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True Stories of History and Biography
True Stories of History and Biography

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of True Stories of History and Biography is here in full — 67 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
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"According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.
It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.
Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.
This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."
"Here is the very leg that was broken!" exclaimed Charley, throwing himself down on the floor to look at it.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

True Stories of History and Biography

Chapter VI · Chapter 6

Chapter 6 of True Stories of History and Biography is here in full — 67 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.
/əˈkɔːrdɪŋ tuː ðə moʊst əˈθentɪk rəˈkɔːrdz maɪ dɪr ˈtʃɪldrən sed ˈɡrændfɑːðər ðə tʃer əˈbaʊt ðɪs taɪm hæd ðə mɪˈsfɔːrtʃən tuː breɪk ɪts leɡ/
Line 2
It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.
Line 3
Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.
Line 4
This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."
/ðɪs oʊld ˈdʒentəlmən ɑːn ˈkerfəli ɪɡˈzæmɪnɪŋ ðə meɪmd tʃer dɪˈskʌvərd ðæt ɪts ˈbroʊkən leɡ maɪt biː klæmpt wɪð ˈaɪərn ənd meɪd æz ˈsɜːrvəsəbəl æz ˈevər/
Line 5
"Here is the very leg that was broken!" exclaimed Charley, throwing himself down on the floor to look at it.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

auction noun US /ˈɑːkʃən/

a variety of bridge in which tricks made in excess of the contract are scored toward game; now generally superseded by contract bridge

From this reading “Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.”

authentic adjective US /əˈθentɪk/

conforming to fact and therefore worthy of belief

From this reading “"According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.”

clamped verb US /klæmpt/

past form of “clamp” — fasten or fix with a clamp

From this reading “This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."”

commonwealth noun US /ˈkɑːmənwelθ/

the official name of some states in the United States (Massachusetts and Pennsylvania and Virginia and Kentucky) and associated territories (Puerto Rico)

From this reading “It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.”

governors noun US /ˈɡʌvərnərz/

plural of “governor” — the head of a state government

From this reading “It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.”

maimed noun US /meɪmd/

people who are wounded

From this reading “This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."”

serviceable adjective US /ˈsɜːrvəsəbəl/

ready for service or able to give long service

From this reading “This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."”

vicissitude noun US /ˌvɪˈsɪsɪtuːd/

a variation in circumstances or fortune at different times in your life or in the development of something

From this reading “Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

accidentnounUS /ˈæksədənt/

an unfortunate mishap; especially one causing damage or injury

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

AccordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

alasexclamationUS /əˈlæs/

used to show sadness, pity, or regret

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."

assuredlyadverbUS /əˈʃʊrədli/

without a doubt

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

auctionnounUS /ˈɑːkʃən/

a variety of bridge in which tricks made in excess of the contract are scored toward game; now generally superseded by contract bridge

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

authenticadjectiveUS /əˈθentɪk/

conforming to fact and therefore worthy of belief

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

Beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

breakverbUS /breɪk/

terminate

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."

CaptainnounUS /ˈkæptən/

an officer holding a rank below a major but above a lieutenant

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

carefullyadverbUS /ˈkerfəli/

taking care or paying attention

From this reading This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."

ceasedverbUS /siːst/

past form of “cease” — put an end to a state or an activity

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

Charley

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Here is the very leg that was broken!" exclaimed Charley, throwing himself down on the floor to look at it.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

clampedverbUS /klæmpt/

past form of “clamp” — fasten or fix with a clamp

From this reading This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."

commonwealthnounUS /ˈkɑːmənwelθ/

the official name of some states in the United States (Massachusetts and Pennsylvania and Virginia and Kentucky) and associated territories (Puerto Rico)

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

discoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."

evilnounUS /ˈiːvəl/

morally objectionable behavior

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

examiningverbUS /ɪɡˈzæmɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “examine” — consider in detail and subject to an analysis in order to discover essential features or meaning

From this reading This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."

exclaimedverbUS /ɪkˈskleɪmd/

past form of “exclaim” — utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy

From this reading "Here is the very leg that was broken!" exclaimed Charley, throwing himself down on the floor to look at it.

