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Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs
Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs is here in full — 55 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs
Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE MIDNIGHT PLOT.
The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.
It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.
The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.
With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs is here in full — 55 sentences across 11 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE MIDNIGHT PLOT.
/ðə ˈmɪdnaɪt plɑːt/
Line 2
The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.
Line 3
It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.
Line 4
The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.
Line 5
With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

baleful adjective US /ˈbeɪlfəl/

deadly or sinister

From this reading “With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.”

bane noun US /beɪn/

something causing misery or death

From this reading “With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.”

briony noun US /ˈbraɪəniː/

a vine of the genus Bryonia having large leaves and small flowers and yielding acrid juice with emetic and purgative properties

From this reading “With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.”

coating noun US /ˈkoʊtɪŋ/

a thin layer covering something

From this reading “The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.”

conferring verb US /kənˈfɜːrɪŋ/

inflected form of “confer” — have a conference in order to talk something over

From this reading “The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.”

Palatine noun US /ˈpælətaɪn/

any of various important officials in ancient Rome

From this reading “The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.”

witching noun US /ˈwɪtʃɪŋ/

the use or practice of witchcraft

From this reading “With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.”

wolf's noun US /wʊlfs/

possessive form of “wolf” — any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs

From this reading “With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

set apart verb + particle

select something or someone for a specific purpose

In this reading “With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.”

conferring upon verb + particle counted as “confer upon”

In this reading “The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.”

most sumptuous adverb + adjective

In this reading “The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.”

palace walls noun + noun counted as “palace wall”

In this reading “The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.”

returned from verb + particle counted as “return from”

In this reading “With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.”

in progress preposition + noun

In this reading “It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.”

All words in this reading · 109

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

33

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

aconitenoun

any of various usually poisonous plants of the genus Aconitum having tuberous roots and palmately lobed leaves and blue or white flowers

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

apartadverbUS /əˈpɑːrt/

separated or at a distance in place or position or time

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

aula

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

balefuladjectiveUS /ˈbeɪlfəl/

deadly or sinister

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

banenounUS /beɪn/

something causing misery or death

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

bitteradjectiveUS /ˈbɪtər/

marked by strong resentment or cynicism

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

BlackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

brionynounUS /ˈbraɪəniː/

a vine of the genus Bryonia having large leaves and small flowers and yielding acrid juice with emetic and purgative properties

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

buildingsnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋz/

plural of “building” — a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

burnedadjectiveUS /bɜːrnd/

treated by heating to a high temperature but below the melting or fusing point

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

burningnounUS /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of burning something

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

chambersnounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbərz/

English architect (1723-1796)

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

ChristiansnounUS /ˈkrɪstʃənz/

plural of “christian” — a religious person who believes Jesus is the Christ and who is a member of a Christian denomination

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

claynounUS /kleɪ/

a very fine-grained soil that is plastic when moist but hard when fired

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

coatingnounUS /ˈkoʊtɪŋ/

a thin layer covering something

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

conferringverbUS /kənˈfɜːrɪŋ/

inflected form of “confer” — have a conference in order to talk something over

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

conspiracynounUS /kənˈspɪrəsi/

a secret agreement between two or more people to perform an unlawful act

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

crownedadjectiveUS /kraʊnd/

having an (artificial) crown on a tooth

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

Cybelenoun

great nature goddess of ancient Phrygia in Asia Minor; counterpart of Greek Rhea and Roman Ops

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

deadadjectiveUS /ded/

no longer having or seeming to have or expecting to have life

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

destructionnounUS /dɪˈstrʌkʃən/

the termination of something by causing so much damage to it that it cannot be repaired or no longer exists

