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Val Sinestra
Val Sinestra

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Val Sinestra is here in full — 428 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.
He couldn’t understand the political rings; he let them fight it out without help from him.
Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.
Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”
“Medicine is a paying profession among Americans; they go about with boxes of pills in every pocket.”
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Val Sinestra

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of Val Sinestra is here in full — 428 sentences across 86 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.
/hɪz frendz hæd ædˈvaɪzd hɪm tuː teɪk aʊt hɪz ˈpeɪpərz hiː dɪd ənd peɪd hɪz ˈtæksəz ˈɑːnəstli bʌt ˈnevər ˈvoʊtɪd/
Line 2
He couldn’t understand the political rings; he let them fight it out without help from him.
Line 3
Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.
/bɔːrn ɪn ˈedənbəroʊ hiː ˈstʌdid ˈmedəsən æt ɪts ˈeksələnt səˈvɪr ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti went tuː ˈlʌndən tuː ˈpræktəs stɑːrvd ðer faɪv jɪrz ðen tɜːrnd hɪz bæk ɑːn æn ənˈɡreɪtfəl ˈkʌntri ðæt rəˈfjuːzd æn ˈeɪbəl ˈdɑːktər ə ˈlɪvɪŋ/
Line 4
Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”
Line 5
“Medicine is a paying profession among Americans; they go about with boxes of pills in every pocket.”
/ˈmedəsən ɪz ə ˈpeɪɪŋ prəˈfeʃən əˈmʌŋ əˈmerəkənz ðeɪ ɡoʊ əˈbaʊt wɪð ˈbɑːksəz ʌv pɪlz ɪn ˈevəri ˈpɑːkət/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Edinburgh noun US /ˈedənbəroʊ/

the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth

From this reading “Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.”

grab verb US /ɡræb/

take hold of so as to seize or restrain or stop the motion of

From this reading “Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.””

honestly adverb US /ˈɑːnəstli/

(used as intensives reflecting the speaker's attitude) it is sincerely the case that

From this reading “His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.”

pills noun US /pɪlz/

plural of “pill” — something that resembles a tablet of medicine in shape or size

From this reading ““Medicine is a paying profession among Americans; they go about with boxes of pills in every pocket.””

starved adjective US /stɑːrvd/

suffering from lack of food

From this reading “Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.”

taxes noun US /ˈtæksəz/

plural of “tax” — charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government

From this reading “His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.”

ungrateful adjective US /ənˈɡreɪtfəl/

not feeling or showing gratitude

From this reading “Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.”

voted verb US /ˈvoʊtɪd/

past form of “vote” — express one's preference for a candidate or for a measure or resolution; cast a vote

From this reading “His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

studied medicine adjective + noun

In this reading “Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.”

five years noun + noun

In this reading “Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.”

then turned adverb + adjective

In this reading “Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading “Medicine is a paying profession among Americans; they go about with boxes of pills in every pocket.”

advisedadjectiveUS /ædˈvaɪzd/

having the benefit of careful prior consideration or counsel

From this reading His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.

AmericanounUS /əˈmerəkə/

North American republic containing 50 states - 48 conterminous states in North America plus Alaska in northwest North America and the Hawaiian Islands in the Pacific Ocean; achieved independence in 1776

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

AmericansnounUS /əˈmerəkənz/

plural of “american” — a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading “Medicine is a paying profession among Americans; they go about with boxes of pills in every pocket.”

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading “Medicine is a paying profession among Americans; they go about with boxes of pills in every pocket.”

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

bagnounUS /bæɡ/

a flexible container with a single opening

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

BornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

boxesnounUS /ˈbɑːksəz/

plural of “box” — a (usually rectangular) container; may have a lid

From this reading “Medicine is a paying profession among Americans; they go about with boxes of pills in every pocket.”

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.

ComingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

couldn't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He couldn’t understand the political rings; he let them fight it out without help from him.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.

doctornounUS /ˈdɑːktər/

a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

EdinburghnounUS /ˈedənbəroʊ/

the capital of Scotland; located in the Lothian Region on the south side of the Firth of Forth

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading “Medicine is a paying profession among Americans; they go about with boxes of pills in every pocket.”

