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True Stories of History and Biography
True Stories of History and Biography

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of True Stories of History and Biography is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"And what became of the chair," inquired Clara.
"The outward aspect of our chair," replied Grandfather, "was now somewhat the worse for its long and arduous services.
It was considered hardly magnificent enough to be allowed to keep its place in the council chamber of Massachusetts.
In fact, it was banished as an article of useless lumber.
But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

True Stories of History and Biography

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of True Stories of History and Biography is here in full — 114 sentences across 23 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"And what became of the chair," inquired Clara.
Line 2
"The outward aspect of our chair," replied Grandfather, "was now somewhat the worse for its long and arduous services.
/ðə ˈaʊtwərd ˈæspekt ʌv ˈaʊər tʃer rɪˈplaɪd ˈɡrændfɑːðər wɑːz naʊ ˈsʌmˈwʌt ðə wɜːrs fɔːr ɪts lɔːŋ ənd ˈɑːrdʒuːəs ˈsɜːrvəsəz/
Line 3
It was considered hardly magnificent enough to be allowed to keep its place in the council chamber of Massachusetts.
/ɪt wɑːz kənˈsɪdərd ˈhɑːrdli mæɡˈnɪfəsənt ɪˈnʌf tuː biː əˈlaʊd tuː kiːp ɪts pleɪs ɪn ðə ˈkaʊnsəl ˈtʃeɪmbər ʌv ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsəts/
Line 4
In fact, it was banished as an article of useless lumber.
/ɪn fækt ɪt wɑːz ˈbænɪʃt æz æn ˈɑːrtəkəl ʌv ˈjuːsləs ˈlʌmbər/
Line 5
But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arduous adjective US /ˈɑːrdʒuːəs/

characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort

From this reading “"The outward aspect of our chair," replied Grandfather, "was now somewhat the worse for its long and arduous services.”

banished verb US /ˈbænɪʃt/

past form of “banish” — expel from a community or group

From this reading “In fact, it was banished as an article of useless lumber.”

construction noun US /kənˈstrʌkʃən/

the act of constructing something

From this reading “But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.”

lumber noun US /ˈlʌmbər/

the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material

From this reading “In fact, it was banished as an article of useless lumber.”

mansion noun US /ˈmænʃən/

(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided

From this reading “But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.”

Massachusetts noun US /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsəts/

a state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading “It was considered hardly magnificent enough to be allowed to keep its place in the council chamber of Massachusetts.”

outward adjective US /ˈaʊtwərd/

relating to physical reality rather than with thoughts or the mind

From this reading “"The outward aspect of our chair," replied Grandfather, "was now somewhat the worse for its long and arduous services.”

services noun US /ˈsɜːrvəsəz/

performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others

From this reading “"The outward aspect of our chair," replied Grandfather, "was now somewhat the worse for its long and arduous services.”

All words in this reading · 62

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

allowedverbUS /əˈlaʊd/

past form of “allow” — make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading It was considered hardly magnificent enough to be allowed to keep its place in the council chamber of Massachusetts.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading In fact, it was banished as an article of useless lumber.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "And what became of the chair," inquired Clara.

arduousadjectiveUS /ˈɑːrdʒuːəs/

characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort

From this reading "The outward aspect of our chair," replied Grandfather, "was now somewhat the worse for its long and arduous services.

articlenounUS /ˈɑːrtəkəl/

nonfictional prose forming an independent part of a publication

From this reading In fact, it was banished as an article of useless lumber.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading In fact, it was banished as an article of useless lumber.

aspectnounUS /ˈæspekt/

a distinct feature or element in a problem

From this reading "The outward aspect of our chair," replied Grandfather, "was now somewhat the worse for its long and arduous services.

banishedverbUS /ˈbænɪʃt/

past form of “banish” — expel from a community or group

From this reading In fact, it was banished as an article of useless lumber.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading It was considered hardly magnificent enough to be allowed to keep its place in the council chamber of Massachusetts.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading "And what became of the chair," inquired Clara.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

chairnounUS /tʃer/

a seat for one person, with a support for the back

From this reading "And what became of the chair," inquired Clara.

chambernounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbər/

a natural or artificial enclosed space

From this reading It was considered hardly magnificent enough to be allowed to keep its place in the council chamber of Massachusetts.

