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Two Years Before the Mast
Two Years Before the Mast

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Two Years Before the Mast is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
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LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.
This was too bad.
If there is anything that irritates sailors and makes them feel hardly used, it is being deprived of their Sabbath.
Not that they would always, or indeed generally, spend it religiously, but it is their only day of rest.
Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Two Years Before the Mast

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of Two Years Before the Mast is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.
Line 2
This was too bad.
/ðɪs wɑːz tuː bæd/
Line 3
If there is anything that irritates sailors and makes them feel hardly used, it is being deprived of their Sabbath.
/ɪf ðer ɪz ˈeniθɪŋ ðæt ˈɪrɪteɪts ˈseɪlərz ənd meɪks ðem fiːl ˈhɑːrdli juːzd ɪt ɪz ˈbiːɪŋ dɪˈpraɪvd ʌv ðer ˈsæbəθ/
Line 4
Not that they would always, or indeed generally, spend it religiously, but it is their only day of rest.
/nɑːt ðæt ðeɪ wʊd ˈɔːlweɪz ɔːr ˌɪnˈdiːd ˈdʒenərəli spend ɪt rɪˈlɪdʒəsli bʌt ɪt ɪz ðer ˈoʊnli deɪ ʌv rest/
Line 5
Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.
/ðen tuː ðeɪ ɑːr ˈɔːfən ˌnesəˈserəli dɪˈpraɪvd ʌv ɪt baɪ stɔːrmz ənd ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbəl ˈduːtiz ʌv ɔːl kaɪndz ðæt tuː teɪk ɪt frʌm ðem wen ˈlaɪɪŋ ˈkwaɪətli ənd ˈseɪfli ɪn pɔːrt wɪˈθaʊt ˈeni ˈɜːrdʒənt ˈriːzən berz ðə mɔːr ˈhɑːrdli/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

disputing verb US /dɪsˈpjuːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “dispute” — take exception to

From this reading “LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.”

irritates verb US /ˈɪrɪteɪts/

third-person singular of “irritate” — cause annoyance in; disturb, especially by minor irritations

From this reading “If there is anything that irritates sailors and makes them feel hardly used, it is being deprived of their Sabbath.”

merchantmen noun US /ˈmɜːrtʃəntmɪn/

plural of “merchantman” — a cargo ship

From this reading “LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.”

monterey noun US /ˌmɑːntərˈeɪ/

a town in western California to the south of San Francisco on a peninsula at the southern end of Monterey Bay

From this reading “LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.”

religiously adverb US /rɪˈlɪdʒəsli/

by religion

From this reading “Not that they would always, or indeed generally, spend it religiously, but it is their only day of rest.”

rigging noun US /ˈrɪɡɪŋ/

gear consisting of ropes etc. supporting a ship's masts and sails

From this reading “LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.”

Sabbath noun US /ˈsæbəθ/

a day of rest and worship: Sunday for most Christians; Saturday for the Jews and a few Christians; Friday for Muslims

From this reading “If there is anything that irritates sailors and makes them feel hardly used, it is being deprived of their Sabbath.”

unavoidable adjective US /ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbəl/

impossible to avoid or evade

From this reading “Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.”

All words in this reading · 107

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Not that they would always, or indeed generally, spend it religiously, but it is their only day of rest.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading If there is anything that irritates sailors and makes them feel hardly used, it is being deprived of their Sabbath.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

ashoreadverbUS /əˈʃɔːr/

towards the shore from the water

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading This was too bad.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

bearsnounUS /berz/

plural of “bear” — massive plantigrade carnivorous or omnivorous mammals with long shaggy coats and strong claws

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Not that they would always, or indeed generally, spend it religiously, but it is their only day of rest.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

crewnounUS /kruː/

the men and women who man a vehicle (ship, aircraft, etc.)

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

dependedverbUS /dɪˈpendəd/

past form of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

deprivedadjectiveUS /dɪˈpraɪvd/

marked by deprivation especially of the necessities of life or healthful environmental influences

From this reading If there is anything that irritates sailors and makes them feel hardly used, it is being deprived of their Sabbath.

disputingverbUS /dɪsˈpjuːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “dispute” — take exception to

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

dutiesnounUS /ˈduːtiz/

plural of “duty” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading If there is anything that irritates sailors and makes them feel hardly used, it is being deprived of their Sabbath.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading Not that they would always, or indeed generally, spend it religiously, but it is their only day of rest.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading If there is anything that irritates sailors and makes them feel hardly used, it is being deprived of their Sabbath.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If there is anything that irritates sailors and makes them feel hardly used, it is being deprived of their Sabbath.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Not that they would always, or indeed generally, spend it religiously, but it is their only day of rest.

irritatesverbUS /ˈɪrɪteɪts/

third-person singular of “irritate” — cause annoyance in; disturb, especially by minor irritations

