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Unexplored Spain
Unexplored Spain

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Unexplored Spain is here in full — 121 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
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WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.
Half-a-million may be in view day by day, but in situations or under conditions where scarce half-a-score can be killed.
This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.
Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.
As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Unexplored Spain

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Unexplored Spain is here in full — 121 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.
Line 2
Half-a-million may be in view day by day, but in situations or under conditions where scarce half-a-score can be killed.
Line 3
This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.
Line 4
Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.
Line 5
As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

detonators noun US /ˈdetəneɪtərz/

plural of “detonator” — a mechanical or electrical explosive device or a small amount of explosive; can be used to initiate the reaction of a disrupting explosive

From this reading “Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.”

elementary adjective US /ˌeləˈmentri/

easy and not involved or complicated

From this reading “This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.”

fowler noun US /ˈfaʊlər/

English lexicographer who wrote a well-known book on English usage (1858-1933)

From this reading “WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.”

Hawker noun US /ˈhɔːkər/

someone who travels about selling his wares (as on the streets or at carnivals)

From this reading “This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.”

massed verb US /mæst/

past form of “mass” — join together into a mass or collect or form a mass

From this reading “As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.”

terse adjective US /tɜːrs/

brief and to the point; effectively cut short

From this reading “This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.”

trenchant adjective US /ˈtrentʃənt/

having keenness and forcefulness and penetration in thought, expression, or intellect

From this reading “This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.”

uninitiated adjective US /ˌʌnɪˈnɪʃieɪtɪd/

not initiated; deficient in relevant experience

From this reading “This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

devised means verb + noun counted as “devise means”

In this reading “Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.”

under conditions preposition + noun

In this reading “Half-a-million may be in view day by day, but in situations or under conditions where scarce half-a-score can be killed.”

any sort adjective + noun

In this reading “WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.”

by virtue preposition + noun

In this reading “WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.”

secured by verb + particle counted as “secure by”

In this reading “Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.”

in view preposition + noun

In this reading “Half-a-million may be in view day by day, but in situations or under conditions where scarce half-a-score can be killed.”

All words in this reading · 125

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

19

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

affordverbUS /əˈfɔːrd/

be able to spare or give up

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

affordingverbUS /əˈfɔːrdɪŋ/

-ing form of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

aggregations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

appreciatedadjectiveUS /əˈpriːʃieɪtɪd/

fully understood or grasped

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

approachingnounUS /əˈproʊtʃɪŋ/

the event of one object coming closer to another

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

authorsnounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

plural of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

bootnounUS /buːt/

footwear that covers the whole foot and lower leg

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

breech-loaders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Half-a-million may be in view day by day, but in situations or under conditions where scarce half-a-score can be killed.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

cabresto

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Half-a-million may be in view day by day, but in situations or under conditions where scarce half-a-score can be killed.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

certaintynounUS /ˈsɜːrtənti/

the state of being certain

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

ColonelnounUS /ˈkɜːrnəl/

a commissioned military officer in the United States Army or Air Force or Marines who ranks above a lieutenant colonel and below a brigadier general

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

conditionsnounUS /kənˈdɪʃənz/

the prevailing context that influences the performance or the outcome of a process

From this reading Half-a-million may be in view day by day, but in situations or under conditions where scarce half-a-score can be killed.

copper-caps

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Half-a-million may be in view day by day, but in situations or under conditions where scarce half-a-score can be killed.

deadlyadjectiveUS /ˈdedli/

causing or capable of causing death

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

detonatorsnounUS /ˈdetəneɪtərz/

plural of “detonator” — a mechanical or electrical explosive device or a small amount of explosive; can be used to initiate the reaction of a disrupting explosive

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

devisedverbUS /dɪˈvaɪzd/

past form of “devise” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

elementaryadjectiveUS /ˌeləˈmentri/

easy and not involved or complicated

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

epochnounUS /ˈepək/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

equallyadverbUS /ˈiːkwəli/

to the same degree (often followed by “as”)

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

failedverbUS /feɪld/

past form of “fail” — fail to do something; leave something undone

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

featurenounUS /ˈfiːtʃər/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

fixverbUS /fɪks/

restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

fowlernounUS /ˈfaʊlər/

English lexicographer who wrote a well-known book on English usage (1858-1933)

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

fowlers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

Half-a-million

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Half-a-million may be in view day by day, but in situations or under conditions where scarce half-a-score can be killed.

half-a-score

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Half-a-million may be in view day by day, but in situations or under conditions where scarce half-a-score can be killed.

