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Troilus and Criseyde
Troilus and Criseyde

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Troilus and Criseyde is here in full — 288 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/57 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.
5 Thesiphone, thou help me for tendyte Thise woful vers, that wepen as I wryte!
To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!
For wel sit it, the sothe for to seyne, A woful wight to han a drery fere, And, to a sorwful tale, a sory chere.
For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Troilus and Criseyde

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of Troilus and Criseyde is here in full — 288 sentences across 58 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/57 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.
Line 2
5 Thesiphone, thou help me for tendyte Thise woful vers, that wepen as I wryte!
Line 3
To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!
Line 4
For wel sit it, the sothe for to seyne, A woful wight to han a drery fere, And, to a sorwful tale, a sory chere.
Line 5
For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

double verb US /ˈdʌbəl/

increase twofold

From this reading “The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.”

han noun US /hɑːn/

imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy; remembered as one of the great eras of Chinese civilization

From this reading “For wel sit it, the sothe for to seyne, A woful wight to han a drery fere, And, to a sorwful tale, a sory chere.”

instrument noun US /ˈɪnstrəmənt/

a device that requires skill for proper use

From this reading “To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!”

lovers noun US /ˈlʌvərz/

plural of “lover” — a person who loves someone or is loved by someone

From this reading “To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!”

Loves noun US /lʌvz/

plural of “love” — a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading “For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!”

speed verb US /spiːd/

move hurridly

From this reading “For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!”

torment noun US /ˈtɔːrment/

unbearable physical pain

From this reading “To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!”

wight noun US /waɪt/

a human being; “wight” is an archaic term

From this reading “For wel sit it, the sothe for to seyne, A woful wight to han a drery fere, And, to a sorwful tale, a sory chere.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!

15

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

20

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

5

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 5 Thesiphone, thou help me for tendyte Thise woful vers, that wepen as I wryte!

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading For wel sit it, the sothe for to seyne, A woful wight to han a drery fere, And, to a sorwful tale, a sory chere.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

alnounUS /æl/

a silvery ductile metallic element found primarily in bauxite

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading 5 Thesiphone, thou help me for tendyte Thise woful vers, that wepen as I wryte!

avayle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

aventures

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

chere

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For wel sit it, the sothe for to seyne, A woful wight to han a drery fere, And, to a sorwful tale, a sory chere.

clepe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!

crueladjectiveUS /ˈkruːəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!

dar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

derknesse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

doon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

doubleverbUS /ˈdʌbəl/

increase twofold

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

drery

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For wel sit it, the sothe for to seyne, A woful wight to han a drery fere, And, to a sorwful tale, a sory chere.

ernounUS /ər/

a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; occurs with yttrium

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!

fellen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

fer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

fere

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For wel sit it, the sothe for to seyne, A woful wight to han a drery fere, And, to a sorwful tale, a sory chere.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading 5 Thesiphone, thou help me for tendyte Thise woful vers, that wepen as I wryte!

Fro

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

Furie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!

gladnesse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

godnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

goddesse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!

hannounUS /hɑːn/

imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy; remembered as one of the great eras of Chinese civilization

From this reading For wel sit it, the sothe for to seyne, A woful wight to han a drery fere, And, to a sorwful tale, a sory chere.

Haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading 5 Thesiphone, thou help me for tendyte Thise woful vers, that wepen as I wryte!

helpeth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

instrumentnounUS /ˈɪnstrəmənt/

a device that requires skill for proper use

From this reading To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!

Ioye

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading For wel sit it, the sothe for to seyne, A woful wight to han a drery fere, And, to a sorwful tale, a sory chere.

kingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

LovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

lovernounUS /ˈlʌvər/

a person who loves someone or is loved by someone

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

loversnounUS /ˈlʌvərz/

plural of “lover” — a person who loves someone or is loved by someone

From this reading To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!

LovesnounUS /lʌvz/

plural of “love” — a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

lovinge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading 5 Thesiphone, thou help me for tendyte Thise woful vers, that wepen as I wryte!

MydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

myn

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

nathelees

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

NenounUS /niː/

a colorless odorless gaseous element that give a red glow in a vacuum tube; one of the six inert gasses; occurs in the air in small amounts

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

parte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

peyne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!

pleyne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!

