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True Stories of History and Biography
True Stories of History and Biography

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of True Stories of History and Biography is here in full — 35 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
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Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.
Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.
He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.
He heard Clara’s gladsome voice, too, as she weeded and watered the flower-bed which had been given her for her own.
He could have counted every footstep that Charley took, as he trundled his wheelbarrow along the gravel walk.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

True Stories of History and Biography

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of True Stories of History and Biography is here in full — 35 sentences across 7 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.
Line 2
Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.
/səmˈtaɪmz juː wʊd hæv sed ˈɡrændfɑːðər ɪz əˈsliːp bʌt stɪl ˈiːvɪn wen hɪz aɪz wɜːr kloʊzd hɪz θɔːts wɜːr wɪð ðə jʌŋ ˈpiːpəl ˈpleɪɪŋ əˈmʌŋ ðə ˈflaʊərz ənd ˈʃrʌbəri ʌv ðə ˈɡɑːrdən/
Line 3
He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.
Line 4
He heard Clara’s gladsome voice, too, as she weeded and watered the flower-bed which had been given her for her own.
Line 5
He could have counted every footstep that Charley took, as he trundled his wheelbarrow along the gravel walk.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

decayed adjective US /dəˈkeɪd/

damaged by decay; hence unsound and useless

From this reading “He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.”

footstep noun US /ˈfʊtstep/

the sound of a step of someone walking

From this reading “He could have counted every footstep that Charley took, as he trundled his wheelbarrow along the gravel walk.”

lopped verb US /lɑːpt/

inflected form of “lop” — cut off from a whole

From this reading “He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.”

shrubbery noun US /ˈʃrʌbəri/

an area where a number of shrubs are planted

From this reading “Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.”

trundled verb US /ˈtrʌndəld/

past form of “trundle” — move heavily

From this reading “He could have counted every footstep that Charley took, as he trundled his wheelbarrow along the gravel walk.”

watered adjective US /ˈwɔːtərd/

(of silk fabric) having a wavelike pattern

From this reading “He heard Clara’s gladsome voice, too, as she weeded and watered the flower-bed which had been given her for her own.”

weeded verb US /ˈwiːdɪd/

past form of “weed” — clear of weeds

From this reading “He heard Clara’s gladsome voice, too, as she weeded and watered the flower-bed which had been given her for her own.”

wheelbarrow noun US /ˈwiːlberoʊ/

a cart for carrying small loads; has handles and one or more wheels

From this reading “He could have counted every footstep that Charley took, as he trundled his wheelbarrow along the gravel walk.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading He could have counted every footstep that Charley took, as he trundled his wheelbarrow along the gravel walk.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

arm-chair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading He heard Clara’s gladsome voice, too, as she weeded and watered the flower-bed which had been given her for her own.

asleepadjectiveUS /əˈsliːp/

in a state of sleep

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

branchesnounUS /ˈbræntʃəz/

plural of “branch” — a division of some larger or more complex organization

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

Charley

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He could have counted every footstep that Charley took, as he trundled his wheelbarrow along the gravel walk.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

Clara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

Clara's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He heard Clara’s gladsome voice, too, as she weeded and watered the flower-bed which had been given her for her own.

closedadjectiveUS /kloʊzd/

not open or affording passage or access

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading He could have counted every footstep that Charley took, as he trundled his wheelbarrow along the gravel walk.

countedverbUS /ˈkaʊntɪd/

past form of “count” — determine the number or amount of

From this reading He could have counted every footstep that Charley took, as he trundled his wheelbarrow along the gravel walk.

cousinnounUS /ˈkʌzən/

the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

decayedadjectiveUS /dəˈkeɪd/

damaged by decay; hence unsound and useless

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading He could have counted every footstep that Charley took, as he trundled his wheelbarrow along the gravel walk.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

flower-bed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He heard Clara’s gladsome voice, too, as she weeded and watered the flower-bed which had been given her for her own.

flowersnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

footstepnounUS /ˈfʊtstep/

the sound of a step of someone walking

From this reading He could have counted every footstep that Charley took, as he trundled his wheelbarrow along the gravel walk.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

fruitnounUS /fruːt/

the ripened reproductive body of a seed plant

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

gardennounUS /ˈɡɑːrdən/

a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

gardenernounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənər/

someone who takes care of a garden

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading He heard Clara’s gladsome voice, too, as she weeded and watered the flower-bed which had been given her for her own.

gladsomeadjective

experiencing or expressing gladness or joy

From this reading He heard Clara’s gladsome voice, too, as she weeded and watered the flower-bed which had been given her for her own.

