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Under the Law
Under the Law

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Under the Law is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Under the Law
Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
UNDER THE LAW The house faced on the river.
The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.
But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.
At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.
Sard's room was in the square tower of the house her father had built in his more grandiloquent days.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Under the Law

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Under the Law is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
UNDER THE LAW The house faced on the river.
/ˈʌndər ðə lɔː ðə haʊs feɪst ɑːn ðə ˈrɪvər/
Line 2
The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.
Line 3
But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.
Line 4
At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.
Line 5
Sard's room was in the square tower of the house her father had built in his more grandiloquent days.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

factories noun US /ˈfæktəriz/

plural of “factory” — a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing

From this reading “But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.”

grandiloquent adjective US /ɡrænˈdɪləkwənt/

lofty in style

From this reading “Sard's room was in the square tower of the house her father had built in his more grandiloquent days.”

laced adjective US /leɪst/

closed with a lace

From this reading “At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.”

lawns noun US /lɔːnz/

plural of “lawn” — a field of cultivated and mowed grass

From this reading “At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.”

massed verb US /mæst/

past form of “mass” — join together into a mass or collect or form a mass

From this reading “At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.”

suburban adjective US /səˈbɜːrbən/

relating to or characteristic of or situated in suburbs

From this reading “But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.”

tinted verb US /ˈtɪntɪd/

past form of “tint” — color lightly

From this reading “At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.”

tulips noun US /ˈtuːləps/

plural of “tulip” — any of numerous perennial bulbous herbs having linear or broadly lanceolate leaves and usually a single showy flower

From this reading “At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

setting sun noun + noun

In this reading “The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.”

real estate adjective + noun

property consisting of houses and land

In this reading “But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.”

opposite shores adjective + noun counted as “opposite shore”

In this reading “At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.”

western shore adjective + noun

In this reading “But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.”

green lawns noun + noun counted as “green lawn”

In this reading “At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.”

square tower verb + noun

In this reading “Sard's room was in the square tower of the house her father had built in his more grandiloquent days.”

royal purple adjective + noun

a shade of purple tinged with red

In this reading “At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.”

giving way noun + noun

In this reading “But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

backgroundnounUS /ˈbækɡraʊnd/

a person's social heritage: previous experience or training

From this reading The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.

banksnounUS /bæŋks/

English botanist who accompanied Captain Cook on his first voyage to the Pacific Ocean (1743-1820)

From this reading The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

bronzenounUS /brɑːnz/

an alloy of copper and tin and sometimes other elements; also any copper-base alloy containing other elements in place of tin

From this reading The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.

buildingsnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋz/

plural of “building” — a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading Sard's room was in the square tower of the house her father had built in his more grandiloquent days.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

castle-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.

churchesnounUS /ˈtʃɜːrtʃɪz/

plural of “church” — one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

colorsnounUS /ˈkʌlərz/

a flag that shows its nationality

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Sard's room was in the square tower of the house her father had built in his more grandiloquent days.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

disappearingnounUS /ˌdɪsəˈpɪrɪŋ/

the act of leaving secretly or without explanation

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

DutchadjectiveUS /dʌtʃ/

of or relating to the Netherlands or its people or culture

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

easternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.

edgenounUS /edʒ/

the boundary of a surface

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

estatenounUS /ɪˈsteɪt/

everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

facedadjectiveUS /feɪst/

having a face or facing especially of a specified kind or number; often used in combination

From this reading UNDER THE LAW The house faced on the river.

factoriesnounUS /ˈfæktəriz/

plural of “factory” — a plant consisting of one or more buildings with facilities for manufacturing

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

far-apart

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Sard's room was in the square tower of the house her father had built in his more grandiloquent days.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.

gardensnounUS /ˈɡɑːrdənz/

plural of “garden” — a plot of ground where plants are cultivated

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

grandiloquentadjectiveUS /ɡrænˈdɪləkwənt/

lofty in style

From this reading Sard's room was in the square tower of the house her father had built in his more grandiloquent days.

greennounUS /ɡriːn/

green color or pigment; resembling the color of growing grass

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Sard's room was in the square tower of the house her father had built in his more grandiloquent days.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.

hilly-looking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Sard's room was in the square tower of the house her father had built in his more grandiloquent days.

homesnounUS /hoʊmz/

plural of “home” — where you live at a particular time

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading UNDER THE LAW The house faced on the river.