Clara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "And what became of the chair," inquired Clara.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading It was considered hardly magnificent enough to be allowed to keep its place in the council chamber of Massachusetts.

constructionnounUS /kənˈstrʌkʃən/

the act of constructing something

From this reading But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

councilnounUS /ˈkaʊnsəl/

a body serving in an administrative capacity

From this reading It was considered hardly magnificent enough to be allowed to keep its place in the council chamber of Massachusetts.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading It was considered hardly magnificent enough to be allowed to keep its place in the council chamber of Massachusetts.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading In fact, it was banished as an article of useless lumber.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "The outward aspect of our chair," replied Grandfather, "was now somewhat the worse for its long and arduous services.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

GrandfathernounUS /ˈɡrændfɑːðər/

the father of your father or mother

From this reading "The outward aspect of our chair," replied Grandfather, "was now somewhat the worse for its long and arduous services.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading It was considered hardly magnificent enough to be allowed to keep its place in the council chamber of Massachusetts.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It was considered hardly magnificent enough to be allowed to keep its place in the council chamber of Massachusetts.

inquiredverbUS /ˌɪnˈkwaɪərd/

past form of “inquire” — address a question to and expect an answer from

From this reading "And what became of the chair," inquired Clara.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was considered hardly magnificent enough to be allowed to keep its place in the council chamber of Massachusetts.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading "The outward aspect of our chair," replied Grandfather, "was now somewhat the worse for its long and arduous services.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading It was considered hardly magnificent enough to be allowed to keep its place in the council chamber of Massachusetts.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading "The outward aspect of our chair," replied Grandfather, "was now somewhat the worse for its long and arduous services.

lumbernounUS /ˈlʌmbər/

the wood of trees cut and prepared for use as building material

From this reading In fact, it was banished as an article of useless lumber.

magnificentadjectiveUS /mæɡˈnɪfəsənt/

characterized by grandeur

From this reading It was considered hardly magnificent enough to be allowed to keep its place in the council chamber of Massachusetts.

mansionnounUS /ˈmænʃən/

(astrology) one of 12 equal areas into which the zodiac is divided

From this reading But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

MassachusettsnounUS /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsəts/

a state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading It was considered hardly magnificent enough to be allowed to keep its place in the council chamber of Massachusetts.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading "The outward aspect of our chair," replied Grandfather, "was now somewhat the worse for its long and arduous services.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "And what became of the chair," inquired Clara.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading "The outward aspect of our chair," replied Grandfather, "was now somewhat the worse for its long and arduous services.

outwardadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtwərd/

relating to physical reality rather than with thoughts or the mind

From this reading "The outward aspect of our chair," replied Grandfather, "was now somewhat the worse for its long and arduous services.

Phips

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading It was considered hardly magnificent enough to be allowed to keep its place in the council chamber of Massachusetts.

pleasedadjectiveUS /pliːzd/

experiencing or manifesting pleasure

From this reading But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

repliedverbUS /rɪˈplaɪd/

inflected form of “reply” — react verbally

From this reading "The outward aspect of our chair," replied Grandfather, "was now somewhat the worse for its long and arduous services.

resolvedadjectiveUS /riˈzɑːlvd/

determined

From this reading But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

servicesnounUS /ˈsɜːrvəsəz/

performance of duties or provision of space and equipment helpful to others

From this reading "The outward aspect of our chair," replied Grandfather, "was now somewhat the worse for its long and arduous services.

SirnounUS /sɜːr/

term of address for a man

From this reading But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading "The outward aspect of our chair," replied Grandfather, "was now somewhat the worse for its long and arduous services.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "And what became of the chair," inquired Clara.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was considered hardly magnificent enough to be allowed to keep its place in the council chamber of Massachusetts.

uselessadjectiveUS /ˈjuːsləs/

having no beneficial use or incapable of functioning usefully

From this reading In fact, it was banished as an article of useless lumber.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "The outward aspect of our chair," replied Grandfather, "was now somewhat the worse for its long and arduous services.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading "And what became of the chair," inquired Clara.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading But Sir William Phips happened to see it and being much pleased with its construction, resolved to take the good old chair into his private mansion.

worseadjectiveUS /wɜːrs/

(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability

From this reading "The outward aspect of our chair," replied Grandfather, "was now somewhat the worse for its long and arduous services.

Chapter 10 of True Stories of History and Biography by Nathaniel Hawthorne holds 114 sentences, grouped into 23 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of True Stories of History and Biography contain?

Chapter 10 holds 114 sentences of True Stories of History and Biography, unabridged, divided into 23 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of True Stories of History and Biography by Nathaniel Hawthorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 114 sentences, grouped into 23 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of True Stories of History and Biography?

Work through the 23 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 23 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading True Stories of History and Biography

Common questions about reading True Stories of History and Biography by Nathaniel Hawthorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of True Stories of History and Biography?

Yes. All 3836 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #15697 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of True Stories of History and Biography is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #15697, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does True Stories of History and Biography take to read?

About 319 minutes of reading across 768 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read True Stories of History and Biography section by section

How to work through True Stories of History and Biography section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of True Stories of History and Biography to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in True Stories of History and Biography

Words and structures a reader meets early in True Stories of History and Biography, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Grandfather
A word that appears in the opening chapter of True Stories of History and Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sitting
A word that appears in the opening chapter of True Stories of History and Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Arm-chair
A word that appears in the opening chapter of True Stories of History and Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pleasant
A word that appears in the opening chapter of True Stories of History and Biography; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.