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Two Royal Foes
Two Royal Foes

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Two Royal Foes is here in full — 198 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Two Royal Foes
Context Illustration Reading 1/39 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.
When Hans saw the colour of the flags flying over this city, he cried out in horror.
"Gott im Himmel!" he exclaimed, "but the French have taken Magdeburg!"
In all Prussia there was no stronger fortress.
On it had rested the whole hope of the country.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Two Royal Foes

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of Two Royal Foes is here in full — 198 sentences across 40 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/39 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.
Line 2
When Hans saw the colour of the flags flying over this city, he cried out in horror.
/wen hɑːns sɔː ðə ˈkʌlər ʌv ðə flæɡz ˈflaɪɪŋ ˈoʊvər ðɪs ˈsɪti hiː kraɪd aʊt ɪn ˈhɔːrər/
Line 3
"Gott im Himmel!" he exclaimed, "but the French have taken Magdeburg!"
Line 4
In all Prussia there was no stronger fortress.
/ɪn ɔːl ˈprʌʃə ðer wɑːz noʊ ˈstrɔːŋər ˈfɔːrtrəs/
Line 5
On it had rested the whole hope of the country.
/ɑːn ɪt hæd ˈrestəd ðə hoʊl hoʊp ʌv ðə ˈkʌntri/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cathedral noun US /kəˈθiːdrəl/

any large and important church

From this reading “THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.”

downfall noun US /ˈdaʊnfɔːl/

failure that results in a loss of position or reputation

From this reading “THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.”

Elbe noun US /elb/

a river in central Europe that arises in northwestern Czechoslovakia and flows northward through Germany to empty into the North Sea

From this reading “THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.”

flags noun US /flæɡz/

plural of “flag” — emblem usually consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth of distinctive design

From this reading “When Hans saw the colour of the flags flying over this city, he cried out in horror.”

fortifications noun US /ˌfɔːrtəfəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “fortification” — defensive structure consisting of walls or mounds built around a stronghold to strengthen it

From this reading “THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.”

fortress noun US /ˈfɔːrtrəs/

a fortified defensive structure

From this reading “In all Prussia there was no stronger fortress.”

melting noun US /ˈmeltɪŋ/

the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid

From this reading “THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.”

Prussia noun US /ˈprʌʃə/

a former kingdom in north-central Europe including present-day northern Germany and northern Poland

From this reading “In all Prussia there was no stronger fortress.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

against the sky preposition + article + noun counted as “against … sky”

In this reading “THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.”

before noon preposition + noun

In this reading “THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.”

on the banks preposition + article + noun counted as “on … banks”

In this reading “THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.”

great city adjective + noun

In this reading “THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.”

cried out verb + adjective counted as “cry out”

utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy

In this reading “When Hans saw the colour of the flags flying over this city, he cried out in horror.”

in horror preposition + noun

In this reading “When Hans saw the colour of the flags flying over this city, he cried out in horror.”

All words in this reading · 67

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading In all Prussia there was no stronger fortress.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

Bettina

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading "Gott im Himmel!" he exclaimed, "but the French have taken Magdeburg!"

cathedralnounUS /kəˈθiːdrəl/

any large and important church

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

colouradjectiveUS /ˈkʌlər/

having or capable of producing colors

From this reading When Hans saw the colour of the flags flying over this city, he cried out in horror.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading On it had rested the whole hope of the country.

criedverbUS /kraɪd/

inflected form of “cry” — utter a sudden loud cry

From this reading When Hans saw the colour of the flags flying over this city, he cried out in horror.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

DOWNFALLnounUS /ˈdaʊnfɔːl/

failure that results in a loss of position or reputation

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

drewnounUS /druː/

United States actor (born in Ireland); father of Georgiana Emma Barrymore (1827-1862)

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

ElbenounUS /elb/

a river in central Europe that arises in northwestern Czechoslovakia and flows northward through Germany to empty into the North Sea

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

exclaimedverbUS /ɪkˈskleɪmd/

past form of “exclaim” — utter aloud; often with surprise, horror, or joy

From this reading "Gott im Himmel!" he exclaimed, "but the French have taken Magdeburg!"