From this reading If there is anything that irritates sailors and makes them feel hardly used, it is being deprived of their Sabbath.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

kindsnounUS /kaɪndz/

plural of “kind” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

liberty-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

LIFEnounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

makesnounUS /meɪks/

plural of “make” — a recognizable kind

From this reading If there is anything that irritates sailors and makes them feel hardly used, it is being deprived of their Sabbath.

merchantmennounUS /ˈmɜːrtʃəntmɪn/

plural of “merchantman” — a cargo ship

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

MONTEREYnounUS /ˌmɑːntərˈeɪ/

a town in western California to the south of San Francisco on a peninsula at the southern end of Monterey Bay

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

morningnounUS /ˈmɔːrnɪŋ/

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

necessarilyadverbUS /ˌnesəˈserəli/

in an essential manner

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

NotadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Not that they would always, or indeed generally, spend it religiously, but it is their only day of rest.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Not that they would always, or indeed generally, spend it religiously, but it is their only day of rest.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Not that they would always, or indeed generally, spend it religiously, but it is their only day of rest.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

portnounUS /pɔːrt/

a place (seaport or airport) where people and merchandise can enter or leave a country

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

quietlyadverbUS /ˈkwaɪətli/

with low volume

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

religiouslyadverbUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəsli/

by religion

From this reading Not that they would always, or indeed generally, spend it religiously, but it is their only day of rest.

restverbUS /rest/

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading Not that they would always, or indeed generally, spend it religiously, but it is their only day of rest.

riggingnounUS /ˈrɪɡɪŋ/

gear consisting of ropes etc. supporting a ship's masts and sails

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

royal-masts

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

SabbathnounUS /ˈsæbəθ/

a day of rest and worship: Sunday for most Christians; Saturday for the Jews and a few Christians; Friday for Muslims

From this reading If there is anything that irritates sailors and makes them feel hardly used, it is being deprived of their Sabbath.

safelyadverbUS /ˈseɪfli/

with safety; in a safe manner

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

sailorsnounUS /ˈseɪlərz/

plural of “sailor” — any member of a ship's crew

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

spendverbUS /spend/

use up a period of time in a specific way

From this reading Not that they would always, or indeed generally, spend it religiously, but it is their only day of rest.

sprungverbUS /sprʌŋ/

inflected form of “spring” — move forward by leaps and bounds

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

stormsnounUS /stɔːrmz/

plural of “storm” — a violent weather condition with winds 64-72 knots (11 on the Beaufort scale) and precipitation and thunder and lightning

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

SundaynounUS /ˈsʌndeɪ/

first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading If there is anything that irritates sailors and makes them feel hardly used, it is being deprived of their Sabbath.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading If there is anything that irritates sailors and makes them feel hardly used, it is being deprived of their Sabbath.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading If there is anything that irritates sailors and makes them feel hardly used, it is being deprived of their Sabbath.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Not that they would always, or indeed generally, spend it religiously, but it is their only day of rest.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was too bad.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading This was too bad.

top-gallant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

topmastnoun

the mast next above a lower mast and topmost in a fore-and-aft rig

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

turned-to

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

unavoidableadjectiveUS /ˌʌnəˈvɔɪdəbəl/

impossible to avoid or evade

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

urgentadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrdʒənt/

compelling immediate action

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading If there is anything that irritates sailors and makes them feel hardly used, it is being deprived of their Sabbath.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading LIFE AT MONTEREY The next day being Sunday, which is the liberty-day among merchantmen, when it is usual to let a part of the crew go ashore, the sailors had depended upon a day on land, and were already disputing who should ask to go, when, upon being called in the morning, we were turned-to upon the rigging, and found that the topmast, which had been sprung, was to come down, and a new one to go up, and top-gallant and royal-masts, and the rigging to be set up.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Then, too, they are often necessarily deprived of it by storms, and unavoidable duties of all kinds, that to take it from them when lying quietly and safely in port, without any urgent reason, bears the more hardly.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Not that they would always, or indeed generally, spend it religiously, but it is their only day of rest.

Chapter 12 of Two Years Before the Mast by Richard Henry Dana holds 40 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Two Years Before the Mast contain?

Chapter 12 holds 40 sentences of Two Years Before the Mast, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Two Years Before the Mast by Richard Henry Dana exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 40 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Two Years Before the Mast?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Two Years Before the Mast

Common questions about reading Two Years Before the Mast by Richard Henry Dana on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Two Years Before the Mast?

Yes. All 5389 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2055 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Two Years Before the Mast is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2055, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Two Years Before the Mast take to read?

About 449 minutes of reading across 1078 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Two Years Before the Mast section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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Vocabulary met early in Two Years Before the Mast

Words and structures a reader meets early in Two Years Before the Mast, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Fourteenth
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Two Years Before the Mast; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
August
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Two Years Before the Mast; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fixed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Two Years Before the Mast; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sailing
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Two Years Before the Mast; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.