HawkernounUS /ˈhɔːkər/

someone who travels about selling his wares (as on the streets or at carnivals)

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

Hawker's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

henceadverbUS /hens/

for this reason

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

interestingadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəstɪŋ/

arousing or holding the attention

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

ITSdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading Half-a-million may be in view day by day, but in situations or under conditions where scarce half-a-score can be killed.

LongadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

MARISMA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

marketnounUS /ˈmɑːrkət/

the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

massedverbUS /mæst/

past form of “mass” — join together into a mass or collect or form a mass

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

mutandis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

mutatis

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

necessarilyadverbUS /ˌnesəˈserəli/

in an essential manner

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

opportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Half-a-million may be in view day by day, but in situations or under conditions where scarce half-a-score can be killed.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

PRACTICEnounUS /ˈpræktəs/

a customary way of operation or behavior

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

PRINCIPLESnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəlz/

plural of “principle” — a basic generalization that is accepted as true and that can be used as a basis for reasoning or conduct

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

probablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

prologuenounUS /ˈproʊlɑːɡ/

an introduction to a play

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

scarceadverbUS /skers/

only a very short time before

From this reading Half-a-million may be in view day by day, but in situations or under conditions where scarce half-a-score can be killed.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

securedverbUS /sɪˈkjʊrd/

past form of “secure” — get by special effort

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

situationsnounUS /ˌsɪtʃuːˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “situation” — the general state of things; the combination of circumstances at a given time

From this reading Half-a-million may be in view day by day, but in situations or under conditions where scarce half-a-score can be killed.

sortnounUS /sɔːrt/

a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

stalking-horsenoun

a candidate put forward to divide the Opposition or to mask the true candidate

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

standverbUS /stænd/

be standing; be upright

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

swarmingverbUS /ˈswɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “swarm” — be teeming, be abuzz

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

terseadjectiveUS /tɜːrs/

brief and to the point; effectively cut short

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

trenchantadjectiveUS /ˈtrentʃənt/

having keenness and forcefulness and penetration in thought, expression, or intellect

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

unconsciousadjectiveUS /ˌʌnˈkɑːnʃəs/

not conscious; lacking awareness and the capacity for sensory perception as if asleep or dead

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Half-a-million may be in view day by day, but in situations or under conditions where scarce half-a-score can be killed.

uninitiatedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnɪˈnɪʃieɪtɪd/

not initiated; deficient in relevant experience

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

uniqueadjectiveUS /juːˈniːk/

radically distinctive and without equal

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

VastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

venturenounUS /ˈventʃər/

any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading Half-a-million may be in view day by day, but in situations or under conditions where scarce half-a-score can be killed.

virtuenounUS /ˈvɝː.tʃuː/

Moral excellence and goodness of character; the highest human attainment in Stoic philosophy.

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Half-a-million may be in view day by day, but in situations or under conditions where scarce half-a-score can be killed.

whereby

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading As a market venture, their system of a stalking-horse (called a _cabresto_) was deadly in the extreme and interesting to boot, affording unique opportunity of closely approaching massed wildfowl while still unconscious of danger.

wholesaleadverbUS /ˈhoʊlseɪl/

at a wholesale price

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

wildfowlnoun

flesh of any of a number of wild game birds suitable for food

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

WILDFOWL-SHOOTING

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Long before the authors had appeared on the scene with breech-loaders--even before the epoch of Hawker with his copper-caps and detonators--the Spanish fowlers of the marisma had already devised means of their own whereby the swarming wildfowl could be secured by wholesale.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading This elementary feature is never appreciated by the uninitiated, nor probably ever will be since Hawker's terse and trenchant prologue failed to fix it.[19] What "the Colonel" wrote a century ago stands equally good to-day; and _mutatis mutandis_ will probably stand good a century hence.

yetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading WILDFOWL-SHOOTING IN THE MARISMA ITS PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE Vast as their aggregations may be, yet wildfowl do not necessarily--merely by virtue of numbers--afford any sort of certainty to the modern fowler.

Chapter 10 of Unexplored Spain by Abel Chapman holds 121 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Unexplored Spain contain?

Chapter 10 holds 121 sentences of Unexplored Spain, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Unexplored Spain by Abel Chapman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 121 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Unexplored Spain?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Unexplored Spain

Common questions about reading Unexplored Spain by Abel Chapman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Unexplored Spain?

Yes. All 5753 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41593 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Unexplored Spain is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41593, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Unexplored Spain take to read?

About 479 minutes of reading across 1151 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Unexplored Spain section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in Unexplored Spain

Words and structures a reader meets early in Unexplored Spain, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Spain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Norway
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wildfowling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Safari
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.