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Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs
Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs is here in full — 64 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/12 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
"IN PERICULIS TUTUS."
With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.
It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.
On every side were evidences of the concentrated wealth and power of the august mistress of the world.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs is here in full — 64 sentences across 13 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/12 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
"IN PERICULIS TUTUS."
Line 2
With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.
/wɪð ðɪs ˈpɜːrpəs ðə jʌŋ ɡriːk əˈsuːmɪŋ hɪz moʊst ˈdekərəs ənd ˈsoʊbər əˈtaɪər prəˈsiːdɪd tuː wʌt wʊd naʊ biː kɔːld ðə ˈbjʊroʊ ʌv ðə ˈtʃænsələr ʌv ðə ˈekstʃekər/
Line 3
It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.
Line 4
It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.
/ɪt held əˈbaʊt ðə seɪm riˈleɪʃən tuː ðoʊz ðæt ðə ˈtreʒəri dɪˈpɑːrtmənt æt nuː jɔːrk dʌz tuː ðə ˈbæŋkərz ˈɔːfəsəz ənd ɡoʊld bɔːrd ɪn wɔːl striːt/
Line 5
On every side were evidences of the concentrated wealth and power of the august mistress of the world.
/ɑːn ˈevəri saɪd wɜːr ˈevədənsəz ʌv ðə ˈkɑːnsəntreɪtɪd welθ ənd ˈpaʊər ʌv ðə ˈɑːɡəst ˈmɪstrəs ʌv ðə wɜːrld/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bankers noun US /ˈbæŋkərz/

plural of “banker” — a financier who owns or is an executive in a bank

From this reading “It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.”

Chancellor noun US /ˈtʃænsələr/

the British cabinet minister responsible for finance

From this reading “With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.”

cloister verb US /ˈklɔɪstər/

surround with a cloister, as of a garden

From this reading “It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.”

decorous adjective US /ˈdekərəs/

characterized by propriety and dignity and good taste in manners and conduct

From this reading “With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.”

evidences noun US /ˈevədənsəz/

plural of “evidence” — your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading “On every side were evidences of the concentrated wealth and power of the august mistress of the world.”

Exchequer noun US /ˈekstʃekər/

the funds of a government or institution or individual

From this reading “With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.”

Forum noun US /ˈfɔːrəm/

a public meeting or assembly for open discussion

From this reading “It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.”

grouped adjective US /ɡruːpt/

arranged into groups

From this reading “It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

same relation adjective + noun

In this reading “It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

argentarii

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.

aroundprepositionUS /ərˈaʊnd/

surrounding, or on every side of, something

From this reading It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.

assumingadjectiveUS /əˈsuːmɪŋ/

excessively forward

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.

attirenounUS /əˈtaɪər/

clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

augustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading On every side were evidences of the concentrated wealth and power of the august mistress of the world.

bankersnounUS /ˈbæŋkərz/

plural of “banker” — a financier who owns or is an executive in a bank

From this reading It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

BoardnounUS /bɔːrd/

a committee having supervisory powers

From this reading It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.

bureaunounUS /ˈbjʊroʊ/

an administrative unit of government

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

ChancellornounUS /ˈtʃænsələr/

the British cabinet minister responsible for finance

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

cloisterverbUS /ˈklɔɪstər/

surround with a cloister, as of a garden

From this reading It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.

concentratedadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnsəntreɪtɪd/

gathered together or made less diffuse

From this reading On every side were evidences of the concentrated wealth and power of the august mistress of the world.

decorousadjectiveUS /ˈdekərəs/

characterized by propriety and dignity and good taste in manners and conduct

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

DepartmentnounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/

a specialized division of a large organization

From this reading It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.

doesauxiliary verbUS /dʌz/

the form of “do” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading On every side were evidences of the concentrated wealth and power of the august mistress of the world.

evidencesnounUS /ˈevədənsəz/

plural of “evidence” — your basis for belief or disbelief; knowledge on which to base belief

From this reading On every side were evidences of the concentrated wealth and power of the august mistress of the world.

ExchequernounUS /ˈekstʃekər/

the funds of a government or institution or individual

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

ForumnounUS /ˈfɔːrəm/

a public meeting or assembly for open discussion

From this reading It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.

GoldnounUS /ɡoʊld/

coins made of gold

From this reading It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.

GreeknounUS /ɡriːk/

the Hellenic branch of the Indo-European family of languages

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

groupedadjectiveUS /ɡruːpt/

arranged into groups

From this reading It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading "IN PERICULIS TUTUS."

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.

mensarii

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.

mistressnounUS /ˈmɪstrəs/

an adulterous woman; a woman who has an ongoing extramarital sexual relationship with a man

From this reading On every side were evidences of the concentrated wealth and power of the august mistress of the world.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

officesnounUS /ˈɔːfəsəz/

plural of “office” — place of business where professional or clerical duties are performed

From this reading It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On every side were evidences of the concentrated wealth and power of the august mistress of the world.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.

PERICULIS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "IN PERICULIS TUTUS."

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading On every side were evidences of the concentrated wealth and power of the august mistress of the world.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.

proceededverbUS /prəˈsiːdɪd/

past form of “proceed” — continue talking

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.

purposenounUS /ˈpɜːrpəs/

an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

relationnounUS /riˈleɪʃən/

an abstraction belonging to or characteristic of two entities or parts together

From this reading It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.

shopsnounUS /ʃɑːps/

plural of “shop” — a mercantile establishment for the retail sale of goods or services

From this reading It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading On every side were evidences of the concentrated wealth and power of the august mistress of the world.

situatedadjectiveUS /ˈsɪtʃuːeɪtɪd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.

soberadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊbər/

not affected by a chemical substance (especially alcohol)

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

StreetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

TreasurynounUS /ˈtreʒəri/

the funds of a government or institution or individual

From this reading It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.

TUTUS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "IN PERICULIS TUTUS."

WallnounUS /wɔːl/

an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.

wealthnounUS /welθ/

the state of being rich and affluent; having a plentiful supply of material goods and money

From this reading On every side were evidences of the concentrated wealth and power of the august mistress of the world.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It was situated near the Forum, in the cloister around which were grouped the shops of the _argentarii_ and _mensarii_, or private and public bankers of Rome.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading On every side were evidences of the concentrated wealth and power of the august mistress of the world.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading It held about the same relation to those that the Treasury Department at New York does to the bankers' offices and Gold Board in Wall Street.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading With this purpose the young Greek assuming his most decorous and sober attire, proceeded to what would now be called the bureau of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

Chapter 17 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs by W. H. (William Henry) Withrow holds 64 sentences, grouped into 13 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs contain?

Chapter 17 holds 64 sentences of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs, unabridged, divided into 13 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs by W. H. (William Henry) Withrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 64 sentences, grouped into 13 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs?

Work through the 13 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 13 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Common questions about reading Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs by W. H. (William Henry) Withrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

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Yes. All 2196 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33484 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #33484, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 183 minutes of reading across 440 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Words and structures a reader meets early in Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Martyr
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Catacombs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Early
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Christian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.