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Unexplored Spain
Unexplored Spain

Chapter XXXVI

Chapter 36 of Unexplored Spain is here in full — 159 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/31 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SERRANÍA DE RONDA (_Continued_) II.
THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.
Our earlier experience in Bermeja, our efforts to study its ibex--and to secure a specimen or two--are told in _Wild Spain_.
Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.
But since brushwood clothes Bermeja and other Mediterranean hills to their topmost heights, the local wild-goats have literally no choice in the matter.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Unexplored Spain

Chapter XXXVI

Chapter 36 of Unexplored Spain is here in full — 159 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/31 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SERRANÍA DE RONDA (_Continued_) II.
Line 2
THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.
Line 3
Our earlier experience in Bermeja, our efforts to study its ibex--and to secure a specimen or two--are told in _Wild Spain_.
Line 4
Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.
Line 5
But since brushwood clothes Bermeja and other Mediterranean hills to their topmost heights, the local wild-goats have literally no choice in the matter.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Caucasus noun US /ˈkɔːkəsəs/

the mountain range in Caucasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea that forms part of the traditional border between Europe and Asia

From this reading “Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.”

deviation noun US /ˌdiːviˈeɪʃən/

a variation that deviates from the standard or norm

From this reading “Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.”

Himalayas noun US /ˌhɪməˈlaɪəs/

a mountain range extending 1500 miles on the border between India and Tibet; this range contains the world's highest mountain

From this reading “Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.”

ibex noun US /ˈaɪbeks/

wild goat of mountain areas of Eurasia and northern Africa having large recurved horns

From this reading “THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.”

rarer adjective US /ˈrerər/

comparative of “rare” — not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading “THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.”

scrubby adjective US /ˈskrʌbi/

sparsely covered with stunted trees or vegetation and underbrush

From this reading “Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.”

sierra noun US /siˈerə/

a range of mountains (usually with jagged peaks and irregular outline)

From this reading “THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.”

Spain's noun US /speɪnz/

possessive form of “spain” — a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading “THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

affordsverbUS /əˈfɔːrdz/

third-person singular of “afford” — be able to spare or give up

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Our earlier experience in Bermeja, our efforts to study its ibex--and to secure a specimen or two--are told in _Wild Spain_.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

BERMEJA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

brushwoodnoun

the wood from bushes or small branches

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But since brushwood clothes Bermeja and other Mediterranean hills to their topmost heights, the local wild-goats have literally no choice in the matter.

CaucasusnounUS /ˈkɔːkəsəs/

the mountain range in Caucasia between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea that forms part of the traditional border between Europe and Asia

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

characteristicnounUS /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪk/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

choicenounUS /tʃɔɪs/

the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading But since brushwood clothes Bermeja and other Mediterranean hills to their topmost heights, the local wild-goats have literally no choice in the matter.

clothesnounUS /kloʊðz/

clothing in general

From this reading But since brushwood clothes Bermeja and other Mediterranean hills to their topmost heights, the local wild-goats have literally no choice in the matter.

ContinuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading SERRANÍA DE RONDA (_Continued_) II.

DEnounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading SERRANÍA DE RONDA (_Continued_) II.

demandsnounUS /dɪˈmændz/

plural of “demand” — an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

deviationnounUS /ˌdiːviˈeɪʃən/

a variation that deviates from the standard or norm

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading Our earlier experience in Bermeja, our efforts to study its ibex--and to secure a specimen or two--are told in _Wild Spain_.

effortsnounUS /ˈefərts/

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading Our earlier experience in Bermeja, our efforts to study its ibex--and to secure a specimen or two--are told in _Wild Spain_.

elsewhereadverbUS /ˈelswer/

in or to another place

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

experienceverbUS /ɪkˈspɪriəns/

undergo or live through a difficult experience

From this reading Our earlier experience in Bermeja, our efforts to study its ibex--and to secure a specimen or two--are told in _Wild Spain_.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

guestsnounUS /ɡests/

plural of “guest” — a visitor to whom hospitality is extended

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

habitsnounUS /ˈhæbəts/

plural of “habit” — an established custom

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

habituallyadverbUS /həˈbɪtʃuːəli/

according to habit or custom

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

haresnounUS /herz/

plural of “hare” — swift timid long-eared mammal larger than a rabbit having a divided upper lip and long hind legs; young born furred and with open eyes

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading But since brushwood clothes Bermeja and other Mediterranean hills to their topmost heights, the local wild-goats have literally no choice in the matter.

heightsnounUS /haɪts/

a high place

From this reading But since brushwood clothes Bermeja and other Mediterranean hills to their topmost heights, the local wild-goats have literally no choice in the matter.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

HimalayasnounUS /ˌhɪməˈlaɪəs/

a mountain range extending 1500 miles on the border between India and Tibet; this range contains the world's highest mountain

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

ibexnounUS /ˈaɪbeks/

wild goat of mountain areas of Eurasia and northern Africa having large recurved horns

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

IInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading SERRANÍA DE RONDA (_Continued_) II.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Our earlier experience in Bermeja, our efforts to study its ibex--and to secure a specimen or two--are told in _Wild Spain_.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Our earlier experience in Bermeja, our efforts to study its ibex--and to secure a specimen or two--are told in _Wild Spain_.

