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"Unto Caesar"
"Unto Caesar"

Chapter XVI

Cover illustration for "Unto Caesar"
Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth."--ECCLESIASTES III.
21.
Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.
His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.
Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

"Unto Caesar"

Chapter XVI

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth."--ECCLESIASTES III.
Line 2
21.
Line 3
Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.
Line 4
His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.
Line 5
Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Around preposition US /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading “Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.”

Been auxiliary verb US /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading “His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.”

Behind preposition US /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading “Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.”

Everyone pronoun US /ˈevriwʌn/

every person

From this reading “Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.”

Have auxiliary verb US /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading “His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.”

Looked noun US /looked/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.”

May modal verb US /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading “His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.”

Once noun US /once/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.”

Remained noun US /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.”

Standing noun US /ˈstanding/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.”

Those determiner US /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading “Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.”

Time noun US /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.”

Without preposition US /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading “His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.”

All words in this reading · 69

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

21

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 21.

acclaim

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.

all

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading "Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth."--ECCLESIASTES III.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.

beast

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth."--ECCLESIASTES III.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.

best

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.

bloodshot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.

Caius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.

Caligula

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.

certainly

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.

Cæsar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.

doubt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.

downward

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth."--ECCLESIASTES III.

due

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.

earth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth."--ECCLESIASTES III.

ECCLESIASTES

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth."--ECCLESIASTES III.

everyonepronounUS /ˈevriwʌn/

every person

From this reading Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.

excellent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.

eyes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.

face

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.

frowned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.

goeth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth."--ECCLESIASTES III.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.

III

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth."--ECCLESIASTES III.

ill-health

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.

Julius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.

knelt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.

knoweth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth."--ECCLESIASTES III.

lookednounUS /looked/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.

looking

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.

man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth."--ECCLESIASTES III.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.

nodding

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth."--ECCLESIASTES III.

once

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.

Only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.

praefect

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.

remainednounUS /ˈremained/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.

Rome

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.

sallow

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.

saw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.

smiling

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.

spirit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth."--ECCLESIASTES III.

spirits

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.

standingnounUS /ˈstanding/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.

temper

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading "Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth."--ECCLESIASTES III.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading "Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth."--ECCLESIASTES III.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.

timenounUS /time/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth."--ECCLESIASTES III.

upward

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth."--ECCLESIASTES III.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Caius Julius Cæsar Caligula was in excellent spirits, smiling and nodding to those around him and to his people all the time.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Only once had he frowned, when, looking behind him, he saw that the praefect of Rome had remained standing when everyone knelt to acclaim the Cæsar.

WhopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading "Who knoweth the spirit of man that goeth upward, and the spirit of the beast that goeth downward to the earth."--ECCLESIASTES III.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading His face certainly looked sallow and his eyes were bloodshot, but this may have been due to ill-health, for without doubt his temper was of the best.