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Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa
Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FERTILE MOUNTAIN REGION RICH IN ANCIENT REMAINS.
It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.
We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.
But the fine olive-groves of Sgáif proved that we had not yet reached the limit of this useful tree.
We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FERTILE MOUNTAIN REGION RICH IN ANCIENT REMAINS.
/ˈfɜːrtəl ˈmaʊntən ˈriːdʒən rɪtʃ ɪn ˈeɪn.ʃənt rɪˈmeɪnz/
Line 2
It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.
Line 3
We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.
Line 4
But the fine olive-groves of Sgáif proved that we had not yet reached the limit of this useful tree.
Line 5
We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chilly adjective US /ˈtʃɪli/

not characterized by emotion

From this reading “We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.”

cultivation noun US /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/

socialization through training and education to develop one's mind or manners

From this reading “We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.”

depressions noun US /dɪˈpreʃənz/

plural of “depression” — a mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity

From this reading “We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.”

fertile adjective US /ˈfɜːrtəl/

capable of reproducing

From this reading “FERTILE MOUNTAIN REGION RICH IN ANCIENT REMAINS.”

peaks noun US /piːks/

plural of “peak” — the most extreme possible amount or value

From this reading “We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.”

slopes noun US /sloʊps/

plural of “slope” — an elevated geological formation

From this reading “We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.”

unbounded adjective US /ənˈbaʊndɪd/

seemingly boundless in amount, number, degree, or especially extent

From this reading “We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.”

vineyards noun US /ˈvɪnjərdz/

plural of “vineyard” — a farm of grapevines where wine grapes are produced

From this reading “We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

agreeably surprised adverb + adjective

In this reading “We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.”

steep slopes adjective + noun counted as “steep slope”

In this reading “We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.”

descend the slope verb + article + noun counted as “descend … slope”

In this reading “We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.”

reached the limit verb + article + noun counted as “reach … limit”

In this reading “But the fine olive-groves of Sgáif proved that we had not yet reached the limit of this useful tree.”

broad valley adjective + noun

In this reading “We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.”

MOUNTAIN REGION noun + noun

In this reading “FERTILE MOUNTAIN REGION RICH IN ANCIENT REMAINS.”

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.”

became quite verb + particle counted as “become quite”

In this reading “We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

14th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

affordedverbUS /əˈfɔːrdəd/

past form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

agreeablyadverb

in an enjoyable manner

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

ANCIENTadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading FERTILE MOUNTAIN REGION RICH IN ANCIENT REMAINS.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

approachingnounUS /əˈproʊtʃɪŋ/

the event of one object coming closer to another

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

ceaseverbUS /siːs/

put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

chillyadjectiveUS /ˈtʃɪli/

not characterized by emotion

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

cloudsnounUS /klaʊdz/

plural of “cloud” — any collection of particles (e.g., smoke or dust) or gases that is visible

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

cultivationnounUS /ˌkʌltɪˈveɪʃən/

socialization through training and education to develop one's mind or manners

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

depressionsnounUS /dɪˈpreʃənz/

plural of “depression” — a mental state characterized by a pessimistic sense of inadequacy and a despondent lack of activity

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

descendverbUS /dɪˈsend/

move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

directionnounUS /dərˈekʃən/

a line leading to a place or point

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

distantadjectiveUS /ˈdɪstənt/

separated in space or coming from or going to a distance

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

dwellingnounUS /ˈdwelɪŋ/

housing that someone is living in

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

FebruarynounUS /ˈfebjəweri/

the month following January and preceding March

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

FERTILEadjectiveUS /ˈfɜːrtəl/

capable of reproducing

From this reading FERTILE MOUNTAIN REGION RICH IN ANCIENT REMAINS.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

frightenedadjectiveUS /ˈfraɪtənd/

made afraid

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But the fine olive-groves of Sgáif proved that we had not yet reached the limit of this useful tree.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

hostnounUS /hoʊst/

a person who invites guests to a social event (such as a party in his or her own home) and who is responsible for them while they are there

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading FERTILE MOUNTAIN REGION RICH IN ANCIENT REMAINS.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

Jelíli

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

limitnounUS /ˈlɪmət/

the greatest possible degree of something

From this reading But the fine olive-groves of Sgáif proved that we had not yet reached the limit of this useful tree.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

