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Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs
Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs is here in full — 36 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs
Context Illustration Reading 1/7 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A WICKED PLOT.
We have already mentioned the fact that Fausta, the mother of the Emperor Galerius, was a fanatical pagan.
The especial object of her regard was the goddess Cybele, who was worshipped in Rome with rites of the most degrading superstition.
Fausta was intensely bitter in her hatred of the Christian name, and strenuously endeavoured to incite her son, the Emperor, to persecution.
She was especially virulent towards her daughter-in-law, the beautiful Valeria, and sought by every means to embitter the mind of Galerius against her.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Chapter X

Chapter 10 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs is here in full — 36 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/7 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A WICKED PLOT.
/ə ˈwɪkəd plɑːt/
Line 2
We have already mentioned the fact that Fausta, the mother of the Emperor Galerius, was a fanatical pagan.
Line 3
The especial object of her regard was the goddess Cybele, who was worshipped in Rome with rites of the most degrading superstition.
Line 4
Fausta was intensely bitter in her hatred of the Christian name, and strenuously endeavoured to incite her son, the Emperor, to persecution.
Line 5
She was especially virulent towards her daughter-in-law, the beautiful Valeria, and sought by every means to embitter the mind of Galerius against her.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

daughter-in-law noun US /ˈdɔːtərɪnlɔː/

the wife of your son

From this reading “She was especially virulent towards her daughter-in-law, the beautiful Valeria, and sought by every means to embitter the mind of Galerius against her.”

degrading adjective US /dɪˈɡreɪdɪŋ/

harmful to the mind or morals

From this reading “The especial object of her regard was the goddess Cybele, who was worshipped in Rome with rites of the most degrading superstition.”

embitter verb US /emˈbɪtər/

cause to be bitter or resentful

From this reading “She was especially virulent towards her daughter-in-law, the beautiful Valeria, and sought by every means to embitter the mind of Galerius against her.”

fanatical adjective US /fəˈnætɪkəl/

marked by excessive enthusiasm for and intense devotion to a cause or idea

From this reading “We have already mentioned the fact that Fausta, the mother of the Emperor Galerius, was a fanatical pagan.”

incite verb US /ˌɪnˈsaɪt/

give an incentive for action

From this reading “Fausta was intensely bitter in her hatred of the Christian name, and strenuously endeavoured to incite her son, the Emperor, to persecution.”

rites noun US /raɪts/

plural of “rite” — an established ceremony prescribed by a religion

From this reading “The especial object of her regard was the goddess Cybele, who was worshipped in Rome with rites of the most degrading superstition.”

strenuously adverb US /ˈstrenjuːəsli/

in a strenuous manner; strongly or vigorously

From this reading “Fausta was intensely bitter in her hatred of the Christian name, and strenuously endeavoured to incite her son, the Emperor, to persecution.”

virulent adjective US /ˈvɪrələnt/

extremely poisonous or injurious; producing venom

From this reading “She was especially virulent towards her daughter-in-law, the beautiful Valeria, and sought by every means to embitter the mind of Galerius against her.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

mentioned the fact verb + article + noun counted as “mention … fact”

In this reading “We have already mentioned the fact that Fausta, the mother of the Emperor Galerius, was a fanatical pagan.”

All words in this reading · 59

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A WICKED PLOT.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading She was especially virulent towards her daughter-in-law, the beautiful Valeria, and sought by every means to embitter the mind of Galerius against her.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading We have already mentioned the fact that Fausta, the mother of the Emperor Galerius, was a fanatical pagan.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Fausta was intensely bitter in her hatred of the Christian name, and strenuously endeavoured to incite her son, the Emperor, to persecution.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading She was especially virulent towards her daughter-in-law, the beautiful Valeria, and sought by every means to embitter the mind of Galerius against her.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading Fausta was intensely bitter in her hatred of the Christian name, and strenuously endeavoured to incite her son, the Emperor, to persecution.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading She was especially virulent towards her daughter-in-law, the beautiful Valeria, and sought by every means to embitter the mind of Galerius against her.

ChristianadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstʃən/

relating to or characteristic of Christianity

From this reading Fausta was intensely bitter in her hatred of the Christian name, and strenuously endeavoured to incite her son, the Emperor, to persecution.

