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Under the Flag of France
Under the Flag of France

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Under the Flag of France is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.
This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.
But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.
The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.
Like true Englishmen, they were grumbling unstintedly at the cold and short commons; but, like true Englishmen, they were ready to face all this, and more, in the course of their duty.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Under the Flag of France

Chapter XXIII

Chapter 23 of Under the Flag of France is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.
Line 2
This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.
Line 3
But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.
Line 4
The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.
Line 5
Like true Englishmen, they were grumbling unstintedly at the cold and short commons; but, like true Englishmen, they were ready to face all this, and more, in the course of their duty.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

besieged adjective US /bɪˈsiːdʒd/

surrounded by hostile forces

From this reading “The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.”

besieging noun US /bɪˈsiːdʒɪŋ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading “Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.”

Breton noun US /ˈbretən/

a native or inhabitant of Brittany (especially one who speaks the Breton language)

From this reading “But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.”

helper noun US /ˈhelpər/

a person who contributes to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading “But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.”

hero's noun US /ˈhɪroʊz/

possessive form of “hero” — a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

Lancaster noun US /ˈlænkæstər/

a city in northwestern England

From this reading “This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.”

ramparts noun US /ˈræmpɑːrts/

plural of “rampart” — an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

From this reading “The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.”

Swine noun US /swaɪn/

stout-bodied short-legged omnivorous animals

From this reading “Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

gathered round adjective + noun

In this reading “The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.”

short commons adjective + noun

In this reading “Like true Englishmen, they were grumbling unstintedly at the cold and short commons; but, like true Englishmen, they were ready to face all this, and more, in the course of their duty.”

second time noun + noun

In this reading “Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.”

beautiful bride adjective + noun

In this reading “But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.”

first essay adjective + noun

In this reading “But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.”

far more adverb + adjective

In this reading “Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.”

first step adjective + noun

the first of a series of actions

In this reading “Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.”

seemed hopeless verb + adjective counted as “seem hopeless”

In this reading “This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.”

All words in this reading · 144

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

achievementnounUS /əˈtʃiːvmənt/

the action of accomplishing something

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Like true Englishmen, they were grumbling unstintedly at the cold and short commons; but, like true Englishmen, they were ready to face all this, and more, in the course of their duty.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

altarnounUS /ˈɔːltər/

the table in Christian churches where communion is given

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

angryadjectiveUS /ˈæŋɡri/

feeling or showing anger

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

armsnounUS /ɑːrmz/

weapons considered collectively

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

beleaguerers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

belovedadjectiveUS /bɪˈlʌvd/

dearly loved

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

besiegedadjectiveUS /bɪˈsiːdʒd/

surrounded by hostile forces

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

besiegers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

besiegingnounUS /bɪˈsiːdʒɪŋ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

BretonnounUS /ˈbretən/

a native or inhabitant of Brittany (especially one who speaks the Breton language)

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

bridenounUS /braɪd/

a woman who has recently been married

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

camp-fires

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

captureverbUS /ˈkæptʃər/

succeed in representing or expressing something intangible

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

castingnounUS /ˈkæstɪŋ/

object formed by a mold

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

CastlenounUS /ˈkæsəl/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

chivalrousadjective

being attentive to women like an ideal knight

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

coldadjectiveUS /koʊld/

having a low or inadequate temperature or feeling a sensation of coldness or having been made cold by e.g. ice or refrigeration

From this reading Like true Englishmen, they were grumbling unstintedly at the cold and short commons; but, like true Englishmen, they were ready to face all this, and more, in the course of their duty.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

commonsnounUS /ˈkɑːmənz/

a piece of open land for recreational use in an urban area

From this reading Like true Englishmen, they were grumbling unstintedly at the cold and short commons; but, like true Englishmen, they were ready to face all this, and more, in the course of their duty.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Like true Englishmen, they were grumbling unstintedly at the cold and short commons; but, like true Englishmen, they were ready to face all this, and more, in the course of their duty.

daringnounUS /ˈderɪŋ/

a challenge to do something dangerous or foolhardy

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

defeatnounUS /dɪˈfiːt/

an unsuccessful ending to a struggle or contest

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

depthsnounUS /depθs/

(plural) the deepest and most remote part

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

designnounUS /dɪˈzaɪn/

the act of working out the form of something (as by making a sketch or outline or plan)

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

Du

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

DukenounUS /duːk/

a British peer of the highest rank

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

dutynounUS /ˈduːti/

the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading Like true Englishmen, they were grumbling unstintedly at the cold and short commons; but, like true Englishmen, they were ready to face all this, and more, in the course of their duty.

EdwardnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

EnglishmennounUS /ˌeŋˈlɪʃmən/

plural of “englishman” — a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading Like true Englishmen, they were grumbling unstintedly at the cold and short commons; but, like true Englishmen, they were ready to face all this, and more, in the course of their duty.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

essaynounUS /eˈseɪ/

an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

facenounUS /feɪs/

the front of the human head from the forehead to the chin and ear to ear

From this reading Like true Englishmen, they were grumbling unstintedly at the cold and short commons; but, like true Englishmen, they were ready to face all this, and more, in the course of their duty.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

featnounUS /fiːt/

a notable achievement

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

finestadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəst/

superlative of “fine” — being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

formidableadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmədəbəl/

extremely impressive in strength or excellence

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

Fougeray

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

gatheredadjectiveUS /ˈɡæðərd/

brought together in one place

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

glarenounUS /ɡler/

a light within the field of vision that is brighter than the brightness to which the eyes are adapted

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

grumblingnounUS /ˈɡrʌmbəlɪŋ/

a loud low dull continuous noise

From this reading Like true Englishmen, they were grumbling unstintedly at the cold and short commons; but, like true Englishmen, they were ready to face all this, and more, in the course of their duty.

Guesclin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

helpernounUS /ˈhelpər/

a person who contributes to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

hero'snounUS /ˈhɪroʊz/

possessive form of “hero” — a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

hopelessadjectiveUS /ˈhoʊpləs/

without hope because there seems to be no possibility of comfort or success

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

inmostadjective

being deepest within the self

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

lacknounUS /læk/

the state of needing something that is absent or unavailable

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

LancasternounUS /ˈlænkæstər/

a city in northwestern England

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

leadernounUS /ˈliːdər/

a person who rules or guides or inspires others

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

lednounUS /led/

diode such that light emitted at a p-n junction is proportional to the bias current; color depends on the material used

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

perilnounUS /ˈperəl/

a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

PossessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

rampartsnounUS /ˈræmpɑːrts/

plural of “rampart” — an embankment built around a space for defensive purposes

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading Like true Englishmen, they were grumbling unstintedly at the cold and short commons; but, like true Englishmen, they were ready to face all this, and more, in the course of their duty.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

Rennes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

satisfyverbUS /ˈsætəsfaɪ/

meet the requirements or expectations of

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

scantyadjectiveUS /ˈskænti/

lacking in magnitude or quantity

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

secondnounUS /ˈsekənd/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

sentnounUS /sent/

100 senti equal 1 kroon in Estonia

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading Like true Englishmen, they were grumbling unstintedly at the cold and short commons; but, like true Englishmen, they were ready to face all this, and more, in the course of their duty.

shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

spiritnounUS /ˈspɪrət/

the vital principle or animating force within living things

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

stirredadjectiveUS /stɜːrd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

stormyadjectiveUS /ˈstɔːrmi/

(especially of weather) affected or characterized by storms or commotion

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

stoutadjectiveUS /staʊt/

dependable

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

straitened

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

sunsetnounUS /ˈsʌnset/

the time in the evening at which the sun begins to fall below the horizon

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

suppernounUS /ˈsʌpər/

a light evening meal; served in early evening if dinner is at midday or served late in the evening at bedtime

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

SwinenounUS /swaɪn/

stout-bodied short-legged omnivorous animals

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Like true Englishmen, they were grumbling unstintedly at the cold and short commons; but, like true Englishmen, they were ready to face all this, and more, in the course of their duty.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

trueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading Like true Englishmen, they were grumbling unstintedly at the cold and short commons; but, like true Englishmen, they were ready to face all this, and more, in the course of their duty.

unstintedly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Like true Englishmen, they were grumbling unstintedly at the cold and short commons; but, like true Englishmen, they were ready to face all this, and more, in the course of their duty.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

vowedverbUS /vaʊd/

past form of “vow” — make a vow; promise

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The stormy sunset was casting a red and angry glare on the dark ramparts of Rennes, on the evening after the capture of Fougeray, and the stout English beleaguerers were gathered round their camp-fires over a very scanty supper, for by this time the besiegers were almost as much straitened as the besieged.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading But the Breton hero’s chivalrous spirit was stirred to its inmost depths by the peril of the beloved city where he had made his first essay in arms, and had received at the altar the hand of his beautiful bride; and he vowed that, come what might, it should not lack a helper in its need.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading This would have seemed hopeless to any man but himself; for that army was one of the finest that England had ever sent forth, and led by the formidable Duke of Lancaster, a leader worthy of his father, Edward III.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Possessed Swine A feat like the capture of Fougeray Castle would have been enough for most men; but it could not satisfy Du Guesclin, to whom it was but the first step in the achievement of a far more daring design—nothing less than the defeat of the whole English army then besieging Rennes for the second time.

Chapter 23 of Under the Flag of France by David Ker holds 106 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of Under the Flag of France contain?

Chapter 23 holds 106 sentences of Under the Flag of France, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of Under the Flag of France by David Ker exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 106 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of Under the Flag of France?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Under the Flag of France

Common questions about reading Under the Flag of France by David Ker on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Under the Flag of France?

Yes. All 2991 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #46855 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Under the Flag of France is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #46855, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Under the Flag of France take to read?

About 249 minutes of reading across 599 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Under the Flag of France section by section

How to work through Under the Flag of France section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 33 chapters of Under the Flag of France to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Under the Flag of France

Words and structures a reader meets early in Under the Flag of France, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Italics
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the Flag of France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Original
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the Flag of France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Corresponding
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the Flag of France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Surrounded
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the Flag of France; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.