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Unexplored Spain
Unexplored Spain

Chapter XXXII

Chapter 32 of Unexplored Spain is here in full — 95 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.
As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.
For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.
For six centuries the lands and waters of Albufera belonged to the Spanish Crown.
Though by edict in A.D.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Unexplored Spain

Chapter XXXII

Chapter 32 of Unexplored Spain is here in full — 95 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.
Line 2
As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.
Line 3
For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.
Line 4
For six centuries the lands and waters of Albufera belonged to the Spanish Crown.
Line 5
Though by edict in A.D.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

edict noun US /ˈiːdɪkt/

a formal or authoritative proclamation

From this reading “Though by edict in A.D.”

fabled adjective US /ˈfeɪbəld/

celebrated in fable or legend

From this reading “For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.”

fertility noun US /fərˈtɪləti/

the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year

From this reading “For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.”

regal adjective US /ˈriːɡəl/

belonging to or befitting a supreme ruler

From this reading “For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.”

resorts noun US /rɪˈzɔːrts/

plural of “resort” — a hotel located in a resort area

From this reading “VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.”

thirteenth adjective US /ˈθɜːr.tiːnθ/

Constituting number thirteen in a sequence.

From this reading “As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.”

valencia noun US /vəˈlensiə/

an industrial city in northern Venezuela

From this reading “VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.”

wresting verb US /ˈrestɪŋ/

-ing form of “wrest” — obtain by seizing forcibly or violently, also metaphorically

From this reading “As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

thirteenth century adjective + noun

In this reading “As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.”

largest sheet adjective + noun counted as “large sheet”

In this reading “VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.”

broad lands adjective + noun counted as “broad land”

In this reading “For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.”

great lake adjective + noun

In this reading “For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.”

share of verb + particle

In this reading “As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.”

For six preposition + noun

In this reading “For six centuries the lands and waters of Albufera belonged to the Spanish Crown.”

For centuries preposition + noun counted as “for century”

In this reading “VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

adjoined

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

ALBUFERA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

animal-life

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

appanages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

appreciationnounUS /əˌpriːʃiˈeɪʃən/

understanding of the nature or meaning or quality or magnitude of something

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

belongedverbUS /bɪˈlɔːŋd/

past form of “belong” — be owned by; be in the possession of

From this reading For six centuries the lands and waters of Albufera belonged to the Spanish Crown.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

broadadjectiveUS /brɔːd/

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Though by edict in A.D.

castlesnounUS /ˈkæsəlz/

plural of “castle” — a large and stately mansion

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

centuriesnounUS /ˈsentʃəriz/

plural of “century” — a period of 100 years

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

CrownnounUS /kraʊn/

the Crown (or the reigning monarch) as the symbol of the power and authority of a monarchy

From this reading For six centuries the lands and waters of Albufera belonged to the Spanish Crown.

Cullera

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading Though by edict in A.D.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

dividingverbUS /dɪˈvaɪdɪŋ/

-ing form of “divide” — separate into parts or portions

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

edictnounUS /ˈiːdɪkt/

a formal or authoritative proclamation

From this reading Though by edict in A.D.

estatesnounUS /ɪˈsteɪts/

plural of “estate” — everything you own; all of your assets (whether real property or personal property) and liabilities

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

fabledadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪbəld/

celebrated in fable or legend

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

fertilitynounUS /fərˈtɪləti/

the ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

forestsnounUS /ˈfɔːrəsts/

plural of “forest” — the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

formerlyadverbUS /ˈfɔːrmərli/

at a previous time

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

generalsnounUS /ˈdʒenərəlz/

plural of “general” — a general officer of the highest rank

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

Grao

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

hunting-domain

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

interveningadjectiveUS /ˌɪntərˈviːnɪŋ/

occurring or falling between events or points in time

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

JamesnounUS /dʒeɪmz/

a Stuart king of Scotland who married a daughter of Henry VII; when England and France went to war in 1513 he invaded England and died in defeat at Flodden (1473-1513)