Cybelenoun

great nature goddess of ancient Phrygia in Asia Minor; counterpart of Greek Rhea and Roman Ops

From this reading The especial object of her regard was the goddess Cybele, who was worshipped in Rome with rites of the most degrading superstition.

daughter-in-lawnounUS /ˈdɔːtərɪnlɔː/

the wife of your son

From this reading She was especially virulent towards her daughter-in-law, the beautiful Valeria, and sought by every means to embitter the mind of Galerius against her.

degradingadjectiveUS /dɪˈɡreɪdɪŋ/

harmful to the mind or morals

From this reading The especial object of her regard was the goddess Cybele, who was worshipped in Rome with rites of the most degrading superstition.

embitterverbUS /emˈbɪtər/

cause to be bitter or resentful

From this reading She was especially virulent towards her daughter-in-law, the beautiful Valeria, and sought by every means to embitter the mind of Galerius against her.

EmperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading We have already mentioned the fact that Fausta, the mother of the Emperor Galerius, was a fanatical pagan.

endeavoured

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Fausta was intensely bitter in her hatred of the Christian name, and strenuously endeavoured to incite her son, the Emperor, to persecution.

especialadjectiveUS /əˈspeʃəl/

surpassing what is common or usual or expected

From this reading The especial object of her regard was the goddess Cybele, who was worshipped in Rome with rites of the most degrading superstition.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading She was especially virulent towards her daughter-in-law, the beautiful Valeria, and sought by every means to embitter the mind of Galerius against her.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading She was especially virulent towards her daughter-in-law, the beautiful Valeria, and sought by every means to embitter the mind of Galerius against her.

factnounUS /fækt/

a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading We have already mentioned the fact that Fausta, the mother of the Emperor Galerius, was a fanatical pagan.

fanaticaladjectiveUS /fəˈnætɪkəl/

marked by excessive enthusiasm for and intense devotion to a cause or idea

From this reading We have already mentioned the fact that Fausta, the mother of the Emperor Galerius, was a fanatical pagan.

Fausta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have already mentioned the fact that Fausta, the mother of the Emperor Galerius, was a fanatical pagan.

Galerius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We have already mentioned the fact that Fausta, the mother of the Emperor Galerius, was a fanatical pagan.

goddessnounUS /ˈɡɑːdəs/

a female deity

From this reading The especial object of her regard was the goddess Cybele, who was worshipped in Rome with rites of the most degrading superstition.

hatrednounUS /ˈheɪtrəd/

the emotion of intense dislike; a feeling of dislike so strong that it demands action

From this reading Fausta was intensely bitter in her hatred of the Christian name, and strenuously endeavoured to incite her son, the Emperor, to persecution.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading We have already mentioned the fact that Fausta, the mother of the Emperor Galerius, was a fanatical pagan.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The especial object of her regard was the goddess Cybele, who was worshipped in Rome with rites of the most degrading superstition.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The especial object of her regard was the goddess Cybele, who was worshipped in Rome with rites of the most degrading superstition.

inciteverbUS /ˌɪnˈsaɪt/

give an incentive for action

From this reading Fausta was intensely bitter in her hatred of the Christian name, and strenuously endeavoured to incite her son, the Emperor, to persecution.

intenselyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈtensli/

to a high degree; extremely; in high concentration or density

From this reading Fausta was intensely bitter in her hatred of the Christian name, and strenuously endeavoured to incite her son, the Emperor, to persecution.

meansnounUS /miːnz/

thing or person that acts to produce a particular effect or achieve an end

From this reading She was especially virulent towards her daughter-in-law, the beautiful Valeria, and sought by every means to embitter the mind of Galerius against her.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading We have already mentioned the fact that Fausta, the mother of the Emperor Galerius, was a fanatical pagan.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading She was especially virulent towards her daughter-in-law, the beautiful Valeria, and sought by every means to embitter the mind of Galerius against her.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The especial object of her regard was the goddess Cybele, who was worshipped in Rome with rites of the most degrading superstition.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading We have already mentioned the fact that Fausta, the mother of the Emperor Galerius, was a fanatical pagan.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Fausta was intensely bitter in her hatred of the Christian name, and strenuously endeavoured to incite her son, the Emperor, to persecution.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading The especial object of her regard was the goddess Cybele, who was worshipped in Rome with rites of the most degrading superstition.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading We have already mentioned the fact that Fausta, the mother of the Emperor Galerius, was a fanatical pagan.

