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Under Sail
Under Sail

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Under Sail is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Under Sail
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"What can have happened, what can have happened?" he kept muttering "The change of tack must have done it.
That’s it!—the change of tack" Now that he had found an explanation, he could face the issue.
They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.
But the leak gained steadily on them, in spite of all they could do.
It was a race with time now—for both of them.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Under Sail

Chapter VIII

Chapter 8 of Under Sail is here in full — 412 sentences across 83 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"What can have happened, what can have happened?" he kept muttering "The change of tack must have done it.
/wʌt kæn hæv ˈhæpənd wʌt kæn hæv ˈhæpənd hiː kept ˈmʌtərɪŋ ðə tʃeɪndʒ ʌv tæk mʌst hæv dʌn ɪt/
Line 2
That’s it!—the change of tack" Now that he had found an explanation, he could face the issue.
Line 3
They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.
Line 4
But the leak gained steadily on them, in spite of all they could do.
/bʌt ðə liːk ɡeɪnd ˈstedəli ɑːn ðem ɪn spaɪt ʌv ɔːl ðeɪ kʊd duː/
Line 5
It was a race with time now—for both of them.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

barges noun US /ˈbɑːrdʒəz/

plural of “barge” — a flatbottom boat for carrying heavy loads (especially on canals)

From this reading “They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.”

coal noun US /koʊl/

fossil fuel consisting of carbonized vegetable matter deposited in the Carboniferous period

From this reading “They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.”

leak noun US /liːk/

an accidental hole that allows something (fluid or light etc.) to enter or escape

From this reading “But the leak gained steadily on them, in spite of all they could do.”

manned adjective US /mænd/

having a crew

From this reading “They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.”

muttering noun US /ˈmʌtərɪŋ/

a low continuous indistinct sound; often accompanied by movement of the lips without the production of articulate speech

From this reading “"What can have happened, what can have happened?" he kept muttering "The change of tack must have done it.”

pumps noun US /pʌmps/

plural of “pump” — a mechanical device that moves fluid or gas by pressure or suction

From this reading “They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.”

steam verb US /stiːm/

travel by means of steam power

From this reading “They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.”

tack verb US /tæk/

fasten with tacks

From this reading “"What can have happened, what can have happened?" he kept muttering "The change of tack must have done it.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

kept muttering adjective + noun

In this reading “"What can have happened, what can have happened?" he kept muttering "The change of tack must have done it.”

at once preposition + adverb

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

In this reading “They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.”

in spite preposition + noun

In this reading “But the leak gained steadily on them, in spite of all they could do.”

All words in this reading · 53

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It was a race with time now—for both of them.

aboardadverbUS /əˈbɔːrd/

on a ship, train, plane or other vehicle

From this reading They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But the leak gained steadily on them, in spite of all they could do.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading That’s it!—the change of tack" Now that he had found an explanation, he could face the issue.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.

bargesnounUS /ˈbɑːrdʒəz/

plural of “barge” — a flatbottom boat for carrying heavy loads (especially on canals)

From this reading They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading It was a race with time now—for both of them.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the leak gained steadily on them, in spite of all they could do.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading "What can have happened, what can have happened?" he kept muttering "The change of tack must have done it.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading "What can have happened, what can have happened?" he kept muttering "The change of tack must have done it.

coalnounUS /koʊl/

fossil fuel consisting of carbonized vegetable matter deposited in the Carboniferous period

From this reading They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading That’s it!—the change of tack" Now that he had found an explanation, he could face the issue.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading But the leak gained steadily on them, in spite of all they could do.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading "What can have happened, what can have happened?" he kept muttering "The change of tack must have done it.

explanationnounUS /ˌekspləˈneɪʃən/

a statement that makes something comprehensible by describing the relevant structure or operation or circumstances etc.

From this reading That’s it!—the change of tack" Now that he had found an explanation, he could face the issue.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading That’s it!—the change of tack" Now that he had found an explanation, he could face the issue.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It was a race with time now—for both of them.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading That’s it!—the change of tack" Now that he had found an explanation, he could face the issue.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading But the leak gained steadily on them, in spite of all they could do.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading That’s it!—the change of tack" Now that he had found an explanation, he could face the issue.

happenedverbUS /ˈhæpənd/

past form of “happen” — come to pass

From this reading "What can have happened, what can have happened?" he kept muttering "The change of tack must have done it.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "What can have happened, what can have happened?" he kept muttering "The change of tack must have done it.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "What can have happened, what can have happened?" he kept muttering "The change of tack must have done it.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But the leak gained steadily on them, in spite of all they could do.

issueverbUS /ˈɪʃuː/

prepare and issue for public distribution or sale

From this reading That’s it!—the change of tack" Now that he had found an explanation, he could face the issue.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "What can have happened, what can have happened?" he kept muttering "The change of tack must have done it.

keptadjectiveUS /kept/

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading "What can have happened, what can have happened?" he kept muttering "The change of tack must have done it.

leaknounUS /liːk/

an accidental hole that allows something (fluid or light etc.) to enter or escape

From this reading But the leak gained steadily on them, in spite of all they could do.

mannedadjectiveUS /mænd/

having a crew

From this reading They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading "What can have happened, what can have happened?" he kept muttering "The change of tack must have done it.

mutteringnounUS /ˈmʌtərɪŋ/

a low continuous indistinct sound; often accompanied by movement of the lips without the production of articulate speech

From this reading "What can have happened, what can have happened?" he kept muttering "The change of tack must have done it.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading That’s it!—the change of tack" Now that he had found an explanation, he could face the issue.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "What can have happened, what can have happened?" he kept muttering "The change of tack must have done it.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But the leak gained steadily on them, in spite of all they could do.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.

pumpsnounUS /pʌmps/

plural of “pump” — a mechanical device that moves fluid or gas by pressure or suction

From this reading They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading It was a race with time now—for both of them.

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading But the leak gained steadily on them, in spite of all they could do.

steadilyadverbUS /ˈstedəli/

at a steady rate or pace

From this reading But the leak gained steadily on them, in spite of all they could do.

steamverbUS /stiːm/

travel by means of steam power

From this reading They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.

tackverbUS /tæk/

fasten with tacks

From this reading "What can have happened, what can have happened?" he kept muttering "The change of tack must have done it.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That’s it!—the change of tack" Now that he had found an explanation, he could face the issue.

That's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That’s it!—the change of tack" Now that he had found an explanation, he could face the issue.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "What can have happened, what can have happened?" he kept muttering "The change of tack must have done it.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading But the leak gained steadily on them, in spite of all they could do.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading It was a race with time now—for both of them.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading They manned the pumps at once—this was before the day of steam pumps aboard coal barges.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading "What can have happened, what can have happened?" he kept muttering "The change of tack must have done it.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was a race with time now—for both of them.

Chapter 8 of Under Sail by Lincoln Colcord holds 412 sentences, grouped into 83 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Under Sail contain?

Chapter 8 holds 412 sentences of Under Sail, unabridged, divided into 83 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Under Sail by Lincoln Colcord exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 412 sentences, grouped into 83 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Under Sail?

Work through the 83 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 83 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Under Sail

Common questions about reading Under Sail by Lincoln Colcord on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Under Sail?

Yes. All 3702 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #46694 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Under Sail is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #46694, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Under Sail take to read?

About 308 minutes of reading across 741 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Under Sail section by section

How to work through Under Sail section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 9 chapters of Under Sail to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Under Sail

Words and structures a reader meets early in Under Sail, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Source
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under Sail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Idiosyncratic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under Sail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Punctuation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under Sail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Preserved
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under Sail; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.