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

KingdomnounUS /ˈkɪŋdəm/

a domain in which something is dominant

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

lagoonnounUS /ləˈɡuːn/

a body of water cut off from a larger body by a reef of sand or coral

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

lakenounUS /leɪk/

a body of (usually fresh) water surrounded by land

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

lake-shores

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

landsnounUS /lændz/

plural of “land” — the land on which real estate is located

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

largestadjectiveUS /ˈlɑːrdʒəst/

superlative of “large” — above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

marineadjectiveUS /mərˈiːn/

of or relating to the sea

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

MoorsnounUS /mʊrz/

plural of “moor” — one of the Muslim people of north Africa; of mixed Arab and Berber descent; converted to Islam in the 8th century; conqueror of Spain in the 8th century

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

noblesnounUS /ˈnoʊbəlz/

plural of “noble” — a titled peer of the realm

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

NOTABLEadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəbəl/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

possessedadjectiveUS /pəˈzest/

influenced or controlled by a powerful force such as a strong emotion

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

regaladjectiveUS /ˈriːɡəl/

belonging to or befitting a supreme ruler

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

RESORTSnounUS /rɪˈzɔːrts/

plural of “resort” — a hotel located in a resort area

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

selectedadjectiveUS /səˈlektɪd/

chosen in preference to another

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

shareverbUS /ʃer/

have in common

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

sheetnounUS /ʃiːt/

any broad thin expanse or surface

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

shrewdadjectiveUS /ʃruːd/

marked by practical hardheaded intelligence

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

sixnounUS /sɪks/

the cardinal number that is the sum of five and one

From this reading For six centuries the lands and waters of Albufera belonged to the Spanish Crown.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

SpanishnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading For six centuries the lands and waters of Albufera belonged to the Spanish Crown.

spoilsnounUS /spɔɪlz/

plural of “spoil” — (usually plural) valuables taken by violence (especially in war)

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

strongholdnounUS /ˈstrɔːŋhoʊld/

a strongly fortified defensive structure

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

thirteenthadjectiveUS /ˈθɜːr.tiːnθ/

Constituting number thirteen in a sequence.

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

ThoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Though by edict in A.D.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading For six centuries the lands and waters of Albufera belonged to the Spanish Crown.

trulyadverbUS /ˈtruːli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading For not only did the great lake with its wild appanages form a truly regal hunting-domain, but the broad lands intervening between the Grao of Valencia, Cullera, and the lake-shores possessed a fabled fertility.

TWOnounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

VALENCIAnounUS /vəˈlensiə/

an industrial city in northern Venezuela

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

wastesnounUS /weɪsts/

plural of “waste” — any materials unused and rejected as worthless or unwanted

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

watersnounUS /ˈwɔːtərz/

United States actress and singer (1896-1977)

From this reading For six centuries the lands and waters of Albufera belonged to the Spanish Crown.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

WILDFOWLnoun

flesh of any of a number of wild game birds suitable for food

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading VALENCIA TWO NOTABLE WILDFOWL RESORTS (1) THE ALBUFERA For centuries this marine lagoon--the largest sheet of water in Spain--has, along with the forests and wastes that formerly adjoined it, been a stronghold of wild animal-life.

wrestingverbUS /ˈrestɪŋ/

-ing form of “wrest” — obtain by seizing forcibly or violently, also metaphorically

From this reading As early as the thirteenth century King James I., after wresting the Kingdom of Valencia from the Moors, and dividing its castles and estates among his nobles and generals, selected, with shrewd appreciation, the Albufera for his personal share of the spoils of war.

Chapter 32 of Unexplored Spain by Abel Chapman holds 95 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 32 of Unexplored Spain contain?

Chapter 32 holds 95 sentences of Unexplored Spain, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 32 of Unexplored Spain by Abel Chapman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 95 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 32 of Unexplored Spain?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 32 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 32 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Unexplored Spain

Common questions about reading Unexplored Spain by Abel Chapman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Unexplored Spain?

Yes. All 5753 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41593 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Unexplored Spain is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41593, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Unexplored Spain take to read?

About 479 minutes of reading across 1151 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through Unexplored Spain section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Unexplored Spain

Words and structures a reader meets early in Unexplored Spain, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Spain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Norway
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wildfowling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Safari
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.