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Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper
Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper is here in full — 112 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
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CHEAP FURNITURE.
ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.
In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.
For a few years we lived in the plain style with which we had begun the world.
But, when our circumstances improved, we very naturally desired to improve the appearance of things in our household.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper is here in full — 112 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
CHEAP FURNITURE.
/tʃiːp ˈfɜːrnɪtʃər/
Line 2
ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.
/wʌn ʌv ðə ˈkɑːrdənəl ˈvɜːrtʃuːz æt liːst fɔːr ˈhaʊskiːpərz huː ɑːr nɑːt ˈoʊvərˈbɜːrdənd ɪn ðə ˈmætər ʌv ˈɪnkʌm ɪz ɪˈkɑːnəmi/
Line 3
In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.
/ɪn ðə ˈɜːrli pɑːrt ʌv ˈaʊər ˈmerid laɪf ˈmɪstər smɪθ ənd ˌmaɪˈself wɜːr fɔːrst tuː ðə ˈpræktəs ʌv ðɪs ˈvɝː.tʃuː ɔːr ˌɪnˈkɜːr det ʌv wɪtʃ boʊθ ʌv ʌs hæd ə ˈnætʃərəl ˈhɔːrər/
Line 4
For a few years we lived in the plain style with which we had begun the world.
/fɔːr ə fjuː jɪrz wiː lɪvd ɪn ðə pleɪn staɪl wɪð wɪtʃ wiː hæd bɪˈɡʌn ðə wɜːrld/
Line 5
But, when our circumstances improved, we very naturally desired to improve the appearance of things in our household.
/bʌt wen ˈaʊər ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz ˌɪmˈpruːvd wiː ˈveri ˈnætʃərəli dɪˈzaɪərd tuː ˌɪmˈpruːv ðə əˈpɪrəns ʌv θɪŋz ɪn ˈaʊər ˈhaʊshoʊld/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

economy noun US /ɪˈkɑːnəmi/

the system of production and distribution and consumption

From this reading “ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.”

housekeepers noun US /ˈhaʊskiːpərz/

plural of “housekeeper” — a servant who is employed to perform domestic task in a household

From this reading “ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.”

improve verb US /ˌɪmˈpruːv/

to make better

From this reading “But, when our circumstances improved, we very naturally desired to improve the appearance of things in our household.”

improved adjective US /ˌɪmˈpruːvd/

made more desirable or valuable or profitable; especially made ready for use or marketing

From this reading “But, when our circumstances improved, we very naturally desired to improve the appearance of things in our household.”

income noun US /ˈɪnkʌm/

the financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a given period of time

From this reading “ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.”

incur verb US /ˌɪnˈkɜːr/

make oneself subject to; bring upon oneself; become liable to

From this reading “In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.”

overburdened adjective US /ˈoʊvərˈbɜːrdənd/

heavily burdened with work or cares

From this reading “ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.”

virtues noun US /ˈvɜːrtʃuːz/

plural of “virtue” — the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong

From this reading “ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.”

All words in this reading · 65

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading But, when our circumstances improved, we very naturally desired to improve the appearance of things in our household.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.

begunverbUS /bɪˈɡʌn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading For a few years we lived in the plain style with which we had begun the world.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But, when our circumstances improved, we very naturally desired to improve the appearance of things in our household.

cardinalnounUS /ˈkɑːrdənəl/

(Roman Catholic Church) one of a group of more than 100 prominent bishops in the Sacred College who advise the Pope and elect new Popes

From this reading ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.

CHEAPadjectiveUS /tʃiːp/

relatively low in price or charging low prices

From this reading CHEAP FURNITURE.

circumstancesnounUS /ˈsɜːrkəmstænsəz/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading But, when our circumstances improved, we very naturally desired to improve the appearance of things in our household.

debtnounUS /det/

the state of owing something (especially money)

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

desiredadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪərd/

wanted intensely

From this reading But, when our circumstances improved, we very naturally desired to improve the appearance of things in our household.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

economynounUS /ɪˈkɑːnəmi/

the system of production and distribution and consumption

From this reading ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading For a few years we lived in the plain style with which we had begun the world.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.

forcedadjectiveUS /fɔːrst/

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

FURNITUREnounUS /ˈfɜːrnɪtʃər/

furnishings that make a room or other area ready for occupancy

From this reading CHEAP FURNITURE.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

horrornounUS /ˈhɔːrər/

intense and profound fear

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

householdnounUS /ˈhaʊshoʊld/

a social unit living together

From this reading But, when our circumstances improved, we very naturally desired to improve the appearance of things in our household.

housekeepersnounUS /ˈhaʊskiːpərz/

plural of “housekeeper” — a servant who is employed to perform domestic task in a household

From this reading ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.

improveverbUS /ˌɪmˈpruːv/

to make better

From this reading But, when our circumstances improved, we very naturally desired to improve the appearance of things in our household.

improvedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpruːvd/

made more desirable or valuable or profitable; especially made ready for use or marketing

From this reading But, when our circumstances improved, we very naturally desired to improve the appearance of things in our household.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.

incomenounUS /ˈɪnkʌm/

the financial gain (earned or unearned) accruing over a given period of time

From this reading ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.

incurverbUS /ˌɪnˈkɜːr/

make oneself subject to; bring upon oneself; become liable to

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading For a few years we lived in the plain style with which we had begun the world.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

naturallyadverbUS /ˈnætʃərəli/

as might be expected

From this reading But, when our circumstances improved, we very naturally desired to improve the appearance of things in our household.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.

ONEpronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

overburdenedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊvərˈbɜːrdənd/

heavily burdened with work or cares

From this reading ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading For a few years we lived in the plain style with which we had begun the world.

practicenounUS /ˈpræktəs/

a customary way of operation or behavior

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

SmithnounUS /smɪθ/

Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading For a few years we lived in the plain style with which we had begun the world.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading But, when our circumstances improved, we very naturally desired to improve the appearance of things in our household.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading But, when our circumstances improved, we very naturally desired to improve the appearance of things in our household.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

virtuesnounUS /ˈvɜːrtʃuːz/

plural of “virtue” — the quality of doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong

From this reading ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading For a few years we lived in the plain style with which we had begun the world.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading But, when our circumstances improved, we very naturally desired to improve the appearance of things in our household.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the early part of our married life, Mr. Smith and myself were forced to the practice of this virtue, or incur debt, of which both of us had a natural horror.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading ONE of the cardinal virtues, at least for housekeepers who are not overburdened in the matter of income, is economy.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading For a few years we lived in the plain style with which we had begun the world.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading For a few years we lived in the plain style with which we had begun the world.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading For a few years we lived in the plain style with which we had begun the world.

Chapter 3 of Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper by T. S. (Timothy Shay) Arthur holds 112 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper contain?

Chapter 3 holds 112 sentences of Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper by T. S. (Timothy Shay) Arthur exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 112 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper

Common questions about reading Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper by T. S. (Timothy Shay) Arthur on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper?

Yes. All 4080 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #4622 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #4622, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper take to read?

About 340 minutes of reading across 816 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper

Words and structures a reader meets early in Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Something
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cooks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hadn't
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prominent
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Trials and Confessions of a Housekeeper; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.