the Rocky Mountains, Under the Direction of the A. B. C. F. M., Performed in the Years 1835, ’36, and ’37; Containing a Description of the Geography, Geology, Climate, and Productions; and the Number, Manners, and Customs of the Natives.

Chapter 23 of Trails of the Pathfinders by George Bird Grinnell holds 163 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Trails of the Pathfinders contain?

Chapter 23 holds 163 sentences of Trails of the Pathfinders, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Trails of the Pathfinders by George Bird Grinnell exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 163 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Trails of the Pathfinders?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #53897, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 339 minutes of reading across 815 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Trails of the Pathfinders section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Trails of the Pathfinders

Words and structures a reader meets early in Trails of the Pathfinders, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Https
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Trails of the Pathfinders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Enclosed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Trails of the Pathfinders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Equal
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Trails of the Pathfinders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Signs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Trails of the Pathfinders; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.