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Under the Greenwood Tree
Under the Greenwood Tree

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Under the Greenwood Tree is here in full — 84 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/16 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A MEETING OF THE QUIRE It was the evening of a fine spring day.
The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.
The chief members of Mellstock parish choir were standing in a group in front of Mr. Penny’s workshop in the lower village.
They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.
Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horses legs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Under the Greenwood Tree

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of Under the Greenwood Tree is here in full — 84 sentences across 17 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/16 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A MEETING OF THE QUIRE It was the evening of a fine spring day.
/ə ˈmiːtɪŋ ʌv ðə kwaɪr ɪt wɑːz ðə ˈiːvnɪŋ ʌv ə faɪn sprɪŋ deɪ/
Line 2
The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.
/ðə dɪˈsendɪŋ sʌn əˈpɪrd æz ə ˈnebjələs bleɪz ʌv ˈæmbər laɪt ɪts ˈaʊtlaɪn ˈbiːɪŋ lɔːst ɪn ˈklaʊdi ˈmæsəz ˈhæŋɪŋ raʊnd ɪt laɪk waɪld lɑːks ʌv her/
Line 3
The chief members of Mellstock parish choir were standing in a group in front of Mr. Penny’s workshop in the lower village.
Line 4
They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.
Line 5
Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horseslegs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amber noun US /ˈæmbər/

a deep yellow color

From this reading “The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.”

cloudy adjective US /ˈklaʊdi/

lacking definite form or limits

From this reading “The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.”

nebulous adjective US /ˈnebjələs/

lacking definite form or limits

From this reading “The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.”

Penny's noun US /ˈpeniz/

possessive form of “penny” — a fractional monetary unit of Ireland and the United Kingdom; equal to one hundredth of a pound

quire noun US /kwaɪr/

a quantity of paper; 24 or 25 sheets

From this reading “A MEETING OF THE QUIRE It was the evening of a fine spring day.”

sill noun US /sɪl/

structural member consisting of a continuous horizontal timber forming the lowest member of a framework or supporting structure

From this reading “Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horses’ legs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.”

steeple noun US /ˈstiːpəl/

a tall tower that forms the superstructure of a building (usually a church or temple) and that tapers to a point at the top

From this reading “They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.”

workshop noun US /ˈwɜːrkʃɑːp/

small workplace where handcrafts or manufacturing are done

From this reading “The chief members of Mellstock parish choir were standing in a group in front of Mr. Penny’s workshop in the lower village.”

All words in this reading · 87

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A MEETING OF THE QUIRE It was the evening of a fine spring day.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horses’ legs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

ambernounUS /ˈæmbər/

a deep yellow color

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

backedadjectiveUS /bækt/

having a back or backing, usually of a specified type

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

blazenounUS /bleɪz/

a strong flame that burns brightly

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

brightlyadverbUS /ˈbraɪtli/

with brightness

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

brims

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

cart-wheels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horses’ legs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading The chief members of Mellstock parish choir were standing in a group in front of Mr. Penny’s workshop in the lower village.

choirnounUS /ˈkwaɪər/

a chorus that sings as part of a religious ceremony

From this reading The chief members of Mellstock parish choir were standing in a group in front of Mr. Penny’s workshop in the lower village.

cloudyadjectiveUS /ˈklaʊdi/

lacking definite form or limits

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading A MEETING OF THE QUIRE It was the evening of a fine spring day.

descendingadjectiveUS /dɪˈsendɪŋ/

coming down or downward

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading A MEETING OF THE QUIRE It was the evening of a fine spring day.

eyesnounUS /aɪz/

opinion or judgment

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading A MEETING OF THE QUIRE It was the evening of a fine spring day.

frontnounUS /frʌnt/

the side that is forward or prominent

From this reading The chief members of Mellstock parish choir were standing in a group in front of Mr. Penny’s workshop in the lower village.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading The chief members of Mellstock parish choir were standing in a group in front of Mr. Penny’s workshop in the lower village.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

hangingnounUS /ˈhæŋɪŋ/

decoration that is hung (as a tapestry) on a wall or over a window

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

hatsnounUS /hæts/

plural of “hat” — headdress that protects the head from bad weather; has shaped crown and usually a brim

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horses’ legs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.

hollowadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːloʊ/

not solid; having a space or gap or cavity

From this reading Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horses’ legs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.

horsesnounUS /ˈhɔːrsəz/

plural of “horse” — solid-hoofed herbivorous quadruped domesticated since prehistoric times

From this reading Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horses’ legs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horses’ legs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.

illuminatedadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈluːməneɪtəd/

provided with artificial light

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading A MEETING OF THE QUIRE It was the evening of a fine spring day.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horses’ legs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.

legsnounUS /leɡz/

staying power

From this reading Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horses’ legs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horses’ legs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

locksnounUS /lɑːks/

plural of “lock” — a fastener fitted to a door or drawer to keep it firmly closed

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading The chief members of Mellstock parish choir were standing in a group in front of Mr. Penny’s workshop in the lower village.

lownessnoun

a position of inferior status; low in station or rank or fortune or estimation

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

massesnounUS /ˈmæsəz/

the common people generally

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

MEETINGnounUS /ˈmiːtɪŋ/

a formally arranged gathering

From this reading A MEETING OF THE QUIRE It was the evening of a fine spring day.

