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Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed
Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed is here in full — 43 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
HOW HE BECAME A MERCHANT--AND THE RESULT.
"----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.
His mother's project of making him a clergyman had been previously rejected, as stated in a former chapter.
The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.
But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed is here in full — 43 sentences across 9 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
HOW HE BECAME A MERCHANT--AND THE RESULT.
Line 2
"----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.
Line 3
His mother's project of making him a clergyman had been previously rejected, as stated in a former chapter.
/hɪz ˈmʌðərz ˈprɑːdʒekt ʌv ˈmeɪkɪŋ hɪm ə ˈklɜːrdʒimən hæd bɪn ˈpriːviəsli rɪˈdʒektɪd æz ˈsteɪtɪd ɪn ə ˈfɔːrmər ˈtʃæptər/
Line 4
The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.
Line 5
But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

chary adjective US /ˈtʃɑːri/

characterized by great caution and wariness

From this reading “But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.”

devotional adjective US /dɪˈvoʊʃənəl/

relating to worship

From this reading “The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.”

Episcopal adjective US /ɪˈpɪskəpəl/

of or pertaining to or characteristic of the Episcopal church

From this reading “But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.”

libraries noun US /ˈlaɪbreriːz/

plural of “library” — a room where books are kept

From this reading “But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.”

mart noun US /mɑːrt/

an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up

From this reading “"----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.”

merchant's noun US /ˈmɜːrtʃənts/

possessive form of “merchant” — a businessperson engaged in retail trade

From this reading “"----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.”

skeletons noun US /ˈskelətənz/

plural of “skeleton” — something reduced to its minimal form

From this reading “But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.”

tolerated verb US /ˈtɑːləreɪtɪd/

past form of “tolerate” — put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading “But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.”

All words in this reading · 138

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading HOW HE BECAME A MERCHANT--AND THE RESULT.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading HOW HE BECAME A MERCHANT--AND THE RESULT.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading His mother's project of making him a clergyman had been previously rejected, as stated in a former chapter.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

BECAMEverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading HOW HE BECAME A MERCHANT--AND THE RESULT.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading His mother's project of making him a clergyman had been previously rejected, as stated in a former chapter.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

castverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading His mother's project of making him a clergyman had been previously rejected, as stated in a former chapter.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

charyadjectiveUS /ˈtʃɑːri/

characterized by great caution and wariness

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

choicenounUS /tʃɔɪs/

the person or thing chosen or selected

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

clergynounUS /ˈklɜːrdʒi/

in Christianity, clergymen collectively (as distinguished from the laity)

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

clergymannounUS /ˈklɜːrdʒimən/

a member of the clergy and a spiritual leader of the Christian Church

From this reading His mother's project of making him a clergyman had been previously rejected, as stated in a former chapter.

compelledverbUS /kəmˈpeld/

inflected form of “compel” — force somebody to do something

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

considerationnounUS /kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən/

the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

copynounUS /ˈkɑːpi/

a reproduction of a written record (e.g. of a legal or school record)

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

cruellyadverbUS /ˈkruːli/

excessively

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

cuttingnounUS /ˈkʌtɪŋ/

the activity of selecting the scenes to be shown and putting them together to create a film

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

decisionnounUS /dɪˈsɪʒən/

the act of making up your mind about something

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

desperateadjectiveUS /ˈdesprɪt/

arising from or marked by despair or loss of hope

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

devotionaladjectiveUS /dɪˈvoʊʃənəl/

relating to worship

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

DoctornounUS /ˈdɑːktər/

a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

dogsnounUS /dɑːɡz/

plural of “dog” — a member of the genus Canis (probably descended from the common wolf) that has been domesticated by man since prehistoric times; occurs in many breeds

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

easyadjectiveUS /ˈiːzi/

posing no difficulty; requiring little effort

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

ecclesiastics

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

EpiscopaladjectiveUS /ɪˈpɪskəpəl/

of or pertaining to or characteristic of the Episcopal church

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

essaysnounUS /eˈseɪz/

plural of “essay” — an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

establishmentnounUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/

the act of forming or establishing something

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

exceedinglyadverbUS /ɪkˈsiːdɪŋli/

to an extreme degree

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

existencenounUS /eɡˈzɪstəns/

the state or fact of existing

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

feelingsnounUS /ˈfiːlɪŋz/

emotional or moral sensitivity (especially in relation to personal principles or dignity)

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

formeradjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmər/

referring to the first of two things or persons mentioned (or the earlier one or ones of several)

From this reading His mother's project of making him a clergyman had been previously rejected, as stated in a former chapter.

FortunenounUS /ˈfɔːrtʃən/

an unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an event to result one way rather than another

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

habitnounUS /ˈhæbət/

an established custom

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His mother's project of making him a clergyman had been previously rejected, as stated in a former chapter.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

Hannah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

hathauxiliary verbUS /hæθ/

an old form of “has”

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

Havingauxiliary verbUS /ˈhævɪŋ/

the -ing form of “have”

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

HEpronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading HOW HE BECAME A MERCHANT--AND THE RESULT.

helpsnounUS /helps/

plural of “help” — the activity of contributing to the fulfillment of a need or furtherance of an effort or purpose

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His mother's project of making him a clergyman had been previously rejected, as stated in a former chapter.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His mother's project of making him a clergyman had been previously rejected, as stated in a former chapter.

HOW

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HOW HE BECAME A MERCHANT--AND THE RESULT.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

Idem

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

importantadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtənt/

of great significance or value

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading His mother's project of making him a clergyman had been previously rejected, as stated in a former chapter.