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

flagsnounUS /flæɡz/

plural of “flag” — emblem usually consisting of a rectangular piece of cloth of distinctive design

From this reading When Hans saw the colour of the flags flying over this city, he cried out in horror.

flyingadjectiveUS /ˈflaɪɪŋ/

moving swiftly

From this reading When Hans saw the colour of the flags flying over this city, he cried out in horror.

fortificationsnounUS /ˌfɔːrtəfəˈkeɪʃənz/

plural of “fortification” — defensive structure consisting of walls or mounds built around a stronghold to strengthen it

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

fortressnounUS /ˈfɔːrtrəs/

a fortified defensive structure

From this reading In all Prussia there was no stronger fortress.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading "Gott im Himmel!" he exclaimed, "but the French have taken Magdeburg!"

Gott

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Gott im Himmel!" he exclaimed, "but the French have taken Magdeburg!"

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading On it had rested the whole hope of the country.

HansnounUS /hɑːns/

plural of “han” — imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy; remembered as one of the great eras of Chinese civilization

From this reading When Hans saw the colour of the flags flying over this city, he cried out in horror.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "Gott im Himmel!" he exclaimed, "but the French have taken Magdeburg!"

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading When Hans saw the colour of the flags flying over this city, he cried out in horror.

Himmel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Gott im Himmel!" he exclaimed, "but the French have taken Magdeburg!"

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading On it had rested the whole hope of the country.

horrornounUS /ˈhɔːrər/

intense and profound fear

From this reading When Hans saw the colour of the flags flying over this city, he cried out in horror.

im

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Gott im Himmel!" he exclaimed, "but the French have taken Magdeburg!"

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading When Hans saw the colour of the flags flying over this city, he cried out in horror.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading On it had rested the whole hope of the country.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

Magdeburg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Gott im Himmel!" he exclaimed, "but the French have taken Magdeburg!"

meltingnounUS /ˈmeltɪŋ/

the process whereby heat changes something from a solid to a liquid

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading In all Prussia there was no stronger fortress.

noonnounUS /nuːn/

the middle of the day

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading When Hans saw the colour of the flags flying over this city, he cried out in horror.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading When Hans saw the colour of the flags flying over this city, he cried out in horror.

PrussianounUS /ˈprʌʃə/

a former kingdom in north-central Europe including present-day northern Germany and northern Poland

From this reading In all Prussia there was no stronger fortress.

restedadjectiveUS /ˈrestəd/

not tired; refreshed as by sleeping or relaxing

From this reading On it had rested the whole hope of the country.

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

sawverbUS /sɔː/

cut with a saw

From this reading When Hans saw the colour of the flags flying over this city, he cried out in horror.

skynounUS /skaɪ/

the atmosphere and outer space as viewed from the earth

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

splendidadjectiveUS /ˈsplendɪd/

having great beauty and splendor

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

strongeradjectiveUS /ˈstrɔːŋər/

comparative of “strong” — having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading In all Prussia there was no stronger fortress.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading "Gott im Himmel!" he exclaimed, "but the French have taken Magdeburg!"

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading In all Prussia there was no stronger fortress.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading When Hans saw the colour of the flags flying over this city, he cried out in horror.

tiredadjectiveUS /ˈtaɪərd/

depleted of strength or energy

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading THE DOWNFALL Bettina was tired, indeed, when one day before noon they drew near a great city on the banks of the Elbe, its splendid cathedral rising against the sky, the snow falling and melting on its strong walls and fortifications.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading On it had rested the whole hope of the country.

Chapter 6 of Two Royal Foes by Eva Annie Madden holds 198 sentences, grouped into 40 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of Two Royal Foes contain?

Chapter 6 holds 198 sentences of Two Royal Foes, unabridged, divided into 40 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of Two Royal Foes by Eva Annie Madden exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 198 sentences, grouped into 40 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of Two Royal Foes?

Work through the 40 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 40 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Two Royal Foes

Common questions about reading Two Royal Foes by Eva Annie Madden on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Two Royal Foes?

Yes. All 4610 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #34220 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Two Royal Foes is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #34220, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Two Royal Foes take to read?

About 384 minutes of reading across 922 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Two Royal Foes section by section

How to work through Two Royal Foes section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Two Royal Foes

Words and structures a reader meets early in Two Royal Foes, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Afternoon
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Two Royal Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hundred
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Two Royal Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Years
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Two Royal Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Two Royal Foes; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.