AfricanounUS /ˈæfrəkɑː/
the second largest continent; located to the south of Europe and bordered to the west by the South Atlantic and to the east by the Indian Ocean
From this reading THOSE valuable commodities, gold and ivory (the next objects of our inquiry), have probably been found in Africa from the first ages of the world.
agesnounUS /ˈeɪdʒəz/
plural of “age” — how long something has existed
From this reading THOSE valuable commodities, gold and ivory (the next objects of our inquiry), have probably been found in Africa from the first ages of the world.
amendsnounUS /əˈmendz/
a sum of money paid in compensation for loss or injury
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/
surrounded by; in the middle of a group
From this reading They are reckoned among its most important productions in the earliest records of its history.
ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading GOLD AND IVORY.
areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/
the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading They are reckoned among its most important productions in the earliest records of its history.
barrenadjectiveUS /ˈbærən/
providing no shelter or sustenance
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/
the past participle of “be”
From this reading THOSE valuable commodities, gold and ivory (the next objects of our inquiry), have probably been found in Africa from the first ages of the world.
commoditiesnounUS /kəˈmɑːdətiz/
plural of “commodity” — articles of commerce
From this reading THOSE valuable commodities, gold and ivory (the next objects of our inquiry), have probably been found in Africa from the first ages of the world.
countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/
plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/
discovered or determined by scientific observation
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
earliestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/
(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early
From this reading They are reckoned among its most important productions in the earliest records of its history.
exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/
apart from; not including
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/
preceding all others in time or space or degree
From this reading THOSE valuable commodities, gold and ivory (the next objects of our inquiry), have probably been found in Africa from the first ages of the world.
forprepositionUS /fɔːr/
intended to be given to, or used by, somebody
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
foundverbUS /faʊnd/
set up or found
From this reading THOSE valuable commodities, gold and ivory (the next objects of our inquiry), have probably been found in Africa from the first ages of the world.
fromprepositionUS /frʌm/
showing where something starts, or who sent it
From this reading THOSE valuable commodities, gold and ivory (the next objects of our inquiry), have probably been found in Africa from the first ages of the world.
GOLDnounUS /ɡoʊld/
coins made of gold
From this reading GOLD AND IVORY.
hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/
the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/
used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses
From this reading THOSE valuable commodities, gold and ivory (the next objects of our inquiry), have probably been found in Africa from the first ages of the world.
herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/
belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/
the aggregate of past events
From this reading They are reckoned among its most important productions in the earliest records of its history.
howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/
used to add a contrasting statement
From this reading This, however, is not wholly true.
importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/
of great significance or value
From this reading They are reckoned among its most important productions in the earliest records of its history.
inprepositionUS /ɪn/
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading THOSE valuable commodities, gold and ivory (the next objects of our inquiry), have probably been found in Africa from the first ages of the world.
inquirynounUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪriː/
a search for knowledge
From this reading THOSE valuable commodities, gold and ivory (the next objects of our inquiry), have probably been found in Africa from the first ages of the world.
isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
ItpronounUS /ɪt/
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/
belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned
From this reading They are reckoned among its most important productions in the earliest records of its history.
IVORYnounUS /ˈaɪvəri/
a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses
From this reading GOLD AND IVORY.
makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/
the act that results in something coming to be
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
mostadverbUS /moʊst/
used to form the superlative
From this reading They are reckoned among its most important productions in the earliest records of its history.
mountainousadjectiveUS /ˈmaʊntənəs/
having hills and crags
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
naturenounUS /ˈneɪtʃər/
the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/
not ever; at no time in the past or future
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
nextadjectiveUS /nekst/
immediately following in time or order
From this reading THOSE valuable commodities, gold and ivory (the next objects of our inquiry), have probably been found in Africa from the first ages of the world.
notadverbUS /nɑːt/
used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative
From this reading This, however, is not wholly true.
objectsnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekts/
plural of “object” — a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow
From this reading THOSE valuable commodities, gold and ivory (the next objects of our inquiry), have probably been found in Africa from the first ages of the world.
observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/
discovered or determined by scientific observation
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
ofprepositionUS /ʌv/
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading THOSE valuable commodities, gold and ivory (the next objects of our inquiry), have probably been found in Africa from the first ages of the world.
onepronounUS /wʌn/
used to mean any person in general, including the speaker
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/
used to join alternatives or possibilities
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/
not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/
belonging to the speaker and others
From this reading THOSE valuable commodities, gold and ivory (the next objects of our inquiry), have probably been found in Africa from the first ages of the world.
penuriousnessnoun
a state of lacking money
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/
with considerable certainty; without much doubt
From this reading THOSE valuable commodities, gold and ivory (the next objects of our inquiry), have probably been found in Africa from the first ages of the world.
productionsnounUS /prəˈdʌkʃənz/
plural of “production” — the act or process of producing something
From this reading They are reckoned among its most important productions in the earliest records of its history.
reckonedverbUS /ˈrekənd/
past form of “reckon” — expect, believe, or suppose
From this reading They are reckoned among its most important productions in the earliest records of its history.
recordsnounUS /rəˈkɔːrdz/
plural of “record” — anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events
From this reading They are reckoned among its most important productions in the earliest records of its history.
saidadjectiveUS /sed/
being the one previously mentioned or spoken of
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
seldomadverbUS /ˈseldəm/
not often
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/
used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
thedeterminerUS /ðə/
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading THOSE valuable commodities, gold and ivory (the next objects of our inquiry), have probably been found in Africa from the first ages of the world.
TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/
the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading They are reckoned among its most important productions in the earliest records of its history.
ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/
used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned
From this reading This, however, is not wholly true.
THOSEdeterminerUS /ðoʊz/
the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known
From this reading THOSE valuable commodities, gold and ivory (the next objects of our inquiry), have probably been found in Africa from the first ages of the world.
thusadverbUS /ðʌs/
(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
trueadjectiveUS /truː/
consistent with fact or reality; not false
From this reading This, however, is not wholly true.
valuableadjectiveUS /ˈvæljəbəl/
having great material or monetary value especially for use or exchange
From this reading THOSE valuable commodities, gold and ivory (the next objects of our inquiry), have probably been found in Africa from the first ages of the world.
waynounUS /weɪ/
how something is done or how it happens
From this reading It has been observed that gold is seldom or never discovered except in _mountainous_ and _barren_ countries—nature, it is said, thus making amends in one way for her penuriousness in the other.
whollyadverbUS /ˈhoʊli/
to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)
From this reading This, however, is not wholly true.
worldnounUS /wɜːrld/
everything that exists anywhere
From this reading THOSE valuable commodities, gold and ivory (the next objects of our inquiry), have probably been found in Africa from the first ages of the world.
