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Travels Into Bokhara (Volume 2 of 3)
Travels Into Bokhara (Volume 2 of 3)

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Travels Into Bokhara (Volume 2 of 3) is here in full — 965 sentences across 193 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Travels Into Bokhara (Volume 2 of 3)
Context Illustration Reading 1/193 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
ON THE PUNJAB, AS RULED BY RUNJEET SING.
~Limits of the Punjab.
Identity of the country as described by the Greeks.~ There are few countries on the globe defined by limits both natural and political like the Punjab.
Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.
The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Travels Into Bokhara (Volume 2 of 3)

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Travels Into Bokhara (Volume 2 of 3) is here in full — 965 sentences across 193 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/193 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ON THE PUNJAB, AS RULED BY RUNJEET SING.
Line 2
~Limits of the Punjab.
/ˈlɪməts ʌv ðə pənˈdʒɑːb/
Line 3
Identity of the country as described by the Greeks.~ There are few countries on the globe defined by limits both natural and political like the Punjab.
/aɪˈdentɪtiː ʌv ðə ˈkʌntri æz dɪˈskraɪbd baɪ ðə ɡriːks ðer ɑːr fjuː ˈkʌntriz ɑːn ðə ɡloʊb dɪˈfaɪnd baɪ ˈlɪməts boʊθ ˈnætʃərəl ənd pəˈlɪtəkəl laɪk ðə pənˈdʒɑːb/
Line 4
Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.
Line 5
The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

affix verb US /ˈæfɪks/

attach to

From this reading “Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.”

boundary noun US /ˈbaʊn.də.ri/

A line that marks the limits of an area.

From this reading “Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.”

champaign noun US /tʃæmˈpeɪn/

extensive tract of level open land

From this reading “The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.””

defined adjective US /dɪˈfaɪnd/

clearly characterized or delimited

From this reading “Identity of the country as described by the Greeks.~ There are few countries on the globe defined by limits both natural and political like the Punjab.”

historians noun US /hɪˈstɔːriənz/

plural of “historian” — a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading “The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.””

Indus noun US /ˈɪndəs/

a faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near Telescopium and Tucana

From this reading “Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.”

punjab noun US /pənˈdʒɑːb/

a historical region on northwestern India and northern Pakistan

From this reading “ON THE PUNJAB, AS RULED BY RUNJEET SING.”

terminated adjective US /ˈtɜːrməneɪtɪd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading “Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

greater part adjective + noun

In this reading “The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.””

pass through verb + particle

make a passage or journey from one place to another

In this reading “The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.””

on the east preposition + article + noun counted as “on … east”

In this reading “Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.”

name of verb + particle

In this reading “Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.”

All words in this reading · 89

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

accurateadjectiveUS /ˈækjərət/

conforming exactly or almost exactly to fact or to a standard or performing with total accuracy

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

affixverbUS /ˈæfɪks/

attach to

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

AlexandernounUS /ˌæləɡˈzændər/

European herb somewhat resembling celery widely naturalized in Britain coastal regions and often cultivated as a potherb

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Identity of the country as described by the Greeks.~ There are few countries on the globe defined by limits both natural and political like the Punjab.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Identity of the country as described by the Greeks.~ There are few countries on the globe defined by limits both natural and political like the Punjab.

ASconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading ON THE PUNJAB, AS RULED BY RUNJEET SING.

borrowedverbUS /ˈbɑːroʊd/

past form of “borrow” — get temporarily

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Identity of the country as described by the Greeks.~ There are few countries on the globe defined by limits both natural and political like the Punjab.

boundarynounUS /ˈbaʊn.də.ri/

A line that marks the limits of an area.

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

BYprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading ON THE PUNJAB, AS RULED BY RUNJEET SING.

champaignnounUS /tʃæmˈpeɪn/

extensive tract of level open land

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

chieflyadverbUS /ˈtʃiːfli/

for the most part

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

countriesnounUS /ˈkʌntriz/

plural of “country” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Identity of the country as described by the Greeks.~ There are few countries on the globe defined by limits both natural and political like the Punjab.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Identity of the country as described by the Greeks.~ There are few countries on the globe defined by limits both natural and political like the Punjab.

definedadjectiveUS /dɪˈfaɪnd/

clearly characterized or delimited

From this reading Identity of the country as described by the Greeks.~ There are few countries on the globe defined by limits both natural and political like the Punjab.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading Identity of the country as described by the Greeks.~ There are few countries on the globe defined by limits both natural and political like the Punjab.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

eastnounUS /iːst/

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Identity of the country as described by the Greeks.~ There are few countries on the globe defined by limits both natural and political like the Punjab.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

globenounUS /ɡloʊb/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading Identity of the country as described by the Greeks.~ There are few countries on the globe defined by limits both natural and political like the Punjab.

greateradjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtər/

greater in size or importance or degree

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

GreeksnounUS /ɡriːks/

plural of “greek” — the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading Identity of the country as described by the Greeks.~ There are few countries on the globe defined by limits both natural and political like the Punjab.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

Hemilaya

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

Hindostan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

historiansnounUS /hɪˈstɔːriənz/

plural of “historian” — a person who is an authority on history and who studies it and writes about it

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

IdentitynounUS /aɪˈdentɪtiː/

the distinct personality of an individual regarded as a persisting entity

From this reading Identity of the country as described by the Greeks.~ There are few countries on the globe defined by limits both natural and political like the Punjab.

