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Unexplored Spain
Unexplored Spain

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Unexplored Spain is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/29 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.
For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.
Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.
Yet such is the fact--one of the surprises that befall in Spain, the _pays de l'imprévu_.
The paradox is explained by the stated necessity in wild-geese to furnish their gizzards with store of grit or sand for digestive purposes.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Unexplored Spain

Chapter XII

Chapter 12 of Unexplored Spain is here in full — 145 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/29 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.
Line 2
For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.
Line 3
Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.
Line 4
Yet such is the fact--one of the surprises that befall in Spain, the _pays de l'imprévu_.
Line 5
The paradox is explained by the stated necessity in wild-geese to furnish their gizzards with store of grit or sand for digestive purposes.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

buttressed adjective US /ˈbʌtrəst/

held up by braces or buttresses

From this reading “Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.”

credulity noun US /krɪˈduːləti/

tendency to believe readily

From this reading “Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.”

digestive adjective US /daɪˈdʒestɪv/

relating to or having the power to cause or promote digestion

From this reading “The paradox is explained by the stated necessity in wild-geese to furnish their gizzards with store of grit or sand for digestive purposes.”

dunes noun US /duːnz/

plural of “dune” — a ridge of sand created by the wind; found in deserts or near lakes and oceans

From this reading “WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.”

eyesight noun US /ˈaɪsaɪt/

normal use of the faculty of vision

From this reading “For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.”

Flanking verb US /ˈflæŋkɪŋ/

-ing form of “flank” — be located at the sides of something or somebody

From this reading “WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.”

paradox noun US /ˈperədɑːks/

(logic) a statement that contradicts itself

From this reading “The paradox is explained by the stated necessity in wild-geese to furnish their gizzards with store of grit or sand for digestive purposes.”

sanity noun US /ˈsænəti/

normal or sound powers of mind

From this reading “Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

favourite resort noun + noun

In this reading “Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.”

dry lands noun + noun counted as “dry land”

the solid part of the earth's surface

In this reading “WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.”

set off verb + particle

put in motion or move to act

In this reading “For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.”

on earth preposition + noun

used with question words to convey surprise

In this reading “WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.”

biggest thing adjective + noun counted as “big thing”

In this reading “WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.”

in the sand preposition + article + noun counted as “in … sand”

In this reading “WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.”

All words in this reading · 114

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

aye

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

azurenounUS /ˈæʒər/

a light shade of blue

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

befallverbUS /bɪˈfɔːl/

become of; happen to

From this reading Yet such is the fact--one of the surprises that befall in Spain, the _pays de l'imprévu_.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

biggestadjectiveUS /ˈbɪɡəst/

superlative of “big” — above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

blindedadjectiveUS /ˈblaɪndɪd/

deprived of sight

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

brilliantlyadverbUS /ˈbrɪljəntli/

with brightness

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

buttressedadjectiveUS /ˈbʌtrəst/

held up by braces or buttresses

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

constituteverbUS /ˈkɑːnstətuːt/

form or compose

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

contrastnounUS /ˈkɑːntræst/

the opposition or dissimilarity of things that are compared

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

credulitynounUS /krɪˈduːləti/

tendency to believe readily

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

dazzledadjectiveUS /ˈdæzəld/

having vision overcome temporarily by or as if by intense light

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Yet such is the fact--one of the surprises that befall in Spain, the _pays de l'imprévu_.

digestiveadjectiveUS /daɪˈdʒestɪv/

relating to or having the power to cause or promote digestion

From this reading The paradox is explained by the stated necessity in wild-geese to furnish their gizzards with store of grit or sand for digestive purposes.

Doñana

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

dryadjectiveUS /draɪ/

free from liquid or moisture; lacking natural or normal moisture or depleted of water; or no longer wet

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

dunesnounUS /duːnz/

plural of “dune” — a ridge of sand created by the wind; found in deserts or near lakes and oceans

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

earthnounUS /ɜːrθ/

the 3rd planet from the sun; the planet we live on

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

explainedverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪnd/

past form of “explain” — make plain and comprehensible

From this reading The paradox is explained by the stated necessity in wild-geese to furnish their gizzards with store of grit or sand for digestive purposes.

extendverbUS /ɪkˈstend/

extend in scope or range or area

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

eyesightnounUS /ˈaɪsaɪt/

normal use of the faculty of vision

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading Yet such is the fact--one of the surprises that befall in Spain, the _pays de l'imprévu_.

favouritenounUS /ˈfeɪvərɪt/

a competitor thought likely to win

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

FlankingverbUS /ˈflæŋkɪŋ/

-ing form of “flank” — be located at the sides of something or somebody

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

furnishverbUS /ˈfɜːrnɪʃ/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading The paradox is explained by the stated necessity in wild-geese to furnish their gizzards with store of grit or sand for digestive purposes.

gizzards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The paradox is explained by the stated necessity in wild-geese to furnish their gizzards with store of grit or sand for digestive purposes.

gritnounUS /ɡrɪt/

a hard coarse-grained siliceous sandstone

From this reading The paradox is explained by the stated necessity in wild-geese to furnish their gizzards with store of grit or sand for digestive purposes.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

informant's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

informedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd/

having much knowledge or education

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Yet such is the fact--one of the surprises that befall in Spain, the _pays de l'imprévu_.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

l'imprévu

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yet such is the fact--one of the surprises that befall in Spain, the _pays de l'imprévu_.

