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Under the Greenwood Tree
Under the Greenwood Tree

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Under the Greenwood Tree is here in full — 98 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Under the Greenwood Tree
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.
The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.
Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.
The key was left in the tap of the cider-barrel, instead of being carried in a pocket.
And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Under the Greenwood Tree

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Under the Greenwood Tree is here in full — 98 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.
Line 2
The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.
Line 3
Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.
Line 4
The key was left in the tap of the cider-barrel, instead of being carried in a pocket.
Line 5
And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

flagstone noun US /ˈflæɡstoʊn/

stratified stone that splits into pieces suitable as paving stones

From this reading “The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.”

grease noun US /ɡriːs/

a thick fatty oil (especially one used to lubricate machinery)

From this reading “Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.”

innermost adjective US /ˈɪnərmoʊst/

being deepest within the self

From this reading “The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.”

precincts noun US /ˈpriːsɪŋkts/

plural of “precinct” — a district of a city or town marked out for administrative purposes

From this reading “THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.”

sprinkling noun US /ˈsprɪŋklɪŋ/

a small number (of something) dispersed haphazardly

From this reading “The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.”

stratum noun US /ˈstrætəm/

one of several parallel layers of material arranged one on top of another (such as a layer of tissue or cells in an organism or a layer of sedimentary rock)

From this reading “The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.”

turnstile noun US /ˈtɜːrnstaɪl/

a gate consisting of a post that acts as a pivot for rotating arms; set in a passageway for controlling the persons entering

From this reading “And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.”

warranted verb US /ˈwɔːrəntɪd/

past form of “warrant” — provide adequate grounds to justify (a certain course of action)

From this reading “Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.

activitynounUS /ækˈtɪvəti/

any specific behavior

From this reading THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.

adjoiningverbUS /əˈdʒɔɪnɪŋ/

-ing form of “adjoin” — lie adjacent to another or share a boundary

From this reading The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.

afternoonnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːn/

the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.

anythingpronounUS /ˈeniθɪŋ/

any thing at all

From this reading And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.

appearancenounUS /əˈpɪrəns/

outward or visible aspect of a person or thing

From this reading And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

assurancenounUS /əˈʃʊrəns/

freedom from doubt; belief in yourself and your abilities

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

bearingnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The key was left in the tap of the cider-barrel, instead of being carried in a pocket.

carriedverbUS /ˈkærid/

inflected form of “carry” — move while supporting, either in a vehicle or in one's hands or on one's body

From this reading The key was left in the tap of the cider-barrel, instead of being carried in a pocket.

cider-barrel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The key was left in the tap of the cider-barrel, instead of being carried in a pocket.

darknessnounUS /ˈdɑːrknəs/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

Dewy's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.

discreditableadjective

tending to bring discredit or disrepute; blameworthy

From this reading And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.

dustverbUS /dʌst/

remove the dust from

From this reading The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.

emphaticadjectiveUS /emˈfætɪk/

spoken with emphasis

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

finallyadverbUS /ˈfaɪnəli/

after an unspecified period of time or an especially long delay

From this reading And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.

finestadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪnəst/

superlative of “fine” — being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.

flagstonenounUS /ˈflæɡstoʊn/

stratified stone that splits into pieces suitable as paving stones

From this reading The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.

floornounUS /flɔːr/

the inside lower horizontal surface (as of a room, hallway, tent, or other structure)

From this reading The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.

forksnounUS /fɔːrks/

plural of “fork” — cutlery used for serving and eating food

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

greasenounUS /ɡriːs/

a thick fatty oil (especially one used to lubricate machinery)

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

innermostadjectiveUS /ˈɪnərmoʊst/

being deepest within the self

From this reading The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.

insteadadverbUS /ˌɪnˈsted/

in place of, or as an alternative to

From this reading The key was left in the tap of the cider-barrel, instead of being carried in a pocket.

keynounUS /kiː/

metal device shaped in such a way that when it is inserted into the appropriate lock the lock's mechanism can be rotated

From this reading The key was left in the tap of the cider-barrel, instead of being carried in a pocket.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

knivesnounUS /naɪvz/

plural of “knife” — edge tool used as a cutting instrument; has a pointed blade with a sharp edge and a handle

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading The key was left in the tap of the cider-barrel, instead of being carried in a pocket.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

lightlyadverbUS /ˈlaɪtli/

without good reason

From this reading The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

occasionnounUS /əˈkeɪʒən/

an event that occurs at a critical time

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.

PARTYnounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.

pocketnounUS /ˈpɑːkət/

a small pouch inside a garment for carrying small articles

From this reading The key was left in the tap of the cider-barrel, instead of being carried in a pocket.

precinctsnounUS /ˈpriːsɪŋkts/

plural of “precinct” — a district of a city or town marked out for administrative purposes

From this reading THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.

prevailverbUS /prɪˈveɪl/

be larger in number, quantity, power, status or importance

From this reading THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.

producedverbUS /prəˈduːst/

past form of “produce” — bring forth or yield

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

proofnounUS /pruːf/

any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

requiredadjectiveUS /riˈkwaɪərd/

necessary for relief or supply

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.

sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.

sand-pit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.

scatteredadjectiveUS /ˈskætərd/

occurring or distributed over widely spaced and irregular intervals in time or space

From this reading The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.

Shear-steel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

shroudedverbUS /ˈʃraʊdɪd/

past form of “shroud” — cover as if with a shroud

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

sprinklingnounUS /ˈsprɪŋklɪŋ/

a small number (of something) dispersed haphazardly

From this reading The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.

stratumnounUS /ˈstrætəm/

one of several parallel layers of material arranged one on top of another (such as a layer of tissue or cells in an organism or a layer of sedimentary rock)

From this reading The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

sweptadjectiveUS /swept/

possessing sweep

From this reading The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.

tapverbUS /tæp/

cut a female screw thread with a tap

From this reading The key was left in the tap of the cider-barrel, instead of being carried in a pocket.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

thereupon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.

tranter

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.

TRANTER'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.

turnstilenounUS /ˈtɜːrnstaɪl/

a gate consisting of a post that acts as a pivot for rotating arms; set in a passageway for controlling the persons entering

From this reading And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.

unusualadjectiveUS /əˈnjuːʒuːəl/

not usual or common or ordinary

From this reading THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

visibleadjectiveUS /ˈvɪzəbəl/

capable of being seen; or open to easy view

From this reading And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.

warrantedverbUS /ˈwɔːrəntɪd/

past form of “warrant” — provide adequate grounds to justify (a certain course of action)

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

warranter's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE TRANTER’S PARTY During the afternoon unusual activity was seen to prevail about the precincts of tranter Dewy’s house.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

wheelverbUS /wiːl/

change directions as if revolving on a pivot

From this reading And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Then were produced large knives and forks, which had been shrouded in darkness and grease since the last occasion of the kind, and bearing upon their sides, “Shear-steel, warranted,” in such emphatic letters of assurance, that the warranter’s name was not required as further proof, and not given.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading And finally the tranter had to stand up in the room and let his wife wheel him round like a turnstile, to see if anything discreditable was visible in his appearance.

yellowadjectiveUS /ˈjeloʊ/

of the color intermediate between green and orange in the color spectrum; of something resembling the color of an egg yolk

From this reading The flagstone floor was swept of dust, and a sprinkling of the finest yellow sand from the innermost stratum of the adjoining sand-pit lightly scattered thereupon.

Chapter 8 of Under the Greenwood Tree by Thomas Hardy holds 98 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Under the Greenwood Tree contain?

Chapter 8 holds 98 sentences of Under the Greenwood Tree, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Under the Greenwood Tree by Thomas Hardy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 98 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Under the Greenwood Tree?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Under the Greenwood Tree

Common questions about reading Under the Greenwood Tree by Thomas Hardy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Under the Greenwood Tree?

Yes. All 2933 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2662 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Under the Greenwood Tree is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2662, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Under the Greenwood Tree take to read?

About 244 minutes of reading across 587 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Under the Greenwood Tree section by section

How to work through Under the Greenwood Tree section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Under the Greenwood Tree to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Under the Greenwood Tree

Words and structures a reader meets early in Under the Greenwood Tree, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the Greenwood Tree; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mellstock
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the Greenwood Tree; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Quire
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the Greenwood Tree; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Established
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the Greenwood Tree; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.