IndusnounUS /ˈɪndəs/

a faint constellation in the southern hemisphere near Telescopium and Tucana

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

insomuchadverb

to such an extent or degree; so

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

kindredadjectiveUS /ˈkɪndrɪd/

similar in quality or character

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Identity of the country as described by the Greeks.~ There are few countries on the globe defined by limits both natural and political like the Punjab.

LimitsnounUS /ˈlɪməts/

plural of “limit” — the greatest possible degree of something

From this reading ~Limits of the Punjab.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

MountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

mudnounUS /mʌd/

water soaked soil; soft wet earth

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

namesnounUS /neɪmz/

verbal abuse; a crude substitute for argument

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading Identity of the country as described by the Greeks.~ There are few countries on the globe defined by limits both natural and political like the Punjab.

NorthwardadverbUS /ˈnɔːrθwərd/

in a northern direction

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

occasionedverbUS /əˈkeɪʒənd/

past form of “occasion” — give occasion to

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

oceannounUS /ˈoʊʃən/

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ~Limits of the Punjab.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading ON THE PUNJAB, AS RULED BY RUNJEET SING.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

overflowings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

passverbUS /pæs/

go across or through

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading Identity of the country as described by the Greeks.~ There are few countries on the globe defined by limits both natural and political like the Punjab.

PUNJABnounUS /pənˈdʒɑːb/

a historical region on northwestern India and northern Pakistan

From this reading ON THE PUNJAB, AS RULED BY RUNJEET SING.

quantitiesnounUS /ˈkwɑːntətiz/

plural of “quantity” — how much there is or how many there are of something that you can quantify

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

riversnounUS /ˈrɪvərz/

plural of “river” — a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

RULEDadjectiveUS /ruːld/

subject to a ruling authority

From this reading ON THE PUNJAB, AS RULED BY RUNJEET SING.

RUNJEET

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ON THE PUNJAB, AS RULED BY RUNJEET SING.

Sinde

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

SINGverbUS /sɪŋ/

deliver by singing

From this reading ON THE PUNJAB, AS RULED BY RUNJEET SING.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

streamsnounUS /striːmz/

plural of “stream” — a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

supposeverbUS /səˈpoʊz/

express a supposition

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

Sutlege

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

terminatedadjectiveUS /ˈtɜːrməneɪtɪd/

having come or been brought to a conclusion

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

territorynounUS /ˈterɪtɔːri/

a region marked off for administrative or other purposes

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ON THE PUNJAB, AS RULED BY RUNJEET SING.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Identity of the country as described by the Greeks.~ There are few countries on the globe defined by limits both natural and political like the Punjab.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

traversedverbUS /ˈtrævərst/

past form of “traverse” — travel across or pass over

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

washingnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋ/

the work of cleansing (usually with soap and water)

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

westwardadverbUS /ˈwestwərd/

toward the west

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Northward, it is terminated by the Hemilaya Mountains; westward, by the Indus or Sinde, which is also the boundary of Hindostan to the ocean; and on the east and south it has the river Sutlege, with four kindred streams, that water the country, and affix to it the name of Punjab.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading The following are the accurate words of the historians of Alexander, who traversed this territory:--“The greater part of this country is level and champaign; which is occasioned chiefly, as some suppose, by the rivers washing down quantities of mud during their overflowings, insomuch that many countries have borrowed their very names from the rivers which pass through them.”

Chapter 6 of Travels Into Bokhara (Volume 2 of 3) by Alexander, Sir Burnes holds 965 sentences, grouped into 193 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Travels Into Bokhara (Volume 2 of 3) contain?

Chapter 6 holds 965 sentences of Travels Into Bokhara (Volume 2 of 3), unabridged, divided into 193 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Travels Into Bokhara (Volume 2 of 3) by Alexander, Sir Burnes exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 965 sentences, grouped into 193 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Travels Into Bokhara (Volume 2 of 3)?

Work through the 193 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 193 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #64247, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 353 minutes of reading across 849 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Travels Into Bokhara (Volume 2 of 3)

Words and structures a reader meets early in Travels Into Bokhara (Volume 2 of 3), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Account
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Travels Into Bokhara (Volume 2 of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Kingdom
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Travels Into Bokhara (Volume 2 of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bokhara
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Travels Into Bokhara (Volume 2 of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Limits
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Travels Into Bokhara (Volume 2 of 3); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.