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Unexplored Spain
Unexplored Spain

Chapter XXXVII

Chapter 37 of Unexplored Spain is here in full — 61 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.
At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.
Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.
There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.
No fowler could view such a scene without perceiving that approach to the wildfowl might be effected under cover of these unsuspected ponies.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Unexplored Spain

Chapter XXXVII

Chapter 37 of Unexplored Spain is here in full — 61 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.
Line 2
At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.
Line 3
Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.
Line 4
There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.
Line 5
No fowler could view such a scene without perceiving that approach to the wildfowl might be effected under cover of these unsuspected ponies.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

breeders noun US /ˈbriːdərz/

plural of “breeder” — a person who breeds animals

From this reading “A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.”

egret noun US /ˈeɡrət/

any of various usually white herons having long plumes during breeding season

From this reading “There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.”

feral adjective US /ˈferəl/

wild and menacing

From this reading “At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.”

magpies noun US /ˈmæɡpaɪz/

plural of “magpie” — long-tailed black-and-white crow that utters a raucous chattering call

From this reading “There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.”

preying verb US /ˈpreɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “prey” — profit from in an exploitatory manner

From this reading “There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.”

ticks noun US /tɪks/

plural of “tick” — a metallic tapping sound

From this reading “There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.”

vegas noun US /ˈveɪɡəs/

plural of “vega” — prolific Spanish playwright (1562-1635)

warbles noun US /ˈwɔːrbəlz/

plural of “warble” — a lumpy abscess under the hide of domestic mammals caused by larvae of a botfly or warble fly

From this reading “There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

wildest regions adjective + noun counted as “wild region”

In this reading “At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.”

pull up verb + adjective

come to a halt after driving somewhere

In this reading “There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.”

in the shadows preposition + article + noun counted as “in … shadow”

In this reading “There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.”

All words in this reading · 117

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.

aboundverbUS /əˈbaʊnd/

be abundant or plentiful; exist in large quantities

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

affordverbUS /əˈfɔːrd/

be able to spare or give up

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

approachverbUS /əˈproʊtʃ/

move towards

From this reading No fowler could view such a scene without perceiving that approach to the wildfowl might be effected under cover of these unsuspected ponies.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

asideadverbUS /əˈsaɪd/

on or to one side

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

AtprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

bareadjectiveUS /ber/

completely unclothed

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading No fowler could view such a scene without perceiving that approach to the wildfowl might be effected under cover of these unsuspected ponies.

beastsnounUS /biːsts/

plural of “beast” — a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

breedersnounUS /ˈbriːdərz/

plural of “breeder” — a person who breeds animals

From this reading A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.

brood-mares

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

CABRESTO

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading No fowler could view such a scene without perceiving that approach to the wildfowl might be effected under cover of these unsuspected ponies.

couplenounUS /ˈkʌpəl/

a pair who associate with one another

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

coververbUS /ˈkʌvər/

provide with a covering or cause to be covered

From this reading No fowler could view such a scene without perceiving that approach to the wildfowl might be effected under cover of these unsuspected ponies.

deignverbUS /deɪn/

do something that one considers to be below one's dignity

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

effectedadjectiveUS /ɪˈfektɪd/

settled securely and unconditionally

From this reading No fowler could view such a scene without perceiving that approach to the wildfowl might be effected under cover of these unsuspected ponies.

egretnounUS /ˈeɡrət/

any of various usually white herons having long plumes during breeding season

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

eke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

feraladjectiveUS /ˈferəl/

wild and menacing

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

fighting-bull

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

flocksnounUS /flɑːks/

plural of “flock” — a church congregation guided by a pastor

From this reading A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.

fowlernounUS /ˈfaʊlər/

English lexicographer who wrote a well-known book on English usage (1858-1933)

From this reading No fowler could view such a scene without perceiving that approach to the wildfowl might be effected under cover of these unsuspected ponies.

FOWLING

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.

graziers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.

grazingnounUS /ˈɡreɪzɪŋ/

the act of grazing

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

half-immersed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

handnounUS /hænd/

the (prehensile) extremity of the superior limb

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

hardyadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːrdi/

having rugged physical strength; inured to fatigue or hardships

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

herbagenoun

succulent herbaceous vegetation of pasture land

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

herdsnounUS /hɜːrdz/

plural of “herd” — a group of cattle or sheep or other domestic mammals all of the same kind that are herded by humans

From this reading A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.

knee-deepadjective

coming only to the ankle or knee

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

magpiesnounUS /ˈmæɡpaɪz/

plural of “magpie” — long-tailed black-and-white crow that utters a raucous chattering call

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

marismas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading No fowler could view such a scene without perceiving that approach to the wildfowl might be effected under cover of these unsuspected ponies.

monarchnounUS /ˈmɑːnɑːrk/

a nation's ruler or head of state usually by hereditary right

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

moveverbUS /muːv/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

oppositeadjectiveUS /ˈɑːpəzət/

being directly across from each other; facing

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

ORconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

perceivingverbUS /pərˈsiːvɪŋ/

-ing form of “perceive” — to become aware of through the senses

From this reading No fowler could view such a scene without perceiving that approach to the wildfowl might be effected under cover of these unsuspected ponies.

