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Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs
Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs is here in full — 51 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs
Context Illustration Reading 1/10 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
IN CÆSAR'S PALACE.
Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.
This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.
Marble courts and columned porticos stretched on in almost endless vistas, covering many acres of ground.
Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs is here in full — 51 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/10 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
IN CÆSAR'S PALACE.
Line 2
Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.
Line 3
This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.
Line 4
Marble courts and columned porticos stretched on in almost endless vistas, covering many acres of ground.
Line 5
Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aqueduct noun US /ˈækwədʌkt/

a conduit that resembles a bridge but carries water over a valley

From this reading “Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.”

centurion noun US /senˈtʊriən/

(ancient Rome) the leader of 100 soldiers

From this reading “Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.”

columned adjective US /ˈkɑːləmd/

having or resembling columns; having columns of a specified kind (often used as a combining form)

From this reading “Marble courts and columned porticos stretched on in almost endless vistas, covering many acres of ground.”

diffusing adjective US /dɪˈfjuːzɪŋ/

spreading by diffusion

From this reading “Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.”

fresco noun US /ˈfreskoʊ/

a mural done with watercolors on wet plaster

From this reading “This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.”

magnolia noun US /mæɡˈnoʊljə/

dried bark of various magnolias; used in folk medicine

From this reading “Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.”

Palatine noun US /ˈpælətaɪn/

any of various important officials in ancient Rome

From this reading “Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.”

Porta noun US /ˈpɔːrtə/

an aperture or hole that opens into a bodily cavity

From this reading “Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

Imperial Palace adjective + noun

In this reading “Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.”

banquet halls noun + noun counted as “banquet hall”

In this reading “This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.”

crowded streets adjective + noun counted as “crowded street”

In this reading “Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.”

many acres adjective + noun

In this reading “Marble courts and columned porticos stretched on in almost endless vistas, covering many acres of ground.”

trees growing noun + noun counted as “tree growing”

In this reading “Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.”

through the air preposition + article + noun counted as “through … air”

In this reading “Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.”

long line adjective + noun

In this reading “This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.”

almost endless adverb + adjective

In this reading “Marble courts and columned porticos stretched on in almost endless vistas, covering many acres of ground.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

aboveprepositionUS /əˈbʌv/

higher than, or over, something

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

acresnounUS /ˈeɪkərz/

extensive landed property (especially in the country) retained by the owner for his own use

From this reading Marble courts and columned porticos stretched on in almost endless vistas, covering many acres of ground.

activitynounUS /ækˈtɪvəti/

any specific behavior

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

airnounUS /er/

a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of

From this reading Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Marble courts and columned porticos stretched on in almost endless vistas, covering many acres of ground.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

apartmentsnounUS /əˈpɑːrtmənts/

plural of “apartment” — a suite of rooms usually on one floor of an apartment house

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

aqueductnounUS /ˈækwədʌkt/

a conduit that resembles a bridge but carries water over a valley

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

archnounUS /ɑːrtʃ/

a curved shape in the vertical plane that spans an opening

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

archwaynounUS /ˈɑːrtʃweɪ/

a passageway under a curved masonry construction

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

artistsnounUS /ˈɑːrtɪsts/

plural of “artist” — a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

banquetnounUS /ˈbæŋkwət/

a ceremonial dinner party for many people

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

beamsnounUS /biːmz/

plural of “beam” — a signal transmitted along a narrow path; guides airplane pilots in darkness or bad weather

From this reading Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.

beneathprepositionUS /bɪˈniːθ/

Directly under; in or to a lower position than.

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

blossomsnounUS /ˈblɑːsəmz/

plural of “blossom” — reproductive organ of angiosperm plants especially one having showy or colorful parts

From this reading Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.

Capena

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

Capuan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

centurionnounUS /senˈtʊriən/

(ancient Rome) the leader of 100 soldiers

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

chambersnounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbərz/

English architect (1723-1796)

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

columnedadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːləmd/

having or resembling columns; having columns of a specified kind (often used as a combining form)

From this reading Marble courts and columned porticos stretched on in almost endless vistas, covering many acres of ground.

coolnessnounUS /ˈkuːlnəs/

calm and unruffled self-assurance

From this reading Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.

corridorsnounUS /ˈkɔːrɪdərz/

plural of “corridor” — an enclosed passageway; rooms usually open onto it

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

courtsnounUS /kɔːrts/

plural of “court” — an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Marble courts and columned porticos stretched on in almost endless vistas, covering many acres of ground.

coveringnounUS /ˈkʌvərɪŋ/

a natural object that covers or envelops

From this reading Marble courts and columned porticos stretched on in almost endless vistas, covering many acres of ground.

crowdedadjectiveUS /ˈkraʊdəd/

overfilled or compacted or concentrated

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

crumblingverbUS /ˈkrʌmbəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “crumble” — fall apart

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

CÆSAR'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IN CÆSAR'S PALACE.

desolationnounUS /ˌdesəˈleɪʃən/

the state of being decayed or destroyed

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

diffusingadjectiveUS /dɪˈfjuːzɪŋ/

spreading by diffusion

From this reading Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.

drippingnounUS /ˈdrɪpɪŋ/

a liquid (as water) that flows in drops (as from the eaves of house)

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

eminencenounUS /ˈemənəns/

high status importance owing to marked superiority

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

emperorsnounUS /ˈempərərz/

plural of “emperor” — the male ruler of an empire

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

endlessadjectiveUS /ˈendləs/

tiresomely long; seemingly without end

From this reading Marble courts and columned porticos stretched on in almost endless vistas, covering many acres of ground.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

exploreverbUS /ɪkˈsplɔːr/

inquire into

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

fadingnounUS /ˈfeɪdɪŋ/

weakening in force or intensity

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

fashionableadjectiveUS /ˈfæʃənəbəl/

being or in accordance with current social fashions

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

FlashingnounUS /ˈflæʃɪŋ/

a short vivid experience

From this reading Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.

