Chapter XXI

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading King Harry led the van in a carrack with purple sails, on which were embroidered the arms of England and France.

from one side of something to the other

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

later than; following

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading King Harry led the van in a carrack with purple sails, on which were embroidered the arms of England and France.

a military unit consisting of armored fighting vehicles

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

weapons considered collectively

From this reading King Harry led the van in a carrack with purple sails, on which were embroidered the arms of England and France.

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

without civilizing influences

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

inflected form of “blow” — exhale hard

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading From the Rade de Caen to the Rade de Havre the estuary of the Seine was dotted with sails—not those of peaceful merchantmen, but of the ships of the English invaders.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the Rade de Caen to the Rade de Havre the estuary of the Seine was dotted with sails—not those of peaceful merchantmen, but of the ships of the English invaders.

a large galleon sailed in the Mediterranean as a merchantman

From this reading King Harry led the van in a carrack with purple sails, on which were embroidered the arms of England and France.

a path over which electrical signals can pass

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

stopped up; clogged up

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading From the Rade de Caen to the Rade de Havre the estuary of the Seine was dotted with sails—not those of peaceful merchantmen, but of the ships of the English invaders.

having a pattern of dots

From this reading From the Rade de Caen to the Rade de Havre the estuary of the Seine was dotted with sails—not those of peaceful merchantmen, but of the ships of the English invaders.

the cardinal compass point that is at 90 degrees

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

past form of “embroider” — decorate with needlework

From this reading King Harry led the van in a carrack with purple sails, on which were embroidered the arms of England and France.

(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading King Harry led the van in a carrack with purple sails, on which were embroidered the arms of England and France.

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading From the Rade de Caen to the Rade de Havre the estuary of the Seine was dotted with sails—not those of peaceful merchantmen, but of the ships of the English invaders.

the wide part of a river where it nears the sea; fresh and salt water mix

From this reading From the Rade de Caen to the Rade de Havre the estuary of the Seine was dotted with sails—not those of peaceful merchantmen, but of the ships of the English invaders.

opinion or judgment

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

past form of “fare” — proceed or get along

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

the cardinal number that is the sum of fourteen and one

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

group of aircraft operating together under the same ownership

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

borne up by or suspended in a liquid

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

plural of “fortress” — a fortified defensive structure

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading King Harry led the van in a carrack with purple sails, on which were embroidered the arms of England and France.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From the Rade de Caen to the Rade de Havre the estuary of the Seine was dotted with sails—not those of peaceful merchantmen, but of the ships of the English invaders.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

annoy continually or chronically

From this reading King Harry led the van in a carrack with purple sails, on which were embroidered the arms of England and France.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the Rade de Caen to the Rade de Havre the estuary of the Seine was dotted with sails—not those of peaceful merchantmen, but of the ships of the English invaders.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

a social unit living together

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

ten 10s

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading King Harry led the van in a carrack with purple sails, on which were embroidered the arms of England and France.

plural of “invader” — someone who enters by force in order to conquer

From this reading From the Rade de Caen to the Rade de Havre the estuary of the Seine was dotted with sails—not those of peaceful merchantmen, but of the ships of the English invaders.

contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading King Harry led the van in a carrack with purple sails, on which were embroidered the arms of England and France.

possessive form of “king” — a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

plural of “knight” — originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading King Harry led the van in a carrack with purple sails, on which were embroidered the arms of England and France.

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

plural of “merchantman” — a cargo ship

From this reading From the Rade de Caen to the Rade de Havre the estuary of the Seine was dotted with sails—not those of peaceful merchantmen, but of the ships of the English invaders.

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

the time period between dawn and noon

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

plural of “musician” — someone who plays a musical instrument (as a profession)

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading From the Rade de Caen to the Rade de Havre the estuary of the Seine was dotted with sails—not those of peaceful merchantmen, but of the ships of the English invaders.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

the act of passing from one state or place to the next

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

not disturbed by strife or turmoil or war

From this reading From the Rade de Caen to the Rade de Havre the estuary of the Seine was dotted with sails—not those of peaceful merchantmen, but of the ships of the English invaders.

a purple color or pigment

From this reading King Harry led the van in a carrack with purple sails, on which were embroidered the arms of England and France.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From the Rade de Caen to the Rade de Havre the estuary of the Seine was dotted with sails—not those of peaceful merchantmen, but of the ships of the English invaders.

not move; be in a resting position

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

plural of “sail” — a large piece of fabric (usually canvas fabric) by means of which wind is used to propel a sailing vessel

From this reading From the Rade de Caen to the Rade de Havre the estuary of the Seine was dotted with sails—not those of peaceful merchantmen, but of the ships of the English invaders.

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

a French river that flows through the heart of Paris and then northward into the English Channel

From this reading From the Rade de Caen to the Rade de Havre the estuary of the Seine was dotted with sails—not those of peaceful merchantmen, but of the ships of the English invaders.

plural of “shield” — a protective covering or structure

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

transport commercially

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

plural of “ship” — a vessel that carries passengers or freight

From this reading From the Rade de Caen to the Rade de Havre the estuary of the Seine was dotted with sails—not those of peaceful merchantmen, but of the ships of the English invaders.

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

an instance of visual perception

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

a quality that outshines the usual

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

(especially of weather) affected or characterized by storms or commotion

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

act of expanding by lengthening or widening

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading From the Rade de Caen to the Rade de Havre the estuary of the Seine was dotted with sails—not those of peaceful merchantmen, but of the ships of the English invaders.

up to a particular time

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading From the Rade de Caen to the Rade de Havre the estuary of the Seine was dotted with sails—not those of peaceful merchantmen, but of the ships of the English invaders.

pitcher plant of southeastern United States having erect yellow trumpet-shaped pitchers with wide mouths and erect lids

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

unaccustomed or unusual

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

any creative group active in the innovation and application of new concepts and techniques in a given field (especially in the arts)

From this reading King Harry led the van in a carrack with purple sails, on which were embroidered the arms of England and France.

plural of “vessel” — a tube in which a body fluid circulates

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

be awake, be alert, be there

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading HOW GEOFFREY FARED AT THE SIEGE OF HARFLEUR It was an unwonted sight that met the eyes of the burghers of Harfleur on the morning of the 14th day of August, 1415.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading King Harry led the van in a carrack with purple sails, on which were embroidered the arms of England and France.

the countries of (originally) Europe and (now including) North America and South America

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading King Harry led the van in a carrack with purple sails, on which were embroidered the arms of England and France.

during the time that

From this reading The sun glinted on the armour and shields of the knights of his household, while to add to the almost barbaric splendour of the royal ship musicians blew trumpets and clarions, with all the energy left at their command after a stormy passage across the Channel.

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading In the wake of the King's carrack, and stretching in irregular lines far to the east and west, lumbered the rest of the fleet of fifteen hundred vessels, till the wide estuary seemed choked with floating fortresses.

in the company of; together with

From this reading From the Rade de Caen to the Rade de Havre the estuary of the Seine was dotted with sails—not those of peaceful merchantmen, but of the ships of the English invaders.