Chapter VIII

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

Extreme physical or mental suffering; intense anguish.

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

at or in the front

From this reading We marched into the vicinity of some hundreds of huts, and sent Clarence on ahead to present our compliments to the Mullah and express our desire to call on him.

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading We also sent along a consignment of gifts likely to appeal to a learned man--a Koran, a _tusba_, and a couple of tobes, for even a Mullah has to have clothes, anyway, in Somaliland.

in addition

From this reading We also sent along a consignment of gifts likely to appeal to a learned man--a Koran, a _tusba_, and a couple of tobes, for even a Mullah has to have clothes, anyway, in Somaliland.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading These men are Mahomedans with an eye to business, religious, influential, knowing the value of education, and are often quite learned.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

used to indicate that a statement explains or supports a previous statement

From this reading We also sent along a consignment of gifts likely to appeal to a learned man--a Koran, a _tusba_, and a couple of tobes, for even a Mullah has to have clothes, anyway, in Somaliland.

take a court case to a higher court for review

From this reading We also sent along a consignment of gifts likely to appeal to a learned man--a Koran, a _tusba_, and a couple of tobes, for even a Mullah has to have clothes, anyway, in Somaliland.

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

earlier than; in front of

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading These men are Mahomedans with an eye to business, religious, influential, knowing the value of education, and are often quite learned.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading We marched into the vicinity of some hundreds of huts, and sent Clarence on ahead to present our compliments to the Mullah and express our desire to call on him.

a closed carriage with four wheels and seats for four passengers

From this reading We marched into the vicinity of some hundreds of huts, and sent Clarence on ahead to present our compliments to the Mullah and express our desire to call on him.

clothing in general

From this reading We also sent along a consignment of gifts likely to appeal to a learned man--a Koran, a _tusba_, and a couple of tobes, for even a Mullah has to have clothes, anyway, in Somaliland.

(usually plural) a polite expression of desire for someone's welfare

From this reading We marched into the vicinity of some hundreds of huts, and sent Clarence on ahead to present our compliments to the Mullah and express our desire to call on him.

goods carried by a large vehicle

From this reading We also sent along a consignment of gifts likely to appeal to a learned man--a Koran, a _tusba_, and a couple of tobes, for even a Mullah has to have clothes, anyway, in Somaliland.

make right or correct

From this reading I don’t know whether our sending presents first was correct, or whether we should have waited for the Mullah to weigh in.

a pair who associate with one another

From this reading We also sent along a consignment of gifts likely to appeal to a learned man--a Koran, a _tusba_, and a couple of tobes, for even a Mullah has to have clothes, anyway, in Somaliland.

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading We marched into the vicinity of some hundreds of huts, and sent Clarence on ahead to present our compliments to the Mullah and express our desire to call on him.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I don’t know whether our sending presents first was correct, or whether we should have waited for the Mullah to weigh in.

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading These men are Mahomedans with an eye to business, religious, influential, knowing the value of education, and are often quite learned.

select by a vote for an office or membership

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

to a complete degree or to the full or entire extent (“whole” is often used informally for “wholly”)

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

divisible by two

From this reading We also sent along a consignment of gifts likely to appeal to a learned man--a Koran, a _tusba_, and a couple of tobes, for even a Mullah has to have clothes, anyway, in Somaliland.

past form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

give expression to

From this reading We marched into the vicinity of some hundreds of huts, and sent Clarence on ahead to present our compliments to the Mullah and express our desire to call on him.

the organ of sight

From this reading These men are Mahomedans with an eye to business, religious, influential, knowing the value of education, and are often quite learned.

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading I don’t know whether our sending presents first was correct, or whether we should have waited for the Mullah to weigh in.

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading We also sent along a consignment of gifts likely to appeal to a learned man--a Koran, a _tusba_, and a couple of tobes, for even a Mullah has to have clothes, anyway, in Somaliland.

plural of “gift” — something acquired without compensation

From this reading We also sent along a consignment of gifts likely to appeal to a learned man--a Koran, a _tusba_, and a couple of tobes, for even a Mullah has to have clothes, anyway, in Somaliland.

state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We also sent along a consignment of gifts likely to appeal to a learned man--a Koran, a _tusba_, and a couple of tobes, for even a Mullah has to have clothes, anyway, in Somaliland.

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

the vertical dimension of extension; distance from the base of something to the top

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We marched into the vicinity of some hundreds of huts, and sent Clarence on ahead to present our compliments to the Mullah and express our desire to call on him.

plural of “hundred” — ten 10s

From this reading We marched into the vicinity of some hundreds of huts, and sent Clarence on ahead to present our compliments to the Mullah and express our desire to call on him.

plural of “hut” — temporary military shelter

From this reading We marched into the vicinity of some hundreds of huts, and sent Clarence on ahead to present our compliments to the Mullah and express our desire to call on him.

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We also sent along a consignment of gifts likely to appeal to a learned man--a Koran, a _tusba_, and a couple of tobes, for even a Mullah has to have clothes, anyway, in Somaliland.

having or exercising influence or power

From this reading These men are Mahomedans with an eye to business, religious, influential, knowing the value of education, and are often quite learned.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading We marched into the vicinity of some hundreds of huts, and sent Clarence on ahead to present our compliments to the Mullah and express our desire to call on him.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading I don’t know whether our sending presents first was correct, or whether we should have waited for the Mullah to weigh in.

evidencing the possession of inside information

From this reading These men are Mahomedans with an eye to business, religious, influential, knowing the value of education, and are often quite learned.

apprehended with certainty

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina

From this reading We also sent along a consignment of gifts likely to appeal to a learned man--a Koran, a _tusba_, and a couple of tobes, for even a Mullah has to have clothes, anyway, in Somaliland.

