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Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs
Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs is here in full — 75 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/15 · 5 lines
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THE PLOT THICKENS.
Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.
This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.
This indictment--_accusatio_, as it was technically called was duly formulated, and attested under the seal of the Prefect's Court.
Naso, the Prefect, and Furca, the priest, found a congenial task in submitting the document to the Emperor Galerius, and asking his authority to proceed against the accused.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs is here in full — 75 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/15 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE PLOT THICKENS.
/ðə plɑːt ˈθɪkənz/
Line 2
Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.
Line 3
This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.
Line 4
This indictment--_accusatio_, as it was technically called was duly formulated, and attested under the seal of the Prefect's Court.
Line 5
Naso, the Prefect, and Furca, the priest, found a congenial task in submitting the document to the Emperor Galerius, and asking his authority to proceed against the accused.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attested adjective US /əˈtestɪd/

established as genuine

From this reading “This indictment--_accusatio_, as it was technically called was duly formulated, and attested under the seal of the Prefect's Court.”

constructively adverb US /kənˈstrʌktɪvli/

in a constructive manner

From this reading “This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.”

formulated adjective US /ˈfɔːrmjəleɪtəd/

devised; developed according to an orderly plan

From this reading “This indictment--_accusatio_, as it was technically called was duly formulated, and attested under the seal of the Prefect's Court.”

intimidation noun US /ˌɪntɪmɪˈdeɪʃən/

the act of intimidating a weaker person to make them do something

From this reading “Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.”

Ravenna noun US /rəˈvenə/

a battle between the French and an alliance of Spaniards and Swiss and Venetians in 1512

From this reading “Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.”

submitting verb US /səbˈmɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “submit” — refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading “Naso, the Prefect, and Furca, the priest, found a congenial task in submitting the document to the Emperor Galerius, and asking his authority to proceed against the accused.”

technically adverb US /ˈteknɪkəli/

with regard to technique

From this reading “This indictment--_accusatio_, as it was technically called was duly formulated, and attested under the seal of the Prefect's Court.”

thickens verb US /ˈθɪkənz/

third-person singular of “thicken” — make thick or thicker

From this reading “THE PLOT THICKENS.”

All words in this reading · 83

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Naso, the Prefect, and Furca, the priest, found a congenial task in submitting the document to the Emperor Galerius, and asking his authority to proceed against the accused.

accompaniedadjectiveUS /əˈkʌmpənid/

having companions or an escort

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

accusatio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This indictment--_accusatio_, as it was technically called was duly formulated, and attested under the seal of the Prefect's Court.

accusationnounUS /ˌækjəˈzeɪʃən/

a formal charge of wrongdoing brought against a person; the act of imputing blame or guilt

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

accusednounUS /əˈkjuːzd/

a defendant in a criminal proceeding

From this reading Naso, the Prefect, and Furca, the priest, found a congenial task in submitting the document to the Emperor Galerius, and asking his authority to proceed against the accused.

Adauctus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

askverbUS /æsk/

make a request or demand for something to somebody

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

askingnounUS /ˈæskɪŋ/

the verbal act of requesting

From this reading Naso, the Prefect, and Furca, the priest, found a congenial task in submitting the document to the Emperor Galerius, and asking his authority to proceed against the accused.

attestedadjectiveUS /əˈtestɪd/

established as genuine

From this reading This indictment--_accusatio_, as it was technically called was duly formulated, and attested under the seal of the Prefect's Court.

authoritynounUS /əˈθɔːrəti/

the power or right to give orders or make decisions

From this reading Naso, the Prefect, and Furca, the priest, found a congenial task in submitting the document to the Emperor Galerius, and asking his authority to proceed against the accused.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

cajolerynoun

flattery intended to persuade

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading This indictment--_accusatio_, as it was technically called was duly formulated, and attested under the seal of the Prefect's Court.

Calphurnius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

ChancellornounUS /ˈtʃænsələr/

the British cabinet minister responsible for finance

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

choseverbUS /tʃoʊz/

inflected form of “choose” — pick out, select, or choose from a number of alternatives

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

ChristianadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪstʃən/

relating to or characteristic of Christianity

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

congenialadjectiveUS /kənˈdʒiːnjəl/

suitable to your needs

From this reading Naso, the Prefect, and Furca, the priest, found a congenial task in submitting the document to the Emperor Galerius, and asking his authority to proceed against the accused.

conspiracynounUS /kənˈspɪrəsi/

a secret agreement between two or more people to perform an unlawful act

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

constructivelyadverbUS /kənˈstrʌktɪvli/

in a constructive manner

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

CourtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading This indictment--_accusatio_, as it was technically called was duly formulated, and attested under the seal of the Prefect's Court.

documentnounUS /ˈdɑːkjəment/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading Naso, the Prefect, and Furca, the priest, found a congenial task in submitting the document to the Emperor Galerius, and asking his authority to proceed against the accused.

dulyadverbUS /ˈduːli/

in accordance with what is appropriate or suitable for the circumstances

From this reading This indictment--_accusatio_, as it was technically called was duly formulated, and attested under the seal of the Prefect's Court.

EmperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading Naso, the Prefect, and Furca, the priest, found a congenial task in submitting the document to the Emperor Galerius, and asking his authority to proceed against the accused.

EmpressnounUS /ˈempres/

a woman emperor or the wife of an emperor

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

formulatedadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrmjəleɪtəd/

devised; developed according to an orderly plan

From this reading This indictment--_accusatio_, as it was technically called was duly formulated, and attested under the seal of the Prefect's Court.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Naso, the Prefect, and Furca, the priest, found a congenial task in submitting the document to the Emperor Galerius, and asking his authority to proceed against the accused.