HudsonnounUS /ˈhʌdsən/

a New York river; flows southward into New York Bay; explored by Henry Hudson early in the 17th century

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

ideanounUS /aɪˈdiːə/

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

illuminedverbUS /ˌɪˈluːmənd/

past form of “illumine” — make lighter or brighter

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.

irisnounUS /ˈaɪrəs/

plants with sword-shaped leaves and erect stalks bearing bright-colored flowers composed of three petals and three drooping sepals

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

irregularadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈreɡjələr/

contrary to rule or accepted order or general practice

From this reading The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.

lacedadjectiveUS /leɪst/

closed with a lace

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

LAWnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading UNDER THE LAW The house faced on the river.

lawnsnounUS /lɔːnz/

plural of “lawn” — a field of cultivated and mowed grass

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

lovelyadjectiveUS /ˈlʌvli/

appealing to the emotions as well as the eye

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

man'snounUS /mænz/

possessive form of “man” — an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

massedverbUS /mæst/

past form of “mass” — join together into a mass or collect or form a mass

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

massiveadjectiveUS /ˈmæsɪv/

imposing in size or bulk or solidity

From this reading The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Sard's room was in the square tower of the house her father had built in his more grandiloquent days.

MorrisnounUS /ˈmɔːrəs/

United States suffragist in Wyoming (1814-1902)

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading UNDER THE LAW The house faced on the river.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

periodnounUS /ˈpɪriəd/

an amount of time

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

purplenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəl/

a purple color or pigment

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading UNDER THE LAW The house faced on the river.

RoadsnounUS /roʊdz/

a partly sheltered anchorage

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

roofsnounUS /ruːfs/

plural of “roof” — a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading Sard's room was in the square tower of the house her father had built in his more grandiloquent days.

royaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

Sard's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Sard's room was in the square tower of the house her father had built in his more grandiloquent days.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

settingnounUS /ˈsetɪŋ/

the context and environment in which something is set

From this reading The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

shoresnounUS /ʃɔːrz/

plural of “shore” — the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

shrubberies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

slowlyadverbUS /ˈsloʊli/

without speed (“slow” is sometimes used informally for “slowly”)

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading Sard's room was in the square tower of the house her father had built in his more grandiloquent days.

suburbanadjectiveUS /səˈbɜːrbən/

relating to or characteristic of or situated in suburbs

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading UNDER THE LAW The house faced on the river.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

tintedverbUS /ˈtɪntɪd/

past form of “tint” — color lightly

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

towernounUS /ˈtaʊər/

a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading Sard's room was in the square tower of the house her father had built in his more grandiloquent days.

townsnounUS /taʊnz/

plural of “town” — an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

tulipsnounUS /ˈtuːləps/

plural of “tulip” — any of numerous perennial bulbous herbs having linear or broadly lanceolate leaves and usually a single showy flower

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.

UNDERprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading UNDER THE LAW The house faced on the river.

villagesnounUS /ˈvɪlədʒəz/

plural of “village” — a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Sard's room was in the square tower of the house her father had built in his more grandiloquent days.

wavingnounUS /ˈweɪvɪŋ/

the act of signaling by a movement of the hand

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

well-to-doadjective

in fortunate circumstances financially; moderately rich

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.

westernadjectiveUS /ˈwestərn/

relating to or characteristic of the western parts of the world or the West as opposed to the eastern or oriental parts

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading The massive hills that turned bronze in the setting sun were irregular background for the white castle-like buildings on the eastern banks.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

WillownounUS /ˈwɪloʊ/

any of numerous deciduous trees and shrubs of the genus Salix

From this reading But the western shore of the Hudson had set between small mountains little, hilly-looking villages; among them were the Dutch towns, Morris and Willow Roads, whose old roofs, slowly giving way to factories and churches of one period, were at last disappearing before the real estate man's idea of a suburban development.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading At the edge of this development were the far-apart homes of the well-to-do and the long lines of green lawns; the rich trees and tinted shrubberies were illumined and laced with a thousand lovely colors of massed iris and waving tulips set, like the gardens on the river, against royal purple of opposite shores.

Chapter 2 of Under the Law by Edwina Stanton Babcock holds 40 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Under the Law contain?

Chapter 2 holds 40 sentences of Under the Law, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Under the Law by Edwina Stanton Babcock exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 40 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Under the Law?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Under the Law

Common questions about reading Under the Law by Edwina Stanton Babcock on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Under the Law?

Yes. All 5348 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #48009 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Under the Law is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #48009, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Under the Law take to read?

About 445 minutes of reading across 1070 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Under the Law section by section

How to work through Under the Law section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 27 chapters of Under the Law to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Under the Law

Words and structures a reader meets early in Under the Law, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Inscribed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the Law; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sards
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the Law; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mingas
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the Law; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dunstans
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the Law; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.