lammergeyernoun

the largest Eurasian bird of prey; having black feathers hanging around the bill

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

lie-up

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

literallyadverbUS /ˈlɪtərəli/

in a literal sense

From this reading But since brushwood clothes Bermeja and other Mediterranean hills to their topmost heights, the local wild-goats have literally no choice in the matter.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

localadjectiveUS /ˈloʊkəl/

relating to or applicable to or concerned with the administration of a city or town or district rather than a larger area

From this reading But since brushwood clothes Bermeja and other Mediterranean hills to their topmost heights, the local wild-goats have literally no choice in the matter.

matternounUS /ˈmætər/

a vaguely specified concern

From this reading But since brushwood clothes Bermeja and other Mediterranean hills to their topmost heights, the local wild-goats have literally no choice in the matter.

MediterraneannounUS /ˌmedətərˈeɪniən/

the largest inland sea; between Europe and Africa and Asia

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading But since brushwood clothes Bermeja and other Mediterranean hills to their topmost heights, the local wild-goats have literally no choice in the matter.

observedadjectiveUS /əbˈzɜːrvd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading But since brushwood clothes Bermeja and other Mediterranean hills to their topmost heights, the local wild-goats have literally no choice in the matter.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Our earlier experience in Bermeja, our efforts to study its ibex--and to secure a specimen or two--are told in _Wild Spain_.

pagenounUS /peɪdʒ/

one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

peculiaradjectiveUS /pəˈkjuːljər/

beyond or deviating from the usual or expected

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

pinsápo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

rareradjectiveUS /ˈrerər/

comparative of “rare” — not widely known; especially valued for its uncommonness

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

remarkableadjectiveUS /rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl/

unusual or striking

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

RONDA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SERRANÍA DE RONDA (_Continued_) II.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

scrubbyadjectiveUS /ˈskrʌbi/

sparsely covered with stunted trees or vegetation and underbrush

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

secureverbUS /sɪˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading Our earlier experience in Bermeja, our efforts to study its ibex--and to secure a specimen or two--are told in _Wild Spain_.

SERRANÍA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading SERRANÍA DE RONDA (_Continued_) II.

shorenounUS /ʃɔːr/

the land along the edge of a body of water

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

SIERRAnounUS /siˈerə/

a range of mountains (usually with jagged peaks and irregular outline)

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading But since brushwood clothes Bermeja and other Mediterranean hills to their topmost heights, the local wild-goats have literally no choice in the matter.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading Our earlier experience in Bermeja, our efforts to study its ibex--and to secure a specimen or two--are told in _Wild Spain_.

Spain'snounUS /speɪnz/

possessive form of “spain” — a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

specimennounUS /ˈspesəmən/

an example regarded as typical of its class

From this reading Our earlier experience in Bermeja, our efforts to study its ibex--and to secure a specimen or two--are told in _Wild Spain_.

standingadjectiveUS /ˈstændɪŋ/

having a supporting base

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading Our earlier experience in Bermeja, our efforts to study its ibex--and to secure a specimen or two--are told in _Wild Spain_.

SufficeverbUS /səˈfaɪs/

be sufficient; be adequate, either in quality or quantity

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

threenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

toldverbUS /toʊld/

inflected form of “tell” — express in words

From this reading Our earlier experience in Bermeja, our efforts to study its ibex--and to secure a specimen or two--are told in _Wild Spain_.

topmostadjective

at or nearest to the top

From this reading But since brushwood clothes Bermeja and other Mediterranean hills to their topmost heights, the local wild-goats have literally no choice in the matter.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading THE SIERRA BERMEJA The Sierra Bermeja, standing on Mediterranean shore, demands a page or two if only because it affords a home to three of Spain's peculiar and rarer guests--the pinsápo, the ibex, and the lammergeyer.

whereverconjunctionUS /weˈrevər/

in or to any place at all

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Suffice it here to say that the characteristic of these Mediterranean mountains is that here the ibex habitually live, and even lie-up (as hares do), among the scrubby brushwood of the hills--a remarkable deviation from their observed habits elsewhere, whether in Spain, the Caucasus and Himalayas, or wherever ibex are found.

WildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading Our earlier experience in Bermeja, our efforts to study its ibex--and to secure a specimen or two--are told in _Wild Spain_.

wild-goats

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But since brushwood clothes Bermeja and other Mediterranean hills to their topmost heights, the local wild-goats have literally no choice in the matter.

Chapter 36 of Unexplored Spain by Abel Chapman holds 159 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 36 of Unexplored Spain contain?

Chapter 36 holds 159 sentences of Unexplored Spain, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 36 of Unexplored Spain by Abel Chapman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 159 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 36 of Unexplored Spain?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 36 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 36 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Unexplored Spain

Common questions about reading Unexplored Spain by Abel Chapman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Unexplored Spain?

Yes. All 5753 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41593 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Unexplored Spain is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41593, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Unexplored Spain take to read?

About 479 minutes of reading across 1151 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Unexplored Spain section by section

How to work through Unexplored Spain section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

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Vocabulary met early in Unexplored Spain

Words and structures a reader meets early in Unexplored Spain, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Spain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Norway
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wildfowling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Safari
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.