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Unexplored Spain
Unexplored Spain

Chapter XXVI

Chapter 26 of Unexplored Spain is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
FLAMINGOES THE QUEST FOR THEIR "INCUNABULA" The flamingo stands in a class apart.
Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.
Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.
The story of the efforts made by British naturalists to solve the problem ranks among the classics of ornithology.
The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Unexplored Spain

Chapter XXVI

Chapter 26 of Unexplored Spain is here in full — 92 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
FLAMINGOES THE QUEST FOR THEIR "INCUNABULA" The flamingo stands in a class apart.
Line 2
Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.
Line 3
Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.
Line 4
The story of the efforts made by British naturalists to solve the problem ranks among the classics of ornithology.
/ðə ˈstɔːri ʌv ðə ˈefərts meɪd baɪ ˈbrɪtɪʃ ˈnætʃərəlɪsts tuː sɑːlv ðə ˈprɑːbləm ræŋks əˈmʌŋ ðə ˈklæsɪks ʌv ˌɔːrnɪˈθɑːlədʒi/
Line 5
The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

flamingo noun US /fləˈmɪŋɡoʊ/

large pink to scarlet web-footed wading bird with down-bent bill; inhabits brackish lakes

From this reading “FLAMINGOES THE QUEST FOR THEIR "INCUNABULA" The flamingo stands in a class apart.”

frustrate verb US /ˈfrʌstreɪt/

hinder or prevent (the efforts, plans, or desires) of

From this reading “The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.”

incubate verb US /ˈɪnkjəbeɪt/

grow under conditions that promote development

From this reading “Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.”

irregularity noun US /ˌɪreɡjəˈlerəti/

behavior that breaches the rule or etiquette or custom or morality

From this reading “The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.”

naturalists noun US /ˈnætʃərəlɪsts/

plural of “naturalist” — an advocate of the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms

From this reading “The story of the efforts made by British naturalists to solve the problem ranks among the classics of ornithology.”

nesting verb US /ˈnestɪŋ/

-ing form of “nest” — inhabit a nest, usually after building

From this reading “Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.”

ornithology noun US /ˌɔːrnɪˈθɑːlədʒi/

the branch of zoology that studies birds

From this reading “The story of the efforts made by British naturalists to solve the problem ranks among the classics of ornithology.”

wettest adjective US /ˈwetəst/

superlative of “wet” — covered or soaked with a liquid such as water

From this reading “The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

solve the problem verb + article + noun counted as “solve … problem”

In this reading “The story of the efforts made by British naturalists to solve the problem ranks among the classics of ornithology.”

for generations preposition + noun counted as “for generation”

In this reading “Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.”

act of verb + particle

In this reading “Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.”

stands in verb + particle counted as “stand in”

be a substitute

In this reading “FLAMINGOES THE QUEST FOR THEIR "INCUNABULA" The flamingo stands in a class apart.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading FLAMINGOES THE QUEST FOR THEIR "INCUNABULA" The flamingo stands in a class apart.

abnormaladjectiveUS /æbˈnɔːrməl/

not normal; not typical or usual or regular or conforming to a norm

From this reading Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.

AlliedadjectiveUS /əˈlaɪd/

related by common characteristics or ancestry

From this reading Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading The story of the efforts made by British naturalists to solve the problem ranks among the classics of ornithology.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.

apartadverbUS /əˈpɑːrt/

separated or at a distance in place or position or time

From this reading FLAMINGOES THE QUEST FOR THEIR "INCUNABULA" The flamingo stands in a class apart.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.

bigadjectiveUS /bɪɡ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

birdnounUS /bɜːrd/

warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.

bird-form

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.

bird-life

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading The story of the efforts made by British naturalists to solve the problem ranks among the classics of ornithology.

buildverbUS /bɪld/

make by combining materials and parts

From this reading Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.

classnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading FLAMINGOES THE QUEST FOR THEIR "INCUNABULA" The flamingo stands in a class apart.

classicsnounUS /ˈklæsɪks/

study of the literary works of ancient Greece and Rome

From this reading The story of the efforts made by British naturalists to solve the problem ranks among the classics of ornithology.

combinedadjectiveUS /kəmˈbaɪnd/

made or joined or united into one

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.

countiesnounUS /ˈkaʊntiz/

plural of “county” — (United Kingdom) a region created by territorial division for the purpose of local government

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

creationnounUS /kriˈeɪʃən/

the human act of creating

From this reading Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

easternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

effortsnounUS /ˈefərts/

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading The story of the efforts made by British naturalists to solve the problem ranks among the classics of ornithology.

eggsnounUS /eɡz/

oval reproductive body of a fowl (especially a hen) used as food

From this reading Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.

EuropeannounUS /ˌjʊrəˈpiːən/

a native or inhabitant of Europe

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

explorationnounUS /ˌeksplərˈeɪʃən/

to travel for the purpose of discovery

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

extentnounUS /ɪkˈstent/

the point or degree to which something extends

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

flamingonounUS /fləˈmɪŋɡoʊ/

large pink to scarlet web-footed wading bird with down-bent bill; inhabits brackish lakes

From this reading FLAMINGOES THE QUEST FOR THEIR "INCUNABULA" The flamingo stands in a class apart.