perchedverbUS /pɜːrtʃt/

past form of “perch” — sit, as on a branch

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

poniesnounUS /ˈpoʊniz/

plural of “pony” — a range horse of the western United States

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

precariousadjectiveUS /priˈkeriəs/

affording no ease or reassurance

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

preyingverbUS /ˈpreɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “prey” — profit from in an exploitatory manner

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

progenynounUS /ˈprɑːdʒəni/

the immediate descendants of a person

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

pullverbUS /pʊl/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

reednounUS /riːd/

tall woody perennial grasses with hollow slender stems especially of the genera Arundo and Phragmites

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

regionsnounUS /ˈriːdʒənz/

plural of “region” — the extended spatial location of something

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

richestadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtʃəst/

superlative of “rich” — possessing material wealth

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

ridesnounUS /raɪdz/

plural of “ride” — a journey in a vehicle (usually an automobile)

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

scalenounUS /skeɪl/

an ordered reference standard

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

scarceadverbUS /skers/

only a very short time before

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading No fowler could view such a scene without perceiving that approach to the wildfowl might be effected under cover of these unsuspected ponies.

shadowsnounUS /ˈʃædoʊz/

plural of “shadow” — shade within clear boundaries

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

shaggyadjectiveUS /ˈʃæɡi/

used of hair; thick and poorly groomed

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

snow-whiteadjective

of the white color of snow

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.

SPANISHnounUS /ˈspænɪʃ/

the Romance language spoken in most of Spain and the countries colonized by Spain

From this reading A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.

spear-grass

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

splashingnounUS /ˈsplæʃɪŋ/

the act of splashing a (liquid) substance on a surface

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

STALKING-HORSEnoun

a candidate put forward to divide the Opposition or to mask the true candidate

From this reading A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.

standsnounUS /stændz/

plural of “stand” — a support or foundation

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

subaquaticadjective

growing or remaining under water

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

subsistencenounUS /səbˈsɪstəns/

minimal (or marginal) resources for subsisting

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading No fowler could view such a scene without perceiving that approach to the wildfowl might be effected under cover of these unsuspected ponies.

swimverbUS /swɪm/

travel through water

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

SYSTEMnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.

tastelessadjectiveUS /ˈteɪstləs/

lacking flavor

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A SPANISH SYSTEM OF FOWLING THE "CABRESTO" OR STALKING-HORSE Spain is a land of flocks and herds, of breeders and graziers.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading No fowler could view such a scene without perceiving that approach to the wildfowl might be effected under cover of these unsuspected ponies.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

ThroughoutprepositionUS /θruːˈaʊt/

in every part of a place, or for the whole of a period

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

ticksnounUS /tɪks/

plural of “tick” — a metallic tapping sound

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading No fowler could view such a scene without perceiving that approach to the wildfowl might be effected under cover of these unsuspected ponies.

unsuspectedadjectiveUS /ˌʌnsəˈspektɪd/

not suspected or believed likely

From this reading No fowler could view such a scene without perceiving that approach to the wildfowl might be effected under cover of these unsuspected ponies.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

vegasnounUS /ˈveɪɡəs/

plural of “vega” — prolific Spanish playwright (1562-1635)

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

viewnounUS /vjuː/

a way of regarding situations or topics etc.

From this reading No fowler could view such a scene without perceiving that approach to the wildfowl might be effected under cover of these unsuspected ponies.

warblesnounUS /ˈwɔːrbəlz/

plural of “warble” — a lumpy abscess under the hide of domestic mammals caused by larvae of a botfly or warble fly

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

wateryadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːtəri/

filled with water

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

wild-bred

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

wildernesses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

wildestadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪldɪst/

superlative of “wild” — marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading At the head of the scale stands the fighting-bull, monarch of the richest _vegas_; at the opposite extreme come the shaggy little ponies and brood-mares that eke out a feral and precarious subsistence in the wildest regions.

wildfowlnoun

flesh of any of a number of wild game birds suitable for food

From this reading There they live, splashing in the shadows, heads half-immersed as they pull up subaquatic herbage; on the back of one rides perched a snow-white egret, on another a couple of magpies, preying on ticks or warbles, while all around swim wildfowl that scarce deign to move aside.

wiryadjectiveUS /ˈwɪri/

lean and sinewy

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Throughout the marismas hardy beasts with wild-bred progeny on which no human hand has ever laid, abound, grazing knee-deep in watery wildernesses where tasteless reed or wiry spear-grass afford a bare subsistence.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading No fowler could view such a scene without perceiving that approach to the wildfowl might be effected under cover of these unsuspected ponies.

Chapter 37 of Unexplored Spain by Abel Chapman holds 61 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 37 of Unexplored Spain contain?

Chapter 37 holds 61 sentences of Unexplored Spain, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 37 of Unexplored Spain by Abel Chapman exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 61 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 37 of Unexplored Spain?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 37 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 37 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Unexplored Spain

Common questions about reading Unexplored Spain by Abel Chapman on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Unexplored Spain?

Yes. All 5753 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #41593 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Unexplored Spain is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #41593, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Unexplored Spain take to read?

About 479 minutes of reading across 1151 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Unexplored Spain section by section

How to work through Unexplored Spain section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of Unexplored Spain to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Unexplored Spain

Words and structures a reader meets early in Unexplored Spain, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Spain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Norway
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Wildfowling
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Safari
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unexplored Spain; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.