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Travels through France and Italy
Travels through France and Italy

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Travels through France and Italy is here in full — 78 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
NICE, November 10, 1764.
DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.
I have neither health, strength, nor opportunity to make proper collections of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions.
I am not much conversant with these branches of natural philosophy.
I have no books to direct my inquiries.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Travels through France and Italy

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of Travels through France and Italy is here in full — 78 sentences across 16 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
NICE, November 10, 1764.
Line 2
DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.
Line 3
I have neither health, strength, nor opportunity to make proper collections of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions.
/aɪ hæv ˈniːðər helθ streŋkθ nɔːr ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti tuː meɪk ˈprɑːpər kəˈlekʃənz ʌv ðə ˈmɪnərəl ˈvedʒtəbəl ənd ˈænəməl prəˈdʌkʃənz/
Line 4
I am not much conversant with these branches of natural philosophy.
/aɪ æm nɑːt mʌtʃ kənˈvɜːrsənt wɪð ðiːz ˈbræntʃəz ʌv ˈnætʃərəl fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/
Line 5
I have no books to direct my inquiries.
/aɪ hæv noʊ bʊks tuː dərˈekt maɪ ˌɪnˈkwaɪəriz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

collections noun US /kəˈlekʃənz/

plural of “collection” — several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading “I have neither health, strength, nor opportunity to make proper collections of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions.”

conversant adjective US /kənˈvɜːrsənt/

(usually followed by “with”) well informed about or knowing thoroughly

From this reading “I am not much conversant with these branches of natural philosophy.”

inquiries noun US /ˌɪnˈkwaɪəriz/

plural of “inquiry” — a search for knowledge

From this reading “I have no books to direct my inquiries.”

mineral noun US /ˈmɪnərəl/

solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition

From this reading “I have neither health, strength, nor opportunity to make proper collections of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions.”

November noun US /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading “NICE, November 10, 1764.”

productions noun US /prəˈdʌkʃənz/

plural of “production” — the act or process of producing something

From this reading “I have neither health, strength, nor opportunity to make proper collections of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions.”

unequal adjective US /əˈniːkwəl/

poorly balanced or matched in quantity or value or measure

From this reading “DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.”

vegetable noun US /ˈvedʒtəbəl/

edible seeds or roots or stems or leaves or bulbs or tubers or nonsweet fruits of any of numerous herbaceous plant

From this reading “I have neither health, strength, nor opportunity to make proper collections of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions.”

All words in this reading · 54

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NICE, November 10, 1764.

1764

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading NICE, November 10, 1764.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

altogetheradverbUS /ˌɔːltəˈɡeðər/

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I am not much conversant with these branches of natural philosophy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

animalnounUS /ˈænəməl/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading I have neither health, strength, nor opportunity to make proper collections of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading I have no books to direct my inquiries.

branchesnounUS /ˈbræntʃəz/

plural of “branch” — a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading I am not much conversant with these branches of natural philosophy.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

collectionsnounUS /kəˈlekʃənz/

plural of “collection” — several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading I have neither health, strength, nor opportunity to make proper collections of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions.

completeverbUS /kəmˈpliːt/

come or bring to a finish or an end

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

conversantadjectiveUS /kənˈvɜːrsənt/

(usually followed by “with”) well informed about or knowing thoroughly

From this reading I am not much conversant with these branches of natural philosophy.

countynounUS /ˈkaʊnti/

(United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

DEARadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

directverbUS /dərˈekt/

command with authority

From this reading I have no books to direct my inquiries.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading I have neither health, strength, nor opportunity to make proper collections of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions.

healthnounUS /helθ/

a healthy state of wellbeing free from disease

From this reading I have neither health, strength, nor opportunity to make proper collections of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

inquiriesnounUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪəriz/

plural of “inquiry” — a search for knowledge

From this reading I have no books to direct my inquiries.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading I have neither health, strength, nor opportunity to make proper collections of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions.

mineralnounUS /ˈmɪnərəl/

solid homogeneous inorganic substances occurring in nature having a definite chemical composition

From this reading I have neither health, strength, nor opportunity to make proper collections of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading I am not much conversant with these branches of natural philosophy.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading I have no books to direct my inquiries.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading I have neither health, strength, nor opportunity to make proper collections of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions.

NICEadjectiveUS /naɪs/

pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance

From this reading NICE, November 10, 1764.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading I have no books to direct my inquiries.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading I have neither health, strength, nor opportunity to make proper collections of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I am not much conversant with these branches of natural philosophy.

NovembernounUS /noʊˈvembər/

the month following October and preceding December

From this reading NICE, November 10, 1764.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

opportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading I have neither health, strength, nor opportunity to make proper collections of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions.

philosophynounUS /fɪˈlɑː.sə.fi/

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading I am not much conversant with these branches of natural philosophy.

productionsnounUS /prəˈdʌkʃənz/

plural of “production” — the act or process of producing something

From this reading I have neither health, strength, nor opportunity to make proper collections of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions.

properadjectiveUS /ˈprɑːpər/

marked by suitability or rightness or appropriateness

From this reading I have neither health, strength, nor opportunity to make proper collections of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions.

SIRnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

strengthnounUS /streŋkθ/

the property of being physically or mentally strong

From this reading I have neither health, strength, nor opportunity to make proper collections of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions.

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading I am not much conversant with these branches of natural philosophy.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

unequaladjectiveUS /əˈniːkwəl/

poorly balanced or matched in quantity or value or measure

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

vegetablenounUS /ˈvedʒtəbəl/

edible seeds or roots or stems or leaves or bulbs or tubers or nonsweet fruits of any of numerous herbaceous plant

From this reading I have neither health, strength, nor opportunity to make proper collections of the mineral, vegetable, and animal productions.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading I am not much conversant with these branches of natural philosophy.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading DEAR SIR,--I had once thoughts of writing a complete natural history of this town and county: but I found myself altogether unequal to the task.

Chapter 21 of Travels through France and Italy by T. (Tobias) Smollett holds 78 sentences, grouped into 16 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of Travels through France and Italy contain?

Chapter 21 holds 78 sentences of Travels through France and Italy, unabridged, divided into 16 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of Travels through France and Italy by T. (Tobias) Smollett exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 78 sentences, grouped into 16 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of Travels through France and Italy?

Work through the 16 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 16 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Travels through France and Italy

Common questions about reading Travels through France and Italy by T. (Tobias) Smollett on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Travels through France and Italy?

Yes. All 3988 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2311 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Travels through France and Italy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2311, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Travels through France and Italy take to read?

About 332 minutes of reading across 798 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Travels through France and Italy

Words and structures a reader meets early in Travels through France and Italy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Boulogne
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Travels through France and Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Commands
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Travels through France and Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Parting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Travels through France and Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Communicate
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Travels through France and Italy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.