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True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2)
True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2)

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2) is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2)
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
LIPPENSTOCK BAY.
The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.
Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.
Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.
His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2)

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2) is here in full — 143 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LIPPENSTOCK BAY.
Line 2
The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.
Line 3
Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.
Line 4
Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.
Line 5
His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.
/hɪz lʌk ɔːr ɡʊd ˈmænədʒmənt wɑːz rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl fɔːr ˈsʌmhaʊ ðoʊ ðə ˈleɪdi wɑːz kənˈspɪkjuːəsli ˈɡreɪʃəs ənd enˈkɜːrɪdʒɪŋ tuː ðə rest ɪt wɑːz ˈnɪrli ˈɔːlweɪz tuː hɪm ðæt ɪt fel tuː eˈskɔːrt hɜːr/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arrivals noun US /ərˈaɪvəlz/

plural of “arrival” — accomplishment of an objective

From this reading “The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.”

buggies noun US /ˈbʌɡiz/

plural of “buggy” — a small lightweight carriage; drawn by a single horse

From this reading “Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.”

competitors noun US /kəmˈpetətərz/

plural of “competitor” — the contestant you hope to defeat

From this reading “Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.”

comprising verb US /kəmˈpraɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “comprise” — be composed of

From this reading “Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.”

conspicuously adverb US /kənˈspɪkjuːəsli/

in a manner tending to attract attention

From this reading “His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.”

loquacious adjective US /loʊˈkweɪʃəs/

full of trivial conversation

From this reading “Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.”

Omnibuses noun US /ˈɑːmnəbəsəz/

plural of “omnibus” — an anthology of articles on a related subject or an anthology of the works of a single author

From this reading “Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.”

supplant verb US /səˈplænt/

take the place or move into the position of

From this reading “Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

next morning adjective + noun

In this reading “The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.”

last night's adjective + noun counted as “last night”

In this reading “The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.”

strove hard verb + adjective counted as “strive hard”

In this reading “Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.”

good management adjective + noun

In this reading “His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.”

came down verb + adjective counted as “come down”

move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

In this reading “Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.”

borne away verb + particle counted as “bear away”

remove from a certain place, environment, or mental or emotional state; transport into a new location or state

In this reading “Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.”

before the door preposition + article + noun counted as “before … door”

In this reading “Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.”

in the hotel preposition + article + noun counted as “in … hotel”

In this reading “The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.”

All words in this reading · 84

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

arrivalsnounUS /ərˈaɪvəlz/

plural of “arrival” — accomplishment of an objective

From this reading The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

astiradjective

out of bed

From this reading The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

BAYnounUS /beɪ/

an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading LIPPENSTOCK BAY.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

borneverbUS /bɔːrn/

inflected form of “bear” — have

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

buggiesnounUS /ˈbʌɡiz/

plural of “buggy” — a small lightweight carriage; drawn by a single horse

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

buggynounUS /ˈbʌɡi/

a small lightweight carriage; drawn by a single horse

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

bustlenounUS /ˈbʌsəl/

a rapid active commotion

From this reading The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

carriagesnounUS /ˈkærɪdʒɪz/

plural of “carriage” — a railcar where passengers ride

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

companynounUS /ˈkʌmpəniː/

an institution created to conduct business

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

competitorsnounUS /kəmˈpetətərz/

plural of “competitor” — the contestant you hope to defeat

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

comprisingverbUS /kəmˈpraɪzɪŋ/

-ing form of “comprise” — be composed of

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

conspicuouslyadverbUS /kənˈspɪkjuːəsli/

in a manner tending to attract attention

From this reading His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.

encouragingadjectiveUS /enˈkɜːrɪdʒɪŋ/

giving courage or confidence or hope

From this reading His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.

ereconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.

escortnounUS /eˈskɔːrt/

someone who escorts and protects a prominent person

From this reading His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.

graciousadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪʃəs/

characterized by charm, good taste, and generosity of spirit

From this reading His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.

guestsnounUS /ɡests/

plural of “guest” — a visitor to whom hospitality is extended

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.

Hillyard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

hotelnounUS /hoʊˈtel/

a building where travelers can pay for lodging and meals and other services

From this reading The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.

JosephnounUS /ˈdʒoʊsəf/

leader of the Nez Perce in their retreat from United States troops (1840-1904)

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

ladynounUS /ˈleɪdi/

a polite name for any woman

From this reading His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

LIPPENSTOCK

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LIPPENSTOCK BAY.

loquaciousadjectiveUS /loʊˈkweɪʃəs/

full of trivial conversation

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

lucknounUS /lʌk/

your overall circumstances or condition in life (including everything that happens to you)

From this reading His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.

managementnounUS /ˈmænədʒmənt/

the act of managing something

From this reading His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.

Naylor

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.

night'snounUS /naɪts/

possessive form of “night” — the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

OmnibusesnounUS /ˈɑːmnəbəsəz/

plural of “omnibus” — an anthology of articles on a related subject or an anthology of the works of a single author

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.

pleasure-seekers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

remarkableadjectiveUS /rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl/

unusual or striking

From this reading His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.

RosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

saddle-horses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

somehowadverbUS /ˈsʌmhaʊ/

in some unspecified way or manner; or by some unspecified means

From this reading His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

stroveverbUS /stroʊv/

inflected form of “strive” — attempt by employing effort

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

supplantverbUS /səˈplænt/

take the place or move into the position of

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading His luck or good management was remarkable; for somehow, though the lady was conspicuously gracious and encouraging to the rest, it was nearly always to him that it fell to escort her.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

three-fourthsnoun

three of four equal parts

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

waitedverbUS /ˈweɪtɪd/

past form of “wait” — stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading Omnibuses, carriages, buggies, and a few saddle-horses, waited before the door, and soon a loquacious company of pleasure-seekers, comprising three-fourths of all the guests, came down and were borne away.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Joseph Naylor had the buggy which led, Rose Hillyard by his side, as nearly always happened now--though he had many competitors who strove hard to supplant him.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading The next morning early, ere yet the last night's arrivals were astir, there was bustle in the hotel.

Chapter 16 of True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2) by Robert Cleland holds 143 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2) contain?

Chapter 16 holds 143 sentences of True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2), unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2) by Robert Cleland exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 143 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2)?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2)

Common questions about reading True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2) by Robert Cleland on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2)?

Yes. All 2716 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #40324 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2) is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #40324, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2) take to read?

About 226 minutes of reading across 544 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2) section by section

How to work through True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2) section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 19 chapters of True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2) to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2)

Words and structures a reader meets early in True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2), each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Prologue
A word that appears in the opening chapter of True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Evening
A word that appears in the opening chapter of True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Orleans--the
A word that appears in the opening chapter of True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Brief
A word that appears in the opening chapter of True to a Type, Vol. 1 (of 2); the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.