MOUNTAINnounUS /ˈmaʊntən/

a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading FERTILE MOUNTAIN REGION RICH IN ANCIENT REMAINS.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading But the fine olive-groves of Sgáif proved that we had not yet reached the limit of this useful tree.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

olive-groves

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the fine olive-groves of Sgáif proved that we had not yet reached the limit of this useful tree.

olive-trees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

peaksnounUS /piːks/

plural of “peak” — the most extreme possible amount or value

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

prospectnounUS /ˈprɑːspekt/

the possibility of future success

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

provedadjectiveUS /pruːvd/

established beyond doubt

From this reading But the fine olive-groves of Sgáif proved that we had not yet reached the limit of this useful tree.

pursueverbUS /pərˈsuː/

carry out or participate in an activity; be involved in

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading But the fine olive-groves of Sgáif proved that we had not yet reached the limit of this useful tree.

REGIONnounUS /ˈriːdʒən/

the extended spatial location of something

From this reading FERTILE MOUNTAIN REGION RICH IN ANCIENT REMAINS.

REMAINSnounUS /rɪˈmeɪnz/

any object that is left unused or still extant

From this reading FERTILE MOUNTAIN REGION RICH IN ANCIENT REMAINS.

RICHadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading FERTILE MOUNTAIN REGION RICH IN ANCIENT REMAINS.

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

routenounUS /ruːt/

an established line of travel or access

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

Rán

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

secureverbUS /sɪˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

seriouslyadverbUS /ˈsɪriəsli/

in a serious manner

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

Sgáif

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the fine olive-groves of Sgáif proved that we had not yet reached the limit of this useful tree.

shelternounUS /ˈʃeltər/

a structure that provides privacy and protection from danger

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

slopenounUS /sloʊp/

an elevated geological formation

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

slopesnounUS /sloʊps/

plural of “slope” — an elevated geological formation

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

south-easterly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

southernadjectiveUS /ˈsʌðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States south of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

steepadjectiveUS /stiːp/

having a sharp inclination

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

streamnounUS /striːm/

a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

surprisedadjectiveUS /sərˈpraɪzd/

taken unawares or suddenly and feeling wonder or astonishment

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But the fine olive-groves of Sgáif proved that we had not yet reached the limit of this useful tree.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But the fine olive-groves of Sgáif proved that we had not yet reached the limit of this useful tree.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

ThursdaynounUS /ˈθɜːrzdeɪ/

the fifth day of the week; the fourth working day

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading But the fine olive-groves of Sgáif proved that we had not yet reached the limit of this useful tree.

unboundedadjectiveUS /ənˈbaʊndɪd/

seemingly boundless in amount, number, degree, or especially extent

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

usefuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːsfəl/

being of use or service

From this reading But the fine olive-groves of Sgáif proved that we had not yet reached the limit of this useful tree.

valleynounUS /ˈvæli/

a long depression in the surface of the land that usually contains a river

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

vineyardsnounUS /ˈvɪnjərdz/

plural of “vineyard” — a farm of grapevines where wine grapes are produced

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

Wady

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We were just about to descend the slope into the broad valley called Wady Rán, when, seeing darkness approaching, and frightened by the black clouds rising from the valley, together with a very chilly stream of air, we began to look seriously about for some secure shelter for the night.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading It was past three in the afternoon of Thursday, February 14th, when we started from the dwelling of our host, in order to pursue our route in a south-easterly direction.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading We were agreeably surprised to see fine vineyards at the village called Jelíli; but the cultivation of olive-trees seemed almost to cease here, while the country became quite open, and afforded an unbounded prospect towards the distant southern range, with its peaks, depressions, and steep slopes.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading But the fine olive-groves of Sgáif proved that we had not yet reached the limit of this useful tree.

Chapter 4 of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa by Heinrich Barth holds 410 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa contain?

Chapter 4 holds 410 sentences of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa, unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa by Heinrich Barth exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 410 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa

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Yes. All 8805 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #73138 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #73138, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 600 minutes of reading across 1761 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa

Words and structures a reader meets early in Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Famous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Books
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bettany
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.