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading These men are Mahomedans with an eye to business, religious, influential, knowing the value of education, and are often quite learned.

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading We also sent along a consignment of gifts likely to appeal to a learned man--a Koran, a _tusba_, and a couple of tobes, for even a Mullah has to have clothes, anyway, in Somaliland.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These men are Mahomedans with an eye to business, religious, influential, knowing the value of education, and are often quite learned.

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading We also sent along a consignment of gifts likely to appeal to a learned man--a Koran, a _tusba_, and a couple of tobes, for even a Mullah has to have clothes, anyway, in Somaliland.

past form of “march” — march in a procession

From this reading We marched into the vicinity of some hundreds of huts, and sent Clarence on ahead to present our compliments to the Mullah and express our desire to call on him.

the force of workers available

From this reading These men are Mahomedans with an eye to business, religious, influential, knowing the value of education, and are often quite learned.

a Muslim trained in the doctrine and law of Islam; the head of a mosque

From this reading We marched into the vicinity of some hundreds of huts, and sent Clarence on ahead to present our compliments to the Mullah and express our desire to call on him.

plural of “mullah” — a Muslim trained in the doctrine and law of Islam; the head of a mosque

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

plural of “nomad” — a member of a people who have no permanent home but move about according to the seasons

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

many times at short intervals

From this reading These men are Mahomedans with an eye to business, religious, influential, knowing the value of education, and are often quite learned.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading We marched into the vicinity of some hundreds of huts, and sent Clarence on ahead to present our compliments to the Mullah and express our desire to call on him.

and nothing more

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading We marched into the vicinity of some hundreds of huts, and sent Clarence on ahead to present our compliments to the Mullah and express our desire to call on him.

plural of “present” — the period of time that is happening now; any continuous stretch of time including the moment of speech

From this reading I don’t know whether our sending presents first was correct, or whether we should have waited for the Mullah to weigh in.

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading These men are Mahomedans with an eye to business, religious, influential, knowing the value of education, and are often quite learned.

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading These men are Mahomedans with an eye to business, religious, influential, knowing the value of education, and are often quite learned.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

the act of causing something to go (especially messages)

From this reading I don’t know whether our sending presents first was correct, or whether we should have waited for the Mullah to weigh in.

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading We marched into the vicinity of some hundreds of huts, and sent Clarence on ahead to present our compliments to the Mullah and express our desire to call on him.

established or decided beyond dispute or doubt

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

plural of “sheik” — the leader of an Arab village or family

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading I don’t know whether our sending presents first was correct, or whether we should have waited for the Mullah to weigh in.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We also sent along a consignment of gifts likely to appeal to a learned man--a Koran, a _tusba_, and a couple of tobes, for even a Mullah has to have clothes, anyway, in Somaliland.

plural of “somali” — a member of a tall dark (mostly Muslim) people inhabiting Somalia

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading We marched into the vicinity of some hundreds of huts, and sent Clarence on ahead to present our compliments to the Mullah and express our desire to call on him.

carry out

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These men are Mahomedans with an eye to business, religious, influential, knowing the value of education, and are often quite learned.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

an old word for “your”, speaking to one person

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We also sent along a consignment of gifts likely to appeal to a learned man--a Koran, a _tusba_, and a couple of tobes, for even a Mullah has to have clothes, anyway, in Somaliland.

plural of “township” — an administrative division of a county

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We also sent along a consignment of gifts likely to appeal to a learned man--a Koran, a _tusba_, and a couple of tobes, for even a Mullah has to have clothes, anyway, in Somaliland.

a unit of potential equal to the potential difference between two points on a conductor carrying a current of 1 ampere when the power dissipated between the two points is 1 watt

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

a numerical quantity measured or assigned or computed

From this reading These men are Mahomedans with an eye to business, religious, influential, knowing the value of education, and are often quite learned.

a surrounding or nearby region

From this reading We marched into the vicinity of some hundreds of huts, and sent Clarence on ahead to present our compliments to the Mullah and express our desire to call on him.

plural of “village” — a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

past form of “wait” — stay in one place and anticipate or expect something

From this reading I don’t know whether our sending presents first was correct, or whether we should have waited for the Mullah to weigh in.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I don’t know whether our sending presents first was correct, or whether we should have waited for the Mullah to weigh in.

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We marched into the vicinity of some hundreds of huts, and sent Clarence on ahead to present our compliments to the Mullah and express our desire to call on him.

have a certain weight

From this reading I don’t know whether our sending presents first was correct, or whether we should have waited for the Mullah to weigh in.

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading ````Take that to end thy agony `````Henry V= ````Our happiness is at the height `````Richard III= |The Somalis, as I have explained before, are almost entirely a nation of nomads, and the only settled villages or townships are those run by Sheiks or Mullahs, or whatever name they elect to be known by.

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading I don’t know whether our sending presents first was correct, or whether we should have waited for the Mullah to weigh in.

in the company of; together with

From this reading These men are Mahomedans with an eye to business, religious, influential, knowing the value of education, and are often quite learned.