GrandfathernounUS /ˈɡrændfɑːðər/

the father of your father or mother

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

gravelnounUS /ˈɡrævəl/

rock fragments and pebbles

From this reading He could have counted every footstep that Charley took, as he trundled his wheelbarrow along the gravel walk.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

heapnounUS /hiːp/

a collection of objects laid on top of each other

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading He heard Clara’s gladsome voice, too, as she weeded and watered the flower-bed which had been given her for her own.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

hutnounUS /hʌt/

temporary military shelter

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

Laurence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

loppedverbUS /lɑːpt/

inflected form of “lop” — cut off from a whole

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading He heard Clara’s gladsome voice, too, as she weeded and watered the flower-bed which had been given her for her own.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

playingnounUS /ˈpleɪɪŋ/

the act of playing a musical instrument

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

pleasantadjectiveUS /ˈplezənt/

affording pleasure; being in harmony with your taste or likings

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

possessionnounUS /pəˈzeʃən/

the act of having and controlling property

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

pursuingadjectiveUS /pərˈsuːɪŋ/

following in order to overtake or capture or as accompaniment to such pursuit

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He heard Clara’s gladsome voice, too, as she weeded and watered the flower-bed which had been given her for her own.

shrubberynounUS /ˈʃrʌbəri/

an area where a number of shrubs are planted

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

sittingnounUS /ˈsɪtɪŋ/

(photography) the act of assuming a certain position (as for a photograph or portrait)

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

SometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

sportsnounUS /spɔːrts/

plural of “sport” — an active diversion requiring physical exertion and competition

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading He heard Clara’s gladsome voice, too, as she weeded and watered the flower-bed which had been given her for her own.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading He could have counted every footstep that Charley took, as he trundled his wheelbarrow along the gravel walk.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

trundledverbUS /ˈtrʌndəld/

past form of “trundle” — move heavily

From this reading He could have counted every footstep that Charley took, as he trundled his wheelbarrow along the gravel walk.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

voicenounUS /vɔɪs/

the distinctive quality or pitch or condition of a person's speech

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

walknounUS /wɔːk/

the act of traveling by foot

From this reading He could have counted every footstep that Charley took, as he trundled his wheelbarrow along the gravel walk.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

wateredadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːtərd/

(of silk fabric) having a wavelike pattern

From this reading He heard Clara’s gladsome voice, too, as she weeded and watered the flower-bed which had been given her for her own.

weededverbUS /ˈwiːdɪd/

past form of “weed” — clear of weeds

From this reading He heard Clara’s gladsome voice, too, as she weeded and watered the flower-bed which had been given her for her own.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

wheelbarrownounUS /ˈwiːlberoʊ/

a cart for carrying small loads; has handles and one or more wheels

From this reading He could have counted every footstep that Charley took, as he trundled his wheelbarrow along the gravel walk.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Grandfather had been sitting in his old arm-chair, all that pleasant afternoon, while the children were pursuing their various sports, far off or near at hand.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading He heard the voice of Laurence, who had taken possession of a heap of decayed branches which the gardener had lopped from the fruit trees, and was building a little hut for his cousin Clara and himself.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading Sometimes you would have said, "Grandfather is asleep;" but still, even when his eyes were closed, his thoughts were with the young people, playing among the flowers and shrubbery of the garden.

Chapter 1 of True Stories of History and Biography by Nathaniel Hawthorne holds 35 sentences, grouped into 7 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of True Stories of History and Biography contain?

Chapter 1 holds 35 sentences of True Stories of History and Biography, unabridged, divided into 7 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of True Stories of History and Biography by Nathaniel Hawthorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 35 sentences, grouped into 7 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of True Stories of History and Biography?

Work through the 7 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 7 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading True Stories of History and Biography

Common questions about reading True Stories of History and Biography by Nathaniel Hawthorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of True Stories of History and Biography?

Yes. All 3836 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #15697 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of True Stories of History and Biography is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #15697, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does True Stories of History and Biography take to read?

About 319 minutes of reading across 768 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read True Stories of History and Biography section by section

How to work through True Stories of History and Biography section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of True Stories of History and Biography to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in True Stories of History and Biography

Words and structures a reader meets early in True Stories of History and Biography, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Grandfather
A word that appears in the opening chapter of True Stories of History and Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sitting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of True Stories of History and Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Arm-chair
A word that appears in the opening chapter of True Stories of History and Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pleasant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of True Stories of History and Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.