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

dimlyadverbUS /ˈdɪmli/

in a dim indistinct manner

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

EmperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

Fausta

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

flaredverbUS /flerd/

past form of “flare” — burn brightly

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

Furca

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

Galerius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

gatheringnounUS /ˈɡæðərɪŋ/

a group of persons together in one place

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

groupnounUS /ɡruːp/

any number of entities (members) considered as a unit

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

high-priest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

HillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

incantations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

ironnounUS /ˈaɪərn/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

Juba

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

lampsnounUS /læmps/

plural of “lamp” — an artificial source of visible illumination

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

marblenounUS /ˈmɑːrbəl/

a hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish; used for sculpture and as building material

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

MIDNIGHTnounUS /ˈmɪdnaɪt/

12 o'clock at night; the middle of the night

From this reading THE MIDNIGHT PLOT.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

PalacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

PalatinenounUS /ˈpælətaɪn/

any of various important officials in ancient Rome

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

plantsnounUS /plænts/

plural of “plant” — buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

plasterverbUS /ˈplæstər/

apply a heavy coat to

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

PLOTnounUS /plɑːt/

a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)

From this reading THE MIDNIGHT PLOT.

privateadjectiveUS /ˈpraɪvət/

confined to particular persons or groups or providing privacy

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

progressnounUS /ˈprɑːɡres/

gradual improvement or growth or development

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

ranknounUS /ræŋk/

a row or line of people (especially soldiers or police) standing abreast of one another

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

returnedverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrnd/

past form of “return” — go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

smokedadjectiveUS /smoʊkt/

(used especially of meats and fish) dried and cured by hanging in wood smoke

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

socketsnounUS /ˈsɑːkəts/

plural of “socket” — a bony hollow into which a structure fits

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

spellsnounUS /spelz/

plural of “spell” — a psychological state induced by (or as if induced by) a magical incantation

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

sumptuousadjectiveUS /ˈsʌmptʃwəs/

ostentatiously rich and superior in quality

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE MIDNIGHT PLOT.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading It is the hour of midnight; and in one of the most private chambers of the palace a secret conspiracy is in progress, which has for its object the destruction of the Christians--especially of those high in rank and influence.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

torchesnounUS /ˈtɔːrtʃɪz/

plural of “torch” — a light usually carried in the hand; consists of some flammable substance

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

townounUS /toʊ/

the act of hauling something (as a vehicle) by means of a hitch or rope

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

transferredverbUS /trænˈsfɜːrd/

inflected form of “transfer” — transfer somebody to a different position or location of work

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

unhallowedadjective

not hallowed or consecrated

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

vestibulenounUS /ˈvestɪbjuːl/

a large entrance or reception room or area

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The scene of our story is now transferred to the Palace of the Emperor Galerius, one of the most sumptuous of the group of marble buildings which crowned the Palatine Hill.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

wickedadjectiveUS /ˈwɪkəd/

morally bad in principle or practice

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

witchingnounUS /ˈwɪtʃɪŋ/

the use or practice of witchcraft

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The lamps in the aula and vestibule burned dimly, and, in iron sockets along the outside of the palace walls, flared and smoked torches made of tow covered with a coating of clay or plaster.[33] Fausta, the mother of Galerius, and Furca, the high-priest of Cybele, were already conferring upon their secret plot.

wolf'snounUS /wʊlfs/

possessive form of “wolf” — any of various predatory carnivorous canine mammals of North America and Eurasia that usually hunt in packs

From this reading With them was Black Juba, who had just returned from gathering, at "the witching hour of night," upon the unhallowed ground set apart for the burning of the dead, certain baleful plants--wolf's bane, bitter briony, and aconite--which she used in wicked spells and incantations.

Chapter 18 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs by W. H. (William Henry) Withrow holds 55 sentences, grouped into 11 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs contain?

Chapter 18 holds 55 sentences of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs, unabridged, divided into 11 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs by W. H. (William Henry) Withrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 55 sentences, grouped into 11 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs?

Work through the 11 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 11 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Common questions about reading Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs by W. H. (William Henry) Withrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs?

Yes. All 2196 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33484 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33484, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs take to read?

About 183 minutes of reading across 440 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs section by section

How to work through Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Words and structures a reader meets early in Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Martyr
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Catacombs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Early
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Christian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.