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

leastadjectiveUS /liːst/

the superlative of “little” that can be used with mass nouns and is usually preceded by “the”; a quantifier meaning smallest in amount or extent or degree

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

marisma

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

nakedadjectiveUS /ˈneɪkəd/

completely unclothed

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

necessitynounUS /nəˈsesəti/

the condition of being essential or indispensable

From this reading The paradox is explained by the stated necessity in wild-geese to furnish their gizzards with store of grit or sand for digestive purposes.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

ONprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Yet such is the fact--one of the surprises that befall in Spain, the _pays de l'imprévu_.

one's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

paradoxnounUS /ˈperədɑːks/

(logic) a statement that contradicts itself

From this reading The paradox is explained by the stated necessity in wild-geese to furnish their gizzards with store of grit or sand for digestive purposes.

paysnounUS /peɪz/

plural of “pay” — something that remunerates

From this reading Yet such is the fact--one of the surprises that befall in Spain, the _pays de l'imprévu_.

purposesnounUS /ˈpɜːrpəsəz/

plural of “purpose” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading The paradox is explained by the stated necessity in wild-geese to furnish their gizzards with store of grit or sand for digestive purposes.

rampart-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

reasonablyadverbUS /ˈriːzənəbli/

to certain extent or degree

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

relieveverbUS /rɪˈliːv/

provide physical relief, as from pain

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

resortnounUS /rɪˈzɔːrt/

a hotel located in a resort area

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

risesnounUS /ˈraɪzəz/

plural of “rise” — a growth in strength or number or importance

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

sandnounUS /sænd/

a loose material consisting of grains of rock or coral

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

SAND-HILLS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

sanitynounUS /ˈsænəti/

normal or sound powers of mind

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

scintillatingadjective

brilliantly clever

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

seeingnounUS /ˈsiːɪŋ/

perception by means of the eyes

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

separatingverbUS /ˈsepəreɪtɪŋ/

-ing form of “separate” — act as a barrier between; stand between

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

seriouslyadverbUS /ˈsɪriəsli/

in a serious manner

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

Shouldmodal verbUS /ʃʊd/

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading Yet such is the fact--one of the surprises that befall in Spain, the _pays de l'imprévu_.

statedadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtɪd/

declared as fact; explicitly stated

From this reading The paradox is explained by the stated necessity in wild-geese to furnish their gizzards with store of grit or sand for digestive purposes.

storenounUS /stɔːr/

a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading The paradox is explained by the stated necessity in wild-geese to furnish their gizzards with store of grit or sand for digestive purposes.

strangernounUS /ˈstreɪndʒər/

anyone who does not belong in the environment in which they are found

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Yet such is the fact--one of the surprises that befall in Spain, the _pays de l'imprévu_.

summitsnounUS /ˈsʌmɪts/

plural of “summit” — the highest level or degree attainable; the highest stage of development

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

surprisesnounUS /sərˈpraɪzɪz/

plural of “surprise” — the astonishment you feel when something totally unexpected happens to you

From this reading Yet such is the fact--one of the surprises that befall in Spain, the _pays de l'imprévu_.

suspectverbUS /səˈspekt/

imagine to be the case or true or probable

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

swellingnounUS /ˈswelɪŋ/

an abnormal protuberance or localized enlargement

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

testedadjectiveUS /ˈtestɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

unbrokenadjectiveUS /ənˈbroʊkən/

marked by continuous or uninterrupted extension in space or time or sequence

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

vaultnounUS /vɒlt/

An arched structure of masonry forming a ceiling, or a secure subterranean storage room.

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

vegetationnounUS /ˌvedʒəˈteɪʃən/

all the plant life in a particular region or period

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

vestigenounUS /ˈvestɪdʒ/

an indication that something has been present

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

vividadjectiveUS /ˈvɪvəd/

evoking lifelike images within the mind

From this reading For miles extend these mountains of sand, unbroken by vestige of vegetation or any object to relieve one's eyesight, dazzled--aye, blinded--by that brilliantly scintillating surface, set off in vivid contrast by the azure vault above.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

WILD-GEESE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading WILD-GEESE ON THE SAND-HILLS Flanking the marisma and separating it from the dry lands of Doñana, there rises rampart-like a swelling range of dunes--the biggest thing in the sand line we have seen on earth.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The paradox is explained by the stated necessity in wild-geese to furnish their gizzards with store of grit or sand for digestive purposes.

wondernounUS /ˈwʌndər/

the feeling aroused by something strange and surprising

From this reading Should a stranger, on first seeing those buttressed dunes, be seriously informed that their naked summits constitute a favourite resort of wild-geese, he might reasonably suspect his informant's sanity, or at least wonder whether his own credulity were not being tested.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet such is the fact--one of the surprises that befall in Spain, the _pays de l'imprévu_.

Chapter 12 of Unexplored Spain by Abel Chapman holds 145 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of Unexplored Spain contain?

Chapter 12 holds 145 sentences of Unexplored Spain, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of Unexplored Spain by Abel Chapman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 145 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of Unexplored Spain?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 12 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Unexplored Spain

Common questions about reading Unexplored Spain by Abel Chapman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Unexplored Spain?

Yes. All 5753 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41593 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Unexplored Spain is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41593, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Unexplored Spain take to read?

About 479 minutes of reading across 1151 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Unexplored Spain section by section

How to work through Unexplored Spain section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Unexplored Spain to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Unexplored Spain

Words and structures a reader meets early in Unexplored Spain, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Spain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Norway
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wildfowling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Safari
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.