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Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa
Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa is here in full — 436 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/87 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE BORDER REGION OF THE DESERT.—THE TAGÁMA.
_Friday, Dec.
27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.
Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.
We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa is here in full — 436 sentences across 88 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/87 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE BORDER REGION OF THE DESERT.—THE TAGÁMA.
Line 2
_Friday, Dec.
/ˈfraɪdi dek/
Line 3
27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.
Line 4
Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.
Line 5
We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

border noun US /ˈbɔːrdər/

a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading “THE BORDER REGION OF THE DESERT.—THE TAGÁMA.”

consultation noun US /ˌkɑːnsəlˈteɪʃən/

a conference (usually with someone important)

From this reading “Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.”

Dec noun US /dek/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading “_Friday, Dec.”

exchange noun US /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/

chemical process in which one atom or ion or group changes places with another

From this reading “27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.”

Friday noun US /ˈfraɪdi/

the sixth day of the week; the fifth working day

region noun US /ˈriːdʒən/

the extended spatial location of something

From this reading “THE BORDER REGION OF THE DESERT.—THE TAGÁMA.”

regions noun US /ˈriːdʒənz/

plural of “region” — the extended spatial location of something

From this reading “We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.”

villages noun US /ˈvɪlədʒəz/

plural of “village” — a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading “Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

At length preposition + noun

in a lengthy or prolix manner

In this reading “27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.”

set out verb + adjective

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

In this reading “We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.”

in the morning preposition + article + noun counted as “in … morning”

In this reading “Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.”

too easy adverb + adjective

In this reading “27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.”

come from verb + particle

In this reading “Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.”

All words in this reading · 57

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

27

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading 27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.

BORDERnounUS /ˈbɔːrdər/

a line that indicates a boundary

From this reading THE BORDER REGION OF THE DESERT.—THE TAGÁMA.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.

confidencenounUS /ˈkɑːnfədəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.

consultationnounUS /ˌkɑːnsəlˈteɪʃən/

a conference (usually with someone important)

From this reading Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.

DecnounUS /dek/

the last (12th) month of the year

From this reading _Friday, Dec.

DESERTverbUS /ˈdezərt/

leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch

From this reading THE BORDER REGION OF THE DESERT.—THE TAGÁMA.

EarlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading 27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.

eldernounUS /ˈeldər/

a person who is older than you are

From this reading Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.

exchangenounUS /ɪksˈtʃeɪndʒ/

chemical process in which one atom or ion or group changes places with another

From this reading 27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading 27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.

forwardadverbUS /ˈfɔːrwərd/

at or to or toward the front

From this reading We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.

FridaynounUS /ˈfraɪdi/

the sixth day of the week; the fifth working day

From this reading _Friday, Dec.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.

half-known

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.

Kél-táfidet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading 27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE BORDER REGION OF THE DESERT.—THE TAGÁMA.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading 27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.

ratenounUS /reɪt/

a magnitude or frequency relative to a time unit

From this reading 27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading 27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.

REGIONnounUS /ˈriːdʒən/

the extended spatial location of something

From this reading THE BORDER REGION OF THE DESERT.—THE TAGÁMA.

regionsnounUS /ˈriːdʒənz/

plural of “region” — the extended spatial location of something

From this reading We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.

TAGÁMA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE BORDER REGION OF THE DESERT.—THE TAGÁMA.

takingnounUS /ˈteɪkɪŋ/

the act of someone who picks up or takes something

From this reading We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE BORDER REGION OF THE DESERT.—THE TAGÁMA.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading 27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading 27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.

travellingnounUS /ˈtrævəlɪŋ/

the act of going from one place to another

From this reading 27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.

unknownadjectiveUS /ənˈnoʊn/

not known

From this reading We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We then set out, taking leave of the regions behind us, and looking forward with confidence and hope to the unknown or half-known regions before us.

villagesnounUS /ˈvɪlədʒəz/

plural of “village” — a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.

wanderingadjectiveUS /ˈwɑːndərɪŋ/

migratory

From this reading 27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading 27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading 27._—At length we were to exchange our too easy wandering for the rate of real travelling.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Early in the morning a consultation was held with the elder men of the Kél-táfidet, who had come from their villages.

Chapter 12 of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa by Heinrich Barth holds 436 sentences, grouped into 88 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa contain?

Chapter 12 holds 436 sentences of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa, unabridged, divided into 88 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa by Heinrich Barth exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 436 sentences, grouped into 88 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa?

Work through the 88 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 88 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa

Common questions about reading Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa by Heinrich Barth on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 8805 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #73138 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #73138, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1761 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa

Words and structures a reader meets early in Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Famous
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Books
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Edited
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bettany
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.