fountainsnounUS /ˈfaʊntənz/

plural of “fountain” — a structure from which an artificially produced jet of water arises

From this reading Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.

fragrantadjectiveUS /ˈfreɪɡrənt/

pleasant-smelling

From this reading Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.

fresconounUS /ˈfreskoʊ/

a mural done with watercolors on wet plaster

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

galleriesnounUS /ˈɡæləriz/

plural of “gallery” — spectators at a golf or tennis match

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

GatenounUS /ɡeɪt/

a movable barrier in a fence or wall

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

grimadjectiveUS /ɡrɪm/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading Marble courts and columned porticos stretched on in almost endless vistas, covering many acres of ground.

growingnounUS /ˈɡroʊɪŋ/

(biology) the process of an individual organism growing organically; a purely biological unfolding of events involved in an organism changing gradually from a simple to a more complex level

From this reading Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.

hallsnounUS /hɔːlz/

plural of “hall” — an interior passage or corridor onto which rooms open

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

HillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

hoaryadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːri/

showing characteristics of age, especially having grey or white hair

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

honey-combed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

ImperialadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpɪriəl/

relating to or associated with an empire

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading IN CÆSAR'S PALACE.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

leapingnounUS /ˈliːpɪŋ/

a light, self-propelled movement upwards or forwards

From this reading Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

LordsnounUS /lɔːrdz/

plural of “lord” — terms referring to the Judeo-Christian God

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

magnolianounUS /mæɡˈnoʊljə/

dried bark of various magnolias; used in folk medicine

From this reading Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading Marble courts and columned porticos stretched on in almost endless vistas, covering many acres of ground.

MarblenounUS /ˈmɑːrbəl/

a hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish; used for sculpture and as building material

From this reading Marble courts and columned porticos stretched on in almost endless vistas, covering many acres of ground.

massnounUS /mæs/

the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

mouldering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

moundsnounUS /maʊndz/

plural of “mound” — (baseball) the slight elevation on which the pitcher stands

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

noondaynoun

the middle of the day

From this reading Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

orangenounUS /ˈɔːrəndʒ/

round yellow to orange fruit of any of several citrus trees

From this reading Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.

PALACEnounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading IN CÆSAR'S PALACE.

PalatinenounUS /ˈpælətaɪn/

any of various important officials in ancient Rome

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

PassingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

peernounUS /pɪr/

a person who is of equal standing with another in a group

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

pompnounUS /pɑːmp/

cheap or pretentious or vain display

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

PortanounUS /ˈpɔːrtə/

an aperture or hole that opens into a bodily cavity

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

porticos

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Marble courts and columned porticos stretched on in almost endless vistas, covering many acres of ground.

rapidlyadverbUS /ˈræpədli/

with speed

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

ruinsnounUS /ˈruːənz/

plural of “ruin” — an irrecoverable state of devastation and destruction

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

secretarynounUS /ˈsekrəteri/

a person who is head of an administrative department of government

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

sketchnounUS /sketʃ/

preliminary drawing for later elaboration

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

sparkledverbUS /ˈspɑːrkəld/

past form of “sparkle” — reflect brightly

From this reading Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.

splendournoun

a quality that outshines the usual

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

statelyadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtli/

impressive in appearance

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

streetsnounUS /striːts/

plural of “street” — a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

stretchedadjectiveUS /stretʃt/

(of muscles) relieved of stiffness by stretching

From this reading Marble courts and columned porticos stretched on in almost endless vistas, covering many acres of ground.

subterraneanadjectiveUS /ˌsʌb.təˈreɪ.ni.ən/

Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

suburbnounUS /ˈsʌbərb/

a residential district located on the outskirts of a city

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

sunward

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

touristsnounUS /ˈtʊrəsts/

plural of “tourist” — someone who travels for pleasure

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

traversedverbUS /ˈtrævərst/

past form of “traverse” — travel across or pass over

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

treesnounUS /triːz/

plural of “tree” — a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading Flashing fountains leaping sunward sparkled in the beams of noonday, diffusing a coolness through the air, which was fragrant with blossoms of the orange and magnolia trees growing in the open courts.

vistasnounUS /ˈvɪstəz/

plural of “vista” — the visual percept of a region

From this reading Marble courts and columned porticos stretched on in almost endless vistas, covering many acres of ground.

wanderingadjectiveUS /ˈwɑːndərɪŋ/

migratory

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Passing beneath the even then grim and hoary archway of the Porta Capena, or Capuan Gate, with the dripping aqueduct above it, the centurion and his secretary traversed rapidly the crowded streets of a fashionable suburb--now mere mouldering mounds of desolation--to the Imperial Palace on the Palatine Hill.

WorldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading This eminence, which is now a mass of crumbling ruins, honey-combed with galleries and subterranean corridors through what was once the stately apartments of the Lords of the World, where wandering tourists peer and explore and artists sketch the falling arch or fading fresco of the banquet halls and chambers of a long line of emperors, was then the scene of life and activity, of pomp and splendour.

Chapter 2 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs by W. H. (William Henry) Withrow holds 51 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs contain?

Chapter 2 holds 51 sentences of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs by W. H. (William Henry) Withrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 51 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Common questions about reading Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs by W. H. (William Henry) Withrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs?

Yes. All 2196 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33484 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33484, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs take to read?

About 183 minutes of reading across 440 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs section by section

How to work through Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Words and structures a reader meets early in Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Martyr
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Catacombs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Early
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Christian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.