Furca

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Naso, the Prefect, and Furca, the priest, found a congenial task in submitting the document to the Emperor Galerius, and asking his authority to proceed against the accused.

Galerius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Naso, the Prefect, and Furca, the priest, found a congenial task in submitting the document to the Emperor Galerius, and asking his authority to proceed against the accused.

gaveverbUS /ɡeɪv/

inflected form of “give” — cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

godsnounUS /ɡɑːdz/

plural of “god” — the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Naso, the Prefect, and Furca, the priest, found a congenial task in submitting the document to the Emperor Galerius, and asking his authority to proceed against the accused.

indictmentnounUS /ˌɪnˈdaɪtmənt/

a formal document written for a prosecuting attorney charging a person with some offense

From this reading This indictment--_accusatio_, as it was technically called was duly formulated, and attested under the seal of the Prefect's Court.

informationnounUS /ˌɪnfərˈmeɪʃən/

a message received and understood

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

intimidationnounUS /ˌɪntɪmɪˈdeɪʃən/

the act of intimidating a weaker person to make them do something

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

Isidorus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading This indictment--_accusatio_, as it was technically called was duly formulated, and attested under the seal of the Prefect's Court.

MilannounUS /məˈlɑːn/

the capital of Lombardy in northern Italy; has been an international center of trade and industry since the Middle Ages

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

Naso

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Naso, the Prefect, and Furca, the priest, found a congenial task in submitting the document to the Emperor Galerius, and asking his authority to proceed against the accused.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

officernounUS /ˈɔːfəsər/

any person in the armed services who holds a position of authority or command

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

partlyadverbUS /ˈpɑːrtli/

to some extent; in some degree; not wholly

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

PLOTnounUS /plɑːt/

a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)

From this reading THE PLOT THICKENS.

PrefectnounUS /ˈpriːfekt/

a chief officer or chief magistrate

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

Prefect's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This indictment--_accusatio_, as it was technically called was duly formulated, and attested under the seal of the Prefect's Court.

priestnounUS /priːst/

a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading Naso, the Prefect, and Furca, the priest, found a congenial task in submitting the document to the Emperor Galerius, and asking his authority to proceed against the accused.

proceedverbUS /prəˈsiːd/

continue talking

From this reading Naso, the Prefect, and Furca, the priest, found a congenial task in submitting the document to the Emperor Galerius, and asking his authority to proceed against the accused.

RavennanounUS /rəˈvenə/

a battle between the French and an alliance of Spaniards and Swiss and Venetians in 1512

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

reluctantlyadverbUS /rɪˈlʌktəntli/

with reluctance

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

sealverbUS /siːl/

make tight; secure against leakage

From this reading This indictment--_accusatio_, as it was technically called was duly formulated, and attested under the seal of the Prefect's Court.

sectnounUS /sekt/

a subdivision of a larger religious group

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

submittingverbUS /səbˈmɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “submit” — refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading Naso, the Prefect, and Furca, the priest, found a congenial task in submitting the document to the Emperor Galerius, and asking his authority to proceed against the accused.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

tasknounUS /tæsk/

any piece of work that is undertaken or attempted

From this reading Naso, the Prefect, and Furca, the priest, found a congenial task in submitting the document to the Emperor Galerius, and asking his authority to proceed against the accused.

technicallyadverbUS /ˈteknɪkəli/

with regard to technique

From this reading This indictment--_accusatio_, as it was technically called was duly formulated, and attested under the seal of the Prefect's Court.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE PLOT THICKENS.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

THICKENSverbUS /ˈθɪkənz/

third-person singular of “thicken” — make thick or thicker

From this reading THE PLOT THICKENS.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

torturedadjectiveUS /ˈtɔːrtʃərd/

experiencing intense pain especially mental pain

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

treasonnounUS /ˈtriːzən/

a crime that undermines the offender's government

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

tribunalnounUS /trəˈbjuːnəl/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Isidorus reluctantly accompanied Calphurnius to the tribunal of the Prefect; and there, partly through intimidation, partly through cajolery, he gave such information as to his expedition to Ravenna and Milan as the Prefect chose to ask.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading This indictment--_accusatio_, as it was technically called was duly formulated, and attested under the seal of the Prefect's Court.

unscrupulousadjectiveUS /ənˈskruːpjələs/

without scruples or principles

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

Valeria

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

worshipverbUS /ˈwɜːrʃəp/

love unquestioningly and uncritically or to excess; venerate as an idol

From this reading This was tortured, by that unscrupulous officer, into an accusation against the Empress Valeria of conspiracy with the Chancellor, Adauctus, and others of the Christian sect, against the worship of the gods of Rome, and so, constructively, of treason against the State.

Chapter 20 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs by W. H. (William Henry) Withrow holds 75 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs contain?

Chapter 20 holds 75 sentences of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs by W. H. (William Henry) Withrow exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 75 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Common questions about reading Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs by W. H. (William Henry) Withrow on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs?

Yes. All 2196 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #33484 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #33484, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs take to read?

About 183 minutes of reading across 440 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs section by section

How to work through Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 30 chapters of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs

Words and structures a reader meets early in Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Martyr
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Catacombs
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Early
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Christian
A word that appears in the opening chapter of Valeria, the Martyr of the Catacombs; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.