Mellstock

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The chief members of Mellstock parish choir were standing in a group in front of Mr. Penny’s workshop in the lower village.

membersnounUS /ˈmembərz/

plural of “member” — one of the persons who compose a social group (especially individuals who have joined and participate in a group organization)

From this reading The chief members of Mellstock parish choir were standing in a group in front of Mr. Penny’s workshop in the lower village.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading The chief members of Mellstock parish choir were standing in a group in front of Mr. Penny’s workshop in the lower village.

nebulousadjectiveUS /ˈnebjələs/

lacking definite form or limits

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A MEETING OF THE QUIRE It was the evening of a fine spring day.

outlinenounUS /ˈaʊtlaɪn/

the line that appears to bound an object

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

parishnounUS /ˈpærɪʃ/

a local church community

From this reading The chief members of Mellstock parish choir were standing in a group in front of Mr. Penny’s workshop in the lower village.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horses’ legs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.

Penny'snounUS /ˈpeniz/

possessive form of “penny” — a fractional monetary unit of Ireland and the United Kingdom; equal to one hundredth of a pound

From this reading The chief members of Mellstock parish choir were standing in a group in front of Mr. Penny’s workshop in the lower village.

protectionnounUS /prəˈtekʃən/

the activity of protecting someone or something

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

QUIREnounUS /kwaɪr/

a quantity of paper; 24 or 25 sheets

From this reading A MEETING OF THE QUIRE It was the evening of a fine spring day.

renderingnounUS /ˈrendərɪŋ/

a performance of a musical composition or a dramatic role etc.

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

roadsidenounUS /ˈroʊdsaɪd/

edge of a way or road or path

From this reading Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horses’ legs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

shadownounUS /ˈʃæd.oʊ/

A dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface.

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

shop-window

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horses’ legs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.

sillnounUS /sɪl/

structural member consisting of a continuous horizontal timber forming the lowest member of a framework or supporting structure

From this reading Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horses’ legs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horses’ legs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.

sourcenounUS /sɔːrs/

the place where something begins, where it springs into being

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading A MEETING OF THE QUIRE It was the evening of a fine spring day.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading The chief members of Mellstock parish choir were standing in a group in front of Mr. Penny’s workshop in the lower village.

steeplenounUS /ˈstiːpəl/

a tall tower that forms the superstructure of a building (usually a church or temple) and that tapers to a point at the top

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horses’ legs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horses’ legs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A MEETING OF THE QUIRE It was the evening of a fine spring day.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading They were all brightly illuminated, and each was backed up by a shadow as long as a steeple; the lowness of the source of light rendering the brims of their hats of no use at all as a protection to the eyes.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading The chief members of Mellstock parish choir were standing in a group in front of Mr. Penny’s workshop in the lower village.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A MEETING OF THE QUIRE It was the evening of a fine spring day.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The chief members of Mellstock parish choir were standing in a group in front of Mr. Penny’s workshop in the lower village.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading The descending sun appeared as a nebulous blaze of amber light, its outline being lost in cloudy masses hanging round it, like wild locks of hair.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Mr. Penny’s was the last house in that part of the parish, and stood in a hollow by the roadside so that cart-wheels and horses’ legs were about level with the sill of his shop-window.

workshopnounUS /ˈwɜːrkʃɑːp/

small workplace where handcrafts or manufacturing are done

From this reading The chief members of Mellstock parish choir were standing in a group in front of Mr. Penny’s workshop in the lower village.

Chapter 11 of Under the Greenwood Tree by Thomas Hardy holds 84 sentences, grouped into 17 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of Under the Greenwood Tree contain?

Chapter 11 holds 84 sentences of Under the Greenwood Tree, unabridged, divided into 17 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of Under the Greenwood Tree by Thomas Hardy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 84 sentences, grouped into 17 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of Under the Greenwood Tree?

Work through the 17 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 17 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Under the Greenwood Tree

Common questions about reading Under the Greenwood Tree by Thomas Hardy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Under the Greenwood Tree?

Yes. All 2933 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2662 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Under the Greenwood Tree is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2662, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Under the Greenwood Tree take to read?

About 244 minutes of reading across 587 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Under the Greenwood Tree section by section

How to work through Under the Greenwood Tree section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Under the Greenwood Tree to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Under the Greenwood Tree

Words and structures a reader meets early in Under the Greenwood Tree, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the Greenwood Tree; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mellstock
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the Greenwood Tree; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Quire
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the Greenwood Tree; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Established
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the Greenwood Tree; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.