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Unknown to History
Unknown to History

Chapter XXIX · Chapter 29

Chapter 29 of Unknown to History is here in full — 171 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/34 · 5 lines
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IN THE TOWER.
"Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.
"He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."
"Yea, and that long before you were, Master Will," said Richard, always a little entertained by the young gentleman's airs of patronage.
"However, I am beholden to you."
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Unknown to History

Chapter XXIX · Chapter 29

Chapter 29 of Unknown to History is here in full — 171 sentences across 35 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/34 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
IN THE TOWER.
/ɪn ðə ˈtaʊər/
Line 2
"Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.
Line 3
"He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."
Line 4
"Yea, and that long before you were, Master Will," said Richard, always a little entertained by the young gentleman's airs of patronage.
Line 5
"However, I am beholden to you."
/ˌhaʊˈevər aɪ æm bɪˈhoʊldən tuː juː/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

airs noun US /erz/

affected manners intended to impress others

From this reading “"Yea, and that long before you were, Master Will," said Richard, always a little entertained by the young gentleman's airs of patronage.”

beholden adjective US /bɪˈhoʊldən/

under a moral obligation to someone

From this reading “"However, I am beholden to you."”

Cavendish noun US /ˈkævəndɪʃ/

British chemist and physicist who established that water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen and who calculated the density of the earth (1731-1810)

From this reading “"Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.”

conversant adjective US /kənˈvɜːrsənt/

(usually followed by “with”) well informed about or knowing thoroughly

From this reading “"He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."”

discreet adjective US /dɪˈskriːt/

marked by prudence or modesty and wise self-restraint

From this reading “"He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."”

gentleman's noun US /ˈdʒentəlmʌnz/

possessive form of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading “"Yea, and that long before you were, Master Will," said Richard, always a little entertained by the young gentleman's airs of patronage.”

loath adjective US /loʊθ/

unwillingness to do something contrary to your custom

From this reading “"He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."”

patronage noun US /ˈpætrənɪdʒ/

the act of providing approval and support

From this reading “"Yea, and that long before you were, Master Will," said Richard, always a little entertained by the young gentleman's airs of patronage.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

admitverbUS /ədˈmɪt/

declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

airsnounUS /erz/

affected manners intended to impress others

From this reading "Yea, and that long before you were, Master Will," said Richard, always a little entertained by the young gentleman's airs of patronage.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading "Yea, and that long before you were, Master Will," said Richard, always a little entertained by the young gentleman's airs of patronage.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading "However, I am beholden to you."

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

Babington

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading "Yea, and that long before you were, Master Will," said Richard, always a little entertained by the young gentleman's airs of patronage.

beholdenadjectiveUS /bɪˈhoʊldən/

under a moral obligation to someone

From this reading "However, I am beholden to you."

biddingnounUS /ˈbɪdɪŋ/

an authoritative direction or instruction to do something

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading "Yea, and that long before you were, Master Will," said Richard, always a little entertained by the young gentleman's airs of patronage.

CavendishnounUS /ˈkævəndɪʃ/

British chemist and physicist who established that water is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen and who calculated the density of the earth (1731-1810)

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

conversantadjectiveUS /kənˈvɜːrsənt/

(usually followed by “with”) well informed about or knowing thoroughly

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

discreetadjectiveUS /dɪˈskriːt/

marked by prudence or modesty and wise self-restraint

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

entertainedadjectiveUS /ˌentərˈteɪnd/

pleasantly occupied

From this reading "Yea, and that long before you were, Master Will," said Richard, always a little entertained by the young gentleman's airs of patronage.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

gentleman'snounUS /ˈdʒentəlmʌnz/

possessive form of “gentleman” — a man of refinement

From this reading "Yea, and that long before you were, Master Will," said Richard, always a little entertained by the young gentleman's airs of patronage.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

hathauxiliary verbUS /hæθ/

an old form of “has”

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

HereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

HoweveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading "However, I am beholden to you."

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "However, I am beholden to you."

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading IN THE TOWER.

interestnounUS /ˈɪntrəst/

a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

letternounUS /ˈletər/

a written message addressed to a person or organization

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

LieutenantnounUS /luːˈtenənt/

a commissioned military officer

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading "Yea, and that long before you were, Master Will," said Richard, always a little entertained by the young gentleman's airs of patronage.

loathadjectiveUS /loʊθ/

unwillingness to do something contrary to your custom

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading "Yea, and that long before you were, Master Will," said Richard, always a little entertained by the young gentleman's airs of patronage.

LordnounUS /lɔːrd/

terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

MasternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

mattersnounUS /ˈmætərz/

plural of “matter” — a vaguely specified concern

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

oathnounUS /oʊθ/

profane or obscene expression usually of surprise or anger

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

patronagenounUS /ˈpætrənɪdʒ/

the act of providing approval and support

From this reading "Yea, and that long before you were, Master Will," said Richard, always a little entertained by the young gentleman's airs of patronage.

prudentadjectiveUS /ˈpruːdənt/

careful and sensible; marked by sound judgment

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

Richard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

SecretarynounUS /ˈsekrəteri/

a person who is head of an administrative department of government

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

Shrewsbury's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

speechnounUS /spiːtʃ/

the act of delivering a formal spoken communication to an audience

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading IN THE TOWER.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

TOWERnounUS /ˈtaʊər/

a structure taller than its diameter; can stand alone or be attached to a larger building

From this reading IN THE TOWER.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading "Yea, and that long before you were, Master Will," said Richard, always a little entertained by the young gentleman's airs of patronage.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

Willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

YeaexclamationUS /jeɪ/

an old word for “yes”

From this reading "Yea, and that long before you were, Master Will," said Richard, always a little entertained by the young gentleman's airs of patronage.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading "He was loath to give it, and nothing but my Lord Shrewsbury's interest would have done it, on my oath that you are a prudent and discreet man, who hath been conversant in these matters for many years."

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "Here is a letter from Mr. Secretary to the Lieutenant of the Tower, Master Richard, bidding him admit you to speech of Babington," said Will Cavendish.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading "Yea, and that long before you were, Master Will," said Richard, always a little entertained by the young gentleman's airs of patronage.

Chapter 29 of Unknown to History by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge holds 171 sentences, grouped into 35 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 29 of Unknown to History contain?

Chapter 29 holds 171 sentences of Unknown to History, unabridged, divided into 35 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 29 of Unknown to History by Charlotte M. (Charlotte Mary) Yonge exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 171 sentences, grouped into 35 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 29 of Unknown to History?

Work through the 35 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 35 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 29 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Vocabulary met early in Unknown to History

Words and structures a reader meets early in Unknown to History, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Little
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unknown to History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spring
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unknown to History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Mistress
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unknown to History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Talbot
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Unknown to History; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.