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Unknown Mexico — Volume 1
Unknown Mexico — Volume 1

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Unknown Mexico — Volume 1 is here in full — 423 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
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A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.
From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.
Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.
It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.
While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Unknown Mexico — Volume 1

Chapter II · Chapter 2

Chapter 2 of Unknown Mexico — Volume 1 is here in full — 423 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.
Line 2
From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.
Line 3
Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.
Line 4
It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.
Line 5
While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adobe noun US /əˈdoʊbi/

the clay from which adobe bricks are made

From this reading “Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.”

Apache noun US /əˈpætʃi/

any member of Athapaskan tribes that migrated to the southwestern desert (from Arizona to Texas and south into Mexico); fought a losing battle from 1861 to 1886 with the United States and were resettled in Oklahoma

From this reading “A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.”

easterly adjective US /ˈiːstərli/

lying in or toward the east

From this reading “From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.”

fonts noun US /fɑːnts/

plural of “font” — a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading “While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.”

Franciscans noun US /frænˈsɪskənz/

plural of “franciscan” — a Roman Catholic friar wearing the grey habit of the Franciscan order

From this reading “It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.”

Mammoth adjective US /ˈmæməθ/

so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth

From this reading “A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.”

sierra noun US /siˈerə/

a range of mountains (usually with jagged peaks and irregular outline)

From this reading “A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.”

Tusk noun US /tʌsk/

a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses

From this reading “A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.”

All words in this reading · 122

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

100

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

adobenounUS /əˈdoʊbi/

the clay from which adobe bricks are made

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

agoadverbUS /əˈɡoʊ/

in the past

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

ancientadjectiveUS /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/

Belonging to the very distant past and no longer in existence or deeply revered.

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

AntiqueadjectiveUS /ænˈtiːk/

made in or typical of earlier times and valued for its age

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

antiquitynounUS /ænˈtɪkwəti/

the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

ApachenounUS /əˈpætʃi/

any member of Athapaskan tribes that migrated to the southwestern desert (from Arizona to Texas and south into Mexico); fought a losing battle from 1861 to 1886 with the United States and were resettled in Oklahoma

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

ArrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

Bacadehuachi

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

Bavispe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

CenturynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

churchnounUS /tʃɜːrtʃ/

one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

ClimbingnounUS /ˈklaɪmɪŋ/

an event that involves rising to a higher point (as in altitude or temperature or intensity etc.)

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

crossverbUS /krɔːs/

travel across or pass over

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

debrisnounUS /dəˈbriː/

the remains of something that has been destroyed or broken up

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

DiscoveredadjectiveUS /dɪˈskʌvərd/

discovered or determined by scientific observation

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

dugnounUS /dʌɡ/

an udder or breast or teat

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

easterlyadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərli/

lying in or toward the east

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

erectedverbUS /ɪˈrektəd/

past form of “erect” — construct, build, or erect

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

fontsnounUS /fɑːnts/

plural of “font” — a specific size and style of type within a type family

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

FootnounUS /fʊt/

the part of the leg of a human being below the ankle joint

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

foundationsnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃənz/

plural of “foundation” — the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

FranciscansnounUS /frænˈsɪskənz/

plural of “franciscan” — a Roman Catholic friar wearing the grey habit of the Franciscan order

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

graduallyadverbUS /ˈɡrædʒuːəli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

Granados

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

grandadjectiveUS /ɡrænd/

of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

heavyadjectiveUS /ˈhevi/

of comparatively great physical weight or density

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

holynounUS /ˈhoʊli/

a sacred place of pilgrimage

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

informedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfɔːrmd/

having much knowledge or education

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

inspectingverbUS /ˌɪnˈspektɪŋ/

-ing form of “inspect” — look over carefully

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

JesuitnounUS /ˈdʒeʒuːɪt/

a member of the Jesuit order

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

Libbey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

lookedverbUS /lʊkt/

past form of “look” — perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

Madre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

MammothadjectiveUS /ˈmæməθ/

so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

massiveadjectiveUS /ˈmæsɪv/

imposing in size or bulk or solidity

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

MonumentsnounUS /ˈmɑːnjəmənts/

plural of “monument” — a structure erected to commemorate persons or events

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

mountainsnounUS /ˈmaʊntənz/

plural of “mountain” — a land mass that projects well above its surroundings; higher than a hill