pagannounUS /ˈpeɪɡən/

a person who does not acknowledge your god

From this reading We have already mentioned the fact that Fausta, the mother of the Emperor Galerius, was a fanatical pagan.

persecutionnounUS /ˌpɜːrsəˈkjuːʃən/

the act of persecuting (especially on the basis of race or religion)

From this reading Fausta was intensely bitter in her hatred of the Christian name, and strenuously endeavoured to incite her son, the Emperor, to persecution.

PLOTnounUS /plɑːt/

a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)

From this reading A WICKED PLOT.

regardnounUS /rɪˈɡɑːrd/

(usually preceded by “in”) a detail or point

From this reading The especial object of her regard was the goddess Cybele, who was worshipped in Rome with rites of the most degrading superstition.

ritesnounUS /raɪts/

plural of “rite” — an established ceremony prescribed by a religion

From this reading The especial object of her regard was the goddess Cybele, who was worshipped in Rome with rites of the most degrading superstition.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading The especial object of her regard was the goddess Cybele, who was worshipped in Rome with rites of the most degrading superstition.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She was especially virulent towards her daughter-in-law, the beautiful Valeria, and sought by every means to embitter the mind of Galerius against her.

sonnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading Fausta was intensely bitter in her hatred of the Christian name, and strenuously endeavoured to incite her son, the Emperor, to persecution.

soughtadjectiveUS /sɔːt/

that is looked for

From this reading She was especially virulent towards her daughter-in-law, the beautiful Valeria, and sought by every means to embitter the mind of Galerius against her.

strenuouslyadverbUS /ˈstrenjuːəsli/

in a strenuous manner; strongly or vigorously

From this reading Fausta was intensely bitter in her hatred of the Christian name, and strenuously endeavoured to incite her son, the Emperor, to persecution.

superstitionnounUS /ˌsuːpərˈstɪʃən/

an irrational belief arising from ignorance or fear

From this reading The especial object of her regard was the goddess Cybele, who was worshipped in Rome with rites of the most degrading superstition.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading We have already mentioned the fact that Fausta, the mother of the Emperor Galerius, was a fanatical pagan.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading We have already mentioned the fact that Fausta, the mother of the Emperor Galerius, was a fanatical pagan.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Fausta was intensely bitter in her hatred of the Christian name, and strenuously endeavoured to incite her son, the Emperor, to persecution.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading She was especially virulent towards her daughter-in-law, the beautiful Valeria, and sought by every means to embitter the mind of Galerius against her.

Valeria

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading She was especially virulent towards her daughter-in-law, the beautiful Valeria, and sought by every means to embitter the mind of Galerius against her.

virulentadjectiveUS /ˈvɪrələnt/

extremely poisonous or injurious; producing venom

From this reading She was especially virulent towards her daughter-in-law, the beautiful Valeria, and sought by every means to embitter the mind of Galerius against her.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We have already mentioned the fact that Fausta, the mother of the Emperor Galerius, was a fanatical pagan.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We have already mentioned the fact that Fausta, the mother of the Emperor Galerius, was a fanatical pagan.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The especial object of her regard was the goddess Cybele, who was worshipped in Rome with rites of the most degrading superstition.

WICKEDadjectiveUS /ˈwɪkəd/

morally bad in principle or practice

From this reading A WICKED PLOT.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The especial object of her regard was the goddess Cybele, who was worshipped in Rome with rites of the most degrading superstition.

worshippedadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːrʃəpt/

regarded with deep or rapturous love (especially as if for a god)

From this reading The especial object of her regard was the goddess Cybele, who was worshipped in Rome with rites of the most degrading superstition.

Chapter 10 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs by W. H. (William Henry) Withrow holds 36 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs contain?

Chapter 10 holds 36 sentences of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs by W. H. (William Henry) Withrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 36 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Common questions about reading Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs by W. H. (William Henry) Withrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs?

Yes. All 2196 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33484 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33484, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 183 minutes of reading across 440 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Words and structures a reader meets early in Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Martyr
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Catacombs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Early
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Christian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.