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

excellentadjectiveUS /ˈeksələnt/

very good; of the highest quality

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

fellowsnounUS /ˈfeloʊz/

plural of “fellow” — a boy or man

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

fightverbUS /faɪt/

be engaged in a fight; carry on a fight

From this reading He couldn’t understand the political rings; he let them fight it out without help from him.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

friendsnounUS /frendz/

plural of “friend” — a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He couldn’t understand the political rings; he let them fight it out without help from him.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading “Medicine is a paying profession among Americans; they go about with boxes of pills in every pocket.”

grabverbUS /ɡræb/

take hold of so as to seize or restrain or stop the motion of

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.

heartsnounUS /hɑːrts/

a form of whist in which players avoid winning tricks containing hearts or the queen of spades

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading He couldn’t understand the political rings; he let them fight it out without help from him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.

honestlyadverbUS /ˈɑːnəstli/

(used as intensives reflecting the speaker's attitude) it is sincerely the case that

From this reading His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading He couldn’t understand the political rings; he let them fight it out without help from him.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading He couldn’t understand the political rings; he let them fight it out without help from him.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

likedadjectiveUS /laɪkt/

found pleasant or attractive; often used as a combining form

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

medicinenounUS /ˈmedəsən/

the branches of medical science that deal with nonsurgical techniques

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

nativesnounUS /ˈneɪtɪvz/

plural of “native” — an indigenous person who was born in a particular place

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.

niceadjectiveUS /naɪs/

pleasant or pleasing or agreeable in nature or appearance

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “Medicine is a paying profession among Americans; they go about with boxes of pills in every pocket.”

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

paidadjectiveUS /peɪd/

marked by the reception of pay

From this reading His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.

papersnounUS /ˈpeɪpərz/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.

payingadjectiveUS /ˈpeɪɪŋ/

yielding a fair profit

From this reading “Medicine is a paying profession among Americans; they go about with boxes of pills in every pocket.”

pillsnounUS /pɪlz/

plural of “pill” — something that resembles a tablet of medicine in shape or size

From this reading “Medicine is a paying profession among Americans; they go about with boxes of pills in every pocket.”

pocketnounUS /ˈpɑːkət/

a small pouch inside a garment for carrying small articles

From this reading “Medicine is a paying profession among Americans; they go about with boxes of pills in every pocket.”

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading He couldn’t understand the political rings; he let them fight it out without help from him.

practicenounUS /ˈpræktəs/

a customary way of operation or behavior

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

professionnounUS /prəˈfeʃən/

the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading “Medicine is a paying profession among Americans; they go about with boxes of pills in every pocket.”

refusedverbUS /rəˈfjuːzd/

past form of “refuse” — show unwillingness towards

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

ringsnounUS /rɪŋz/

gymnastic apparatus consisting of a pair of heavy metal circles (usually covered with leather) suspended by ropes; used for gymnastic exercises

From this reading He couldn’t understand the political rings; he let them fight it out without help from him.

severeadjectiveUS /səˈvɪr/

intensely or extremely bad or unpleasant in degree or quality

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

starvedadjectiveUS /stɑːrvd/

suffering from lack of food

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

studiedadjectiveUS /ˈstʌdid/

produced or marked by conscious design or premeditation

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.

taxesnounUS /ˈtæksəz/

plural of “tax” — charge against a citizen's person or property or activity for the support of government

From this reading His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He couldn’t understand the political rings; he let them fight it out without help from him.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading He couldn’t understand the political rings; he let them fight it out without help from him.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.

turnedadjectiveUS /tɜːrnd/

moved around an axis or center

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

understandverbUS /ˌʌndərˈstænd/

know and comprehend the nature or meaning of

From this reading He couldn’t understand the political rings; he let them fight it out without help from him.

ungratefuladjectiveUS /ənˈɡreɪtfəl/

not feeling or showing gratitude

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

universitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

votedverbUS /ˈvoʊtɪd/

past form of “vote” — express one's preference for a candidate or for a measure or resolution; cast a vote

From this reading His friends had advised him to “take out his papers”; he did, and paid his taxes honestly, but never voted.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading He couldn’t understand the political rings; he let them fight it out without help from him.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Born in Edinburgh, he studied medicine at its excellent severe university, went to London to practice, starved there five years, then turned his back on an “ungrateful country” that refused an able doctor a living.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

yourspronounUS /jʊrz/

the one or ones belonging to the person spoken to

From this reading Coming over to America, he made friends with some “natives,” and liked them--nice simple fellows, “they open their hearts to you, like a grab bag at a fair; everything in it is yours.”

Chapter 4 of Val Sinestra by Martha Morton holds 428 sentences, grouped into 86 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of Val Sinestra contain?

Chapter 4 holds 428 sentences of Val Sinestra, unabridged, divided into 86 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of Val Sinestra by Martha Morton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 428 sentences, grouped into 86 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of Val Sinestra?

Work through the 86 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 86 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Val Sinestra

Common questions about reading Val Sinestra by Martha Morton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Val Sinestra?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Val Sinestra is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Val Sinestra take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Val Sinestra section by section

How to work through Val Sinestra section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 0 chapters of Val Sinestra to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Val Sinestra

Words and structures a reader meets early in Val Sinestra, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
One of the 0 chapters of Val Sinestra, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 2
One of the 0 chapters of Val Sinestra, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.
Chapter 3
One of the 0 chapters of Val Sinestra, divided into 5-sentence reading sections.