JohnsonnounUS /ˈdʒɑːnsən/

English writer and lexicographer (1709-1784)

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

librariesnounUS /ˈlaɪbreriːz/

plural of “library” — a room where books are kept

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

lotnounUS /lɑːt/

(often followed by “of”) a large number or amount or extent

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

madlyadverbUS /ˈmædli/

in an uncontrolled manner

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading His mother's project of making him a clergyman had been previously rejected, as stated in a former chapter.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

martnounUS /mɑːrt/

an area in a town where a public mercantile establishment is set up

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

MERCHANTnounUS /ˈmɜːr.tʃənt/

A person or company involved in wholesale trade, especially with foreign countries.

From this reading HOW HE BECAME A MERCHANT--AND THE RESULT.

merchant'snounUS /ˈmɜːrtʃənts/

possessive form of “merchant” — a businessperson engaged in retail trade

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

methodsnounUS /ˈmeθədz/

plural of “method” — a way of doing something, especially a systematic way; implies an orderly logical arrangement (usually in steps)

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

minoradjectiveUS /ˈmaɪnər/

of lesser importance or stature or rank

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

mother'snounUS /ˈmʌðərz/

possessive form of “mother” — a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading His mother's project of making him a clergyman had been previously rejected, as stated in a former chapter.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

occupationnounUS /ˌɑːkjəˈpeɪʃən/

the principal activity in your life that you do to earn money

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

patternsnounUS /ˈpætərnz/

plural of “pattern” — a perceptual structure

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

physicnoun

a purging medicine; stimulates evacuation of the bowels

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

preparationnounUS /ˌprepərˈeɪʃən/

the activity of putting or setting in order in advance of some act or purpose

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

previouslyadverbUS /ˈpriːviəsli/

at an earlier time or formerly

From this reading His mother's project of making him a clergyman had been previously rejected, as stated in a former chapter.

printedverbUS /ˈprɪntɪd/

past form of “print” — put into print

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

professionaladjectiveUS /prəˈfeʃənəl/

engaged in a profession or engaging in as a profession or means of livelihood

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

projectverbUS /ˈprɑːdʒekt/

communicate vividly

From this reading His mother's project of making him a clergyman had been previously rejected, as stated in a former chapter.

pulpitnounUS /ˈpʊlpɪt/

a platform raised above the surrounding level to give prominence to the person on it

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

purchasenounUS /ˈpɜːrtʃəs/

the acquisition of something for payment

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

pursuitnounUS /pərˈsuːt/

the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

rejectedadjectiveUS /rɪˈdʒektɪd/

rebuffed (by a lover) without warning

From this reading His mother's project of making him a clergyman had been previously rejected, as stated in a former chapter.

respectnounUS /rɪˈspekt/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

RESULTnounUS /rɪˈzʌlt/

a phenomenon that follows and is caused by some previous phenomenon

From this reading HOW HE BECAME A MERCHANT--AND THE RESULT.

scratchedverbUS /skrætʃt/

past form of “scratch” — cause friction

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

sermonsnounUS /ˈsɜːrmənz/

plural of “sermon” — an address of a religious nature (usually delivered during a church service)

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

Shakspeare

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

skeletonsnounUS /ˈskelətənz/

plural of “skeleton” — something reduced to its minimal form

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

statedadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtɪd/

declared as fact; explicitly stated

From this reading His mother's project of making him a clergyman had been previously rejected, as stated in a former chapter.

subjectnounUS /səbˈdʒekt/

the subject matter of a conversation or discussion

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

tastesnounUS /teɪsts/

plural of “taste” — the sensation that results when taste buds in the tongue and throat convey information about the chemical composition of a soluble stimulus

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading HOW HE BECAME A MERCHANT--AND THE RESULT.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

thrownadjectiveUS /θroʊn/

caused to fall to the ground

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

thusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

toleratedverbUS /ˈtɑːləreɪtɪd/

past form of “tolerate” — put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

unlessconjunctionUS /ənˈles/

except if; if not

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

usenounUS /juːs/

the act of using

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

venturenounUS /ˈventʃər/

any venturesome undertaking especially one with an uncertain outcome

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

venturingverbUS /ˈventʃərɪŋ/

-ing form of “venture” — proceed somewhere despite the risk of possible dangers

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading "----Now I play a merchant's part, And venture madly on a desperate mart."--_Shakspeare._ "A man whom Fortune hath cruelly scratched."--_Idem._ Having thus "thrown physic to the dogs," the next important subject of consideration was the choice of some new occupation or pursuit, not of a professional character.

writingsnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋz/

the third of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading The decision might have been otherwise had the lot of our hero been cast in England, where the minor clergy of the establishment purchase their sermons already written to their hands, if they are able, or copy them from the moral essays of Doctor Johnson, or the more devotional writings of Hannah More, according to their tastes and feelings, if they are not.

youngestadjectiveUS /ˈjʌŋɡəst/

superlative of “young” — (used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading But such easy methods of pulpit preparation are not tolerated in this country, unless in respect of the youngest ecclesiastics; and even they are compelled to be exceedingly chary in the use even of the printed skeletons to be found in most Episcopal libraries--not venturing to let their people know of the existence of such "helps," much less that they are in the habit of cutting out their sermons by such patterns.

Chapter 8 of Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed by William L. (William Leete) Stone holds 43 sentences, grouped into 9 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed contain?

Chapter 8 holds 43 sentences of Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed, unabridged, divided into 9 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed by William L. (William Leete) Stone exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 43 sentences, grouped into 9 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed?

Work through the 9 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 9 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed

Common questions about reading Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed by William L. (William Leete) Stone on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed?

Yes. All 1302 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #24024 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #24024, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed take to read?

About 108 minutes of reading across 261 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed section by section

How to work through Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed

Words and structures a reader meets early in Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Wheelwright
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hoping
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Bearer
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Agreeable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Ups and Downs in the Life of a Distressed; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.