FLAMINGOES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FLAMINGOES THE QUEST FOR THEIR "INCUNABULA" The flamingo stands in a class apart.

FORprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading FLAMINGOES THE QUEST FOR THEIR "INCUNABULA" The flamingo stands in a class apart.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.

frustrateverbUS /ˈfrʌstreɪt/

hinder or prevent (the efforts, plans, or desires) of

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

generationsnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃənz/

plural of “generation” — all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.

Guadalquivir

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.

HowardnounUS /ˈhaʊərd/

English actor of stage and screen (1893-1943)

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading FLAMINGOES THE QUEST FOR THEIR "INCUNABULA" The flamingo stands in a class apart.

incubateverbUS /ˈɪnkjəbeɪt/

grow under conditions that promote development

From this reading Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.

INCUNABULA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading FLAMINGOES THE QUEST FOR THEIR "INCUNABULA" The flamingo stands in a class apart.

irregularitynounUS /ˌɪreɡjəˈlerəti/

behavior that breaches the rule or etiquette or custom or morality

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.

ItsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The story of the efforts made by British naturalists to solve the problem ranks among the classics of ornithology.

marismas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.

methodnounUS /ˈmeθəd/

a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.

naturalistsnounUS /ˈnætʃərəlɪsts/

plural of “naturalist” — an advocate of the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms

From this reading The story of the efforts made by British naturalists to solve the problem ranks among the classics of ornithology.

nestnounUS /nest/

a structure in which animals lay eggs or give birth to their young

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

nestingverbUS /ˈnestɪŋ/

-ing form of “nest” — inhabit a nest, usually after building

From this reading Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

ornithologynounUS /ˌɔːrnɪˈθɑːlədʒi/

the branch of zoology that studies birds

From this reading The story of the efforts made by British naturalists to solve the problem ranks among the classics of ornithology.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

problemnounUS /ˈprɑːbləm/

a state of difficulty that needs to be resolved

From this reading The story of the efforts made by British naturalists to solve the problem ranks among the classics of ornithology.

QUESTnounUS /kwest/

a search for an alternative that meets cognitive criteria

From this reading FLAMINGOES THE QUEST FOR THEIR "INCUNABULA" The flamingo stands in a class apart.

questionverbUS /ˈkwestʃən/

challenge the accuracy, probity, or propriety of

From this reading Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.

ranksnounUS /ræŋks/

plural of “rank” — a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading The story of the efforts made by British naturalists to solve the problem ranks among the classics of ornithology.

regardedverbUS /rɪˈɡɑːrdɪd/

past form of “regard” — deem to be

From this reading Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.

relatedadjectiveUS /rɪˈleɪtɪd/

being connected either logically or causally or by shared characteristics

From this reading Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.

remainverbUS /rɪˈmeɪn/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

Saunders

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

seasonsnounUS /ˈsiːzənz/

plural of “season” — a period of the year marked by special events or activities in some field

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

separateverbUS /ˈsepəreɪt/

act as a barrier between; stand between

From this reading Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.

solveverbUS /sɑːlv/

find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of

From this reading The story of the efforts made by British naturalists to solve the problem ranks among the classics of ornithology.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading FLAMINGOES THE QUEST FOR THEIR "INCUNABULA" The flamingo stands in a class apart.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The story of the efforts made by British naturalists to solve the problem ranks among the classics of ornithology.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading FLAMINGOES THE QUEST FOR THEIR "INCUNABULA" The flamingo stands in a class apart.

THEIRdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading FLAMINGOES THE QUEST FOR THEIR "INCUNABULA" The flamingo stands in a class apart.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Allied to no other bird-form--hardly so much as related--it may be regarded almost as a separate act of creation.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

vexedadjectiveUS /vekst/

troubled persistently especially with petty annoyances

From this reading Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

wettestadjectiveUS /ˈwetəst/

superlative of “wet” — covered or soaked with a liquid such as water

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Its nesting habits, and the method by which a bird of such abnormal build could incubate its eggs, formed for generations a "vexed question" in bird-life.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading The marismas of Guadalquivir were early known to be one of the few European _incunabula_ of the flamingo; but their vast extent--"as big as our eastern counties," Howard Saunders wrote--and the irregularity of the seasons (since flamingoes only remain to nest in the wettest years) combined to frustrate exploration.

Chapter 26 of Unexplored Spain by Abel Chapman holds 92 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 26 of Unexplored Spain contain?

Chapter 26 holds 92 sentences of Unexplored Spain, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 26 of Unexplored Spain by Abel Chapman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 92 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 26 of Unexplored Spain?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 26 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 26 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Unexplored Spain

Common questions about reading Unexplored Spain by Abel Chapman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Unexplored Spain?

Yes. All 5753 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41593 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Unexplored Spain is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41593, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Unexplored Spain take to read?

About 479 minutes of reading across 1151 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Unexplored Spain section by section

How to work through Unexplored Spain section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Unexplored Spain to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Unexplored Spain

Words and structures a reader meets early in Unexplored Spain, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Spain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Norway
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wildfowling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Safari
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.