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Under the White Ensign
Under the White Ensign

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Under the White Ensign is here in full — 117 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/23 · 5 lines
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'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.
The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.
Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.
Bullets from the Senussi now began to sing over the heads of the defenders.
Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Under the White Ensign

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of Under the White Ensign is here in full — 117 sentences across 24 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/23 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.
Line 2
The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.
Line 3
Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.
Line 4
Bullets from the Senussi now began to sing over the heads of the defenders.
Line 5
Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.
/wel ɪt wɑːz ðæt ðə ˈærəbz wɜːr ˈveri ˌɪnˈdɪfrənt ʃɑːts æt lɔːŋ reɪndʒ ˈʌðərwaɪz ðeɪ wʊd hæv ˈteɪkən ə ˈhevi toʊl ʌv ðə ˈsiːmən huː wɜːr əˈblaɪdʒd tuː ˈprezənt ə fer ˈtɑːrɡət æz ðeɪ tɔɪld ɪn ðə ˈoʊ.pən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

castaways noun US /ˈkæstəweɪz/

plural of “castaway” — a person who is rejected (from society or home)

From this reading “'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.”

cope verb US /koʊp/

succeed in doing, achieving, or producing (something) with the limited or inadequate means available

From this reading “'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.”

earthwork noun US /ˈɜːrθwɜːrk/

an earthen rampart

From this reading “Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.”

landward adverb US /ˈlændwərd/

toward land

From this reading “The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.”

menaced verb US /ˈmenəst/

past form of “menace” — pose a threat to; present a danger to

From this reading “'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.”

petrol noun US /ˈpetroʊl/

a volatile flammable mixture of hydrocarbons (hexane and heptane and octane etc.) derived from petroleum; used mainly as a fuel in internal-combustion engines

From this reading “'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.”

shelled adjective US /ʃeld/

of animals or fruits that have a shell

From this reading “The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.”

toll noun US /toʊl/

a fee levied for the use of roads or bridges (used for maintenance)

From this reading “Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

few hours adjective + noun

In this reading “'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.”

cope with verb + particle

In this reading “'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.”

sufficiently strong adverb + adjective

In this reading “Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.”

in order preposition + noun

in a state of proper readiness or preparation or arrangement

In this reading “Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.”

long range adjective + noun

In this reading “Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.”

from the sea preposition + article + noun counted as “from … sea”

In this reading “'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.”

into account preposition + noun

In this reading “The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.”

over the heads preposition + article + noun counted as “over … head”

In this reading “Bullets from the Senussi now began to sing over the heads of the defenders.”

All words in this reading · 98

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

ArabsnounUS /ˈærəbz/

plural of “arab” — a member of a Semitic people originally from the Arabian peninsula and surrounding territories who speaks Arabic and who inhabits much of the Middle East and northern Africa

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

attacknounUS /əˈtæk/

(military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Bullets from the Senussi now began to sing over the heads of the defenders.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

BulletsnounUS /ˈbʊləts/

plural of “bullet” — a projectile that is fired from a gun

From this reading Bullets from the Senussi now began to sing over the heads of the defenders.

castawaysnounUS /ˈkæstəweɪz/

plural of “castaway” — a person who is rejected (from society or home)

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

comparativelyadverbUS /kəmˈperətɪvli/

in a relative manner; by comparison to something else

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

constructedverbUS /kənˈstrʌktəd/

past form of “construct” — make by combining materials and parts

From this reading The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.

convertverbUS /ˈkɑːnvərt/

change from one system to another or to a new plan or policy

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

copeverbUS /koʊp/

succeed in doing, achieving, or producing (something) with the limited or inadequate means available

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

defences

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.

defendersnounUS /dɪˈfendərz/

plural of “defender” — a person who cares for persons or property

From this reading Bullets from the Senussi now began to sing over the heads of the defenders.

discoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

earthworknounUS /ˈɜːrθwɜːrk/

an earthen rampart

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

firedadjectiveUS /ˈfaɪərd/

having lost your job

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

GermannounUS /ˈdʒɜːrmən/

a person of German nationality

From this reading The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.

HADauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

HastilyadverbUS /ˈheɪstəli/

in a hurried or hasty manner

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Bullets from the Senussi now began to sing over the heads of the defenders.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

hostileadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːstəl/

characterized by enmity or ill will

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

hoursnounUS /ˈaʊərz/

a period of time assigned for work

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

hurriedlyadverbUS /ˈhɜːridli/

in a hurried or hasty manner

From this reading The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

indifferentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdɪfrənt/

marked by a lack of interest

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

landwardadverbUS /ˈlændwərd/

toward land

From this reading The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.

lightadjectiveUS /laɪt/

of comparatively little physical weight or density

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

menacedverbUS /ˈmenəst/

past form of “menace” — pose a threat to; present a danger to

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Bullets from the Senussi now began to sing over the heads of the defenders.

obligedadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒd/

under a moral obligation to do something

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

ordernounUS /ˈɔːrdər/

(often plural) a command given by a superior (e.g., a military or law enforcement officer) that must be obeyed

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Bullets from the Senussi now began to sing over the heads of the defenders.

parados

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

perilnounUS /ˈperəl/

a source of danger; a possibility of incurring loss or misfortune

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

petrolnounUS /ˈpetroʊl/

a volatile flammable mixture of hydrocarbons (hexane and heptane and octane etc.) derived from petroleum; used mainly as a fuel in internal-combustion engines

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

possibilitynounUS /ˌpɑːsəˈbɪlətiː/

a future prospect or potential

From this reading The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

previouslyadverbUS /ˈpriːviəsli/

at an earlier time or formerly

From this reading The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

resistverbUS /rɪˈzɪst/

elude, especially in a baffling way

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

seanounUS /siː/

a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

seamennounUS /ˈsiːmən/

plural of “seaman” — a man who serves as a sailor

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

Senussi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Bullets from the Senussi now began to sing over the heads of the defenders.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

shelledadjectiveUS /ʃeld/

of animals or fruits that have a shell

From this reading The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.

shellsnounUS /ʃelz/

plural of “shell” — ammunition consisting of a cylindrical metal casing containing an explosive charge and a projectile; fired from a large gun

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

shotsnounUS /ʃɑːts/

plural of “shot” — the act of firing a projectile

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.

singverbUS /sɪŋ/

deliver by singing

From this reading Bullets from the Senussi now began to sing over the heads of the defenders.

stepsnounUS /steps/

a flight of stairs or a flight of steps

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

storenounUS /stɔːr/

a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

strengthenverbUS /ˈstreŋθən/

make strong or stronger

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

submarinenounUS /ˈsʌbməriːn/

a submersible warship usually armed with torpedoes

From this reading The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.

sufficientlyadverbUS /səˈfɪʃəntli/

to a sufficient degree

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

targetnounUS /ˈtɑːrɡət/

a reference point to shoot at

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

thrownadjectiveUS /θroʊn/

caused to fall to the ground

From this reading The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

toiledverbUS /tɔɪld/

past form of “toil” — work hard

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

tollnounUS /toʊl/

a fee levied for the use of roads or bridges (used for maintenance)

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

trenchesnounUS /ˈtrentʃɪz/

plural of “trench” — a ditch dug as a fortification having a parapet of the excavated earth

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

Twixt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

U-Boatnoun

a submersible warship usually armed with torpedoes

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The defences that had been hurriedly thrown up had been constructed against attack from the landward side; the possibility of being shelled from a German submarine had not previously been taken into account.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

WelladverbUS /wel/

(often used as a combining form) in a good or proper or satisfactory manner or to a high standard (“good” is a nonstandard dialectal variant for “well”)

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Well it was that the Arabs were very indifferent shots at long range, otherwise they would have taken a heavy toll of the seamen who were obliged to present a fair target as they toiled in the open.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading Hastily the British seamen set to work to strengthen the parados of the trenches, in order to convert it into an earthwork sufficiently strong to resist the comparatively light shells fired from the hostile submarine.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading 'Twixt U-Boat and Arabs HAD the discovery of the petrol store been made a few hours earlier, steps would have been taken to cope with the peril from the sea that menaced the castaways.

Chapter 16 of Under the White Ensign by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman holds 117 sentences, grouped into 24 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of Under the White Ensign contain?

Chapter 16 holds 117 sentences of Under the White Ensign, unabridged, divided into 24 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of Under the White Ensign by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 117 sentences, grouped into 24 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of Under the White Ensign?

Work through the 24 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 24 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Under the White Ensign

Common questions about reading Under the White Ensign by Percy F. (Percy Francis) Westerman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Under the White Ensign?

Yes. All 3339 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #52141 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Under the White Ensign is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #52141, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Under the White Ensign take to read?

About 278 minutes of reading across 668 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Under the White Ensign section by section

How to work through Under the White Ensign section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 28 chapters of Under the White Ensign to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Under the White Ensign

Words and structures a reader meets early in Under the White Ensign, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Laddie's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the White Ensign; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Warning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the White Ensign; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Rotten
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the White Ensign; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Night
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Under the White Ensign; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.