Preyen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

Priamus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

purpos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

servaunts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

serveverbUS /sɜːrv/

serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

seyne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For wel sit it, the sothe for to seyne, A woful wight to han a drery fere, And, to a sorwful tale, a sory chere.

sholde

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

sitverbUS /sɪt/

be seated

From this reading For wel sit it, the sothe for to seyne, A woful wight to han a drery fere, And, to a sorwful tale, a sory chere.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

sone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

sorwe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

sorwful

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!

sorwing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!

sory

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For wel sit it, the sothe for to seyne, A woful wight to han a drery fere, And, to a sorwful tale, a sory chere.

sothe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For wel sit it, the sothe for to seyne, A woful wight to han a drery fere, And, to a sorwful tale, a sory chere.

speedverbUS /spiːd/

move hurridly

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

sterve

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

talenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading For wel sit it, the sothe for to seyne, A woful wight to han a drery fere, And, to a sorwful tale, a sory chere.

tellen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

tendyte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 5 Thesiphone, thou help me for tendyte Thise woful vers, that wepen as I wryte!

thankverbUS /θæŋk/

express gratitude or show appreciation to

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!

therfor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

Thesiphone

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 5 Thesiphone, thou help me for tendyte Thise woful vers, that wepen as I wryte!

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

Thise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 5 Thesiphone, thou help me for tendyte Thise woful vers, that wepen as I wryte!

thoupronounUS /ðaʊ/

an old word for “you”, as the subject, speaking to one person

From this reading 5 Thesiphone, thou help me for tendyte Thise woful vers, that wepen as I wryte!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

tormentnounUS /ˈtɔːrment/

unbearable physical pain

From this reading To thee clepe I, thou goddesse of torment, Thou cruel Furie, sorwing ever in peyne; Help me, that am the sorwful instrument 10 That helpeth lovers, as I can, to pleyne!

travayle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

Troilus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

Troye

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

unlyklinesse

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For I, that god of Loves servaunts serve, 15 Ne dar to Love, for myn unlyklinesse, Preyen for speed, al sholde I therfor sterve, So fer am I fro his help in derknesse; But nathelees, if this may doon gladnesse To any lover, and his cause avayle, 20 Have he my thank, and myn be this travayle!

vers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 5 Thesiphone, thou help me for tendyte Thise woful vers, that wepen as I wryte!

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

wel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For wel sit it, the sothe for to seyne, A woful wight to han a drery fere, And, to a sorwful tale, a sory chere.

wele

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

wepen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 5 Thesiphone, thou help me for tendyte Thise woful vers, that wepen as I wryte!

wightnounUS /waɪt/

a human being; “wight” is an archaic term

From this reading For wel sit it, the sothe for to seyne, A woful wight to han a drery fere, And, to a sorwful tale, a sory chere.

wo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

woful

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 5 Thesiphone, thou help me for tendyte Thise woful vers, that wepen as I wryte!

wryte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 5 Thesiphone, thou help me for tendyte Thise woful vers, that wepen as I wryte!

yepronounUS /jiː/

an old word for “you”, speaking to more than one person

From this reading The double sorwe of Troilus to tellen, 1 That was the king Priamus sone of Troye, In lovinge, how his aventures fellen Fro wo to wele, and after out of Ioye, My purpos is, er that I parte fro ye.

Chapter 1 of Troilus and Criseyde by Geoffrey Chaucer holds 288 sentences, grouped into 58 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of Troilus and Criseyde contain?

Chapter 1 holds 288 sentences of Troilus and Criseyde, unabridged, divided into 58 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of Troilus and Criseyde by Geoffrey Chaucer exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 288 sentences, grouped into 58 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of Troilus and Criseyde?

Work through the 58 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 58 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Troilus and Criseyde

Common questions about reading Troilus and Criseyde by Geoffrey Chaucer on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Troilus and Criseyde?

Yes. All 2442 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #257 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Troilus and Criseyde is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #257, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Troilus and Criseyde take to read?

About 203 minutes of reading across 489 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Troilus and Criseyde section by section

How to work through Troilus and Criseyde section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 5 chapters of Troilus and Criseyde to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Troilus and Criseyde

Words and structures a reader meets early in Troilus and Criseyde, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Double
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Troilus and Criseyde; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sorwe
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Troilus and Criseyde; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Troilus
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Troilus and Criseyde; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tellen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Troilus and Criseyde; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.