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

Nacori

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

overflowingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊvərfloʊɪŋ/

covered with water

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

owingadjectiveUS /ˈoʊɪŋ/

owed as a debt

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

PiecenounUS /piːs/

a separate part of a whole

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

PlantverbUS /plænt/

put or set (seeds, seedlings, or plants) into the ground

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

pointnounUS /pɔɪnt/

a geometric element that has position but no extension

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

ProfessornounUS /prəˈfesər/

someone who is a member of the faculty at a college or university

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

proportionnounUS /prəˈpɔːrʃən/

the quotient obtained when the magnitude of a part is divided by the magnitude of the whole

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

rainsnounUS /reɪnz/

plural of “rain” — water falling in drops from vapor condensed in the atmosphere

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

remainsnounUS /rɪˈmeɪnz/

any object that is left unused or still extant

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

RemarkableadjectiveUS /rɪˈmɑːrkəbəl/

unusual or striking

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

risingadjectiveUS /ˈraɪzɪŋ/

advancing or becoming higher or greater in degree or value or status

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

RivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

ruinsnounUS /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

SecuredverbUS /sɪˈkjʊrd/

past form of “secure” — get by special effort

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

SierranounUS /siˈerə/

a range of mountains (usually with jagged peaks and irregular outline)

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

sitenounUS /saɪt/

the piece of land on which something is located (or is to be located)

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

SolitudenounUS /ˈsɑːlətuːd/

a state of social isolation

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

somewhatadverbUS /ˈsʌmˈwʌt/

to a small degree or extent

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

SpeciesnounUS /ˈspiːʃiz/

(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

SquirrelnounUS /ˈskwɜːrəl/

a kind of arboreal rodent having a long bushy tail

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

StartingadjectiveUS /ˈstɑːrtɪŋ/

(especially of eyes) bulging or protruding as with fear

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

stoups

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

structurenounUS /ˈstrʌktʃər/

a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

stylenounUS /staɪl/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

templenounUS /ˈtempəl/

place of worship consisting of an edifice for the worship of a deity

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

Trincheras

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

TusknounUS /tʌsk/

a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

UpperadjectiveUS /ˈʌpər/

the topmost one of two

From this reading A Remarkable Antique Piece--A New Species of Century Plant--Arrival at Nacori, at the Foot of the Sierra Madre--Trincheras--A Mammoth Tusk Secured--Climbing the Sierra Madre--A New Squirrel Discovered--Solitude--Apache Monuments--Arrival at Upper Bavispe River.

villagenounUS /ˈvɪlədʒ/

a community of people smaller than a town

From this reading Starting from this point, the ground gradually rising, we arrived at Bacadehuachi, a small village remarkable for its church, a massive adobe structure, the grand style of which looked somewhat out of proportion in these mountains.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

waternounUS /ˈwɔːtər/

binary compound that occurs at room temperature as a clear colorless odorless tasteless liquid; freezes into ice below 0 degrees centigrade and boils above 100 degrees centigrade; widely used as a solvent

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading From Granados we took an easterly course, being at last able to cross the Bavispe River, which, owing to heavy rains in the sierra, had for some time been overflowing.

WhileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading While inspecting the church Professor Libbey discovered that one of the holy water fonts or stoups was a piece of great antiquity, and we were informed that it had been dug up from the debris of the ancient temple when the foundations for the present building were laid.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading It had been built by the Franciscans more than 100 years ago, on the site of an older Jesuit church, remains of which are still in existence, and which in turn had been erected on the ruins of an ancient temple.

Chapter 2 of Unknown Mexico — Volume 1 by Carl Lumholtz holds 423 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Unknown Mexico — Volume 1 contain?

Chapter 2 holds 423 sentences of Unknown Mexico — Volume 1, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Unknown Mexico — Volume 1 by Carl Lumholtz exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 423 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Unknown Mexico — Volume 1?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Unknown Mexico — Volume 1

Common questions about reading Unknown Mexico — Volume 1 by Carl Lumholtz on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Unknown Mexico — Volume 1?

Yes. All 5571 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #16426 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Unknown Mexico — Volume 1 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #16426, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Unknown Mexico — Volume 1 take to read?

About 464 minutes of reading across 1115 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Unknown Mexico — Volume 1 section by section

How to work through Unknown Mexico — Volume 1 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Unknown Mexico — Volume 1

Words and structures a reader meets early in Unknown Mexico — Volume 1, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Preparations
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unknown Mexico — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Start--our
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unknown Mexico — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Goods
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unknown Mexico — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Relished
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unknown Mexico — Volume 1; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.