figuredadjectiveUS /ˈfɪɡjərd/

(of e.g. fabric design) adorned with patterns

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading "Here is the very leg that was broken!" exclaimed Charley, throwing himself down on the floor to look at it.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

gentlemannounUS /ˈdʒentəlmən/

a man of refinement

From this reading This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."

governorsnounUS /ˈɡʌvərnərz/

plural of “governor” — the head of a state government

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

GrandfathernounUS /ˈɡrændfɑːðər/

the father of your father or mother

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading "Here is the very leg that was broken!" exclaimed Charley, throwing himself down on the floor to look at it.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading "Here is the very leg that was broken!" exclaimed Charley, throwing himself down on the floor to look at it.

HullnounUS /hʌl/

dry outer covering of a fruit or seed or nut

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Here is the very leg that was broken!" exclaimed Charley, throwing himself down on the floor to look at it.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

knockedverbUS /nɑːkt/

past form of “knock” — deliver a sharp blow or push

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

legnounUS /leɡ/

a human limb; commonly used to refer to a whole limb but technically only the part of the limb between the knee and ankle

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

legsnounUS /leɡz/

staying power

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading "Here is the very leg that was broken!" exclaimed Charley, throwing himself down on the floor to look at it.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."

maimednounUS /meɪmd/

people who are wounded

From this reading This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."

MassachusettsnounUS /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsəts/

a state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."

misfortunenounUS /mɪˈsfɔːrtʃən/

unnecessary and unforeseen trouble resulting from an unfortunate event

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."

ominousadjectiveUS /ˈɑːmənəs/

threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developments

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

recordsnounUS /rəˈkɔːrdz/

plural of “record” — anything (such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph) providing permanent evidence of or information about past events

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

serviceableadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrvəsəbəl/

ready for service or able to give long service

From this reading This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."

soldadjectiveUS /soʊld/

disposed of to a purchaser

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

throwingverbUS /ˈθroʊɪŋ/

-ing form of “throw” — propel through the air

From this reading "Here is the very leg that was broken!" exclaimed Charley, throwing himself down on the floor to look at it.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "According to the most authentic records, my dear children," said Grandfather, "the chair, about this time, had the misfortune to break its leg.

tottered

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

venerableadjectiveUS /ˈvenərəbəl/

impressive by reason of age

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading "Here is the very leg that was broken!" exclaimed Charley, throwing himself down on the floor to look at it.

vicissitudenounUS /ˌvɪˈsɪsɪtuːd/

a variation in circumstances or fortune at different times in your life or in the development of something

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading Being therefore sold at auction,—alas! what a vicissitude for a chair that had figured in such high company, our venerable friend was knocked down to a certain Captain John Hull.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading This old gentleman, on carefully examining the maimed chair, discovered that its broken leg might be clamped with iron and made as serviceable as ever."

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading It was probably on account of this accident, that it ceased to be the seat of the governors of Massachusetts; for, assuredly, it would have been ominous of evil to the commonwealth, if the Chair of State had tottered upon three legs.

Chapter 6 of True Stories of History and Biography by Nathaniel Hawthorne holds 67 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of True Stories of History and Biography contain?

Chapter 6 holds 67 sentences of True Stories of History and Biography, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of True Stories of History and Biography by Nathaniel Hawthorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 67 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of True Stories of History and Biography?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading True Stories of History and Biography

Common questions about reading True Stories of History and Biography by Nathaniel Hawthorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of True Stories of History and Biography?

Yes. All 3836 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #15697 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of True Stories of History and Biography is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #15697, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does True Stories of History and Biography take to read?

About 319 minutes of reading across 768 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read True Stories of History and Biography section by section

How to work through True Stories of History and Biography section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of True Stories of History and Biography to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in True Stories of History and Biography

Words and structures a reader meets early in True Stories of History and Biography, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Grandfather
A word that appears in the opening chapter of True Stories of History and Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sitting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of True Stories of History and Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Arm-chair
A word that appears in the opening chapter of True Stories of History and